周志剛,白 浪,何朝才
(1.重慶西南醫(yī)院門(mén)診部,重慶 401220;2.重慶長(zhǎng)壽區(qū)中醫(yī)院普外科,重慶 401220)
兩種術(shù)式對(duì)膽囊結(jié)石者術(shù)后免疫及炎癥反應(yīng)的影響
周志剛1,白 浪2,何朝才2
(1.重慶西南醫(yī)院門(mén)診部,重慶 401220;2.重慶長(zhǎng)壽區(qū)中醫(yī)院普外科,重慶 401220)
目的:對(duì)比分析行腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)(LC)與傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)腹膽囊切除術(shù)(OC)的膽囊結(jié)石患者術(shù)后免疫炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)指標(biāo)水平的變化。方法:分析2010年1月~2014年9月在我院行手術(shù)治療的106例膽囊結(jié)石患者的臨床資料。隨機(jī)將入選者劃分成觀察組(LC術(shù),51例)和對(duì)照組(OC,55例)兩組。比較兩組患者的基線(xiàn)資料、手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)、手術(shù)前后的炎性指標(biāo)及免疫指標(biāo)水平的變化。結(jié)果:兩組患者的基線(xiàn)資料無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。兩組患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間無(wú)顯著性差異,而觀察組患者的術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組。兩組患者術(shù)前炎性指標(biāo)均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,術(shù)后3d時(shí)觀察組患者的CRP及TNF-α水平明顯低于對(duì)照組。術(shù)前兩組患者的CD4+%、CD8+%及CD4+/CD8+比例均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,術(shù)后3d時(shí)觀察組患者的CD4+%、 CD8+%及CD4+/CD8+均顯著高于對(duì)照組。結(jié)論:在有效緩解膽囊結(jié)石患者術(shù)后機(jī)體免疫炎癥反應(yīng)的嚴(yán)重程度方面,LC術(shù)較OC術(shù)優(yōu)秀,且總療效更高,值得推廣。
腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù);開(kāi)腹膽囊切除術(shù);膽囊結(jié)石;免疫;炎癥
我國(guó)膽囊結(jié)石的發(fā)病率較高,是目前臨床上常見(jiàn)的一種膽道系統(tǒng)疾病,與妊娠、高脂肪飲食、雌激素及肥胖等多種因素相關(guān)[1]。大部分膽囊結(jié)石者臨床癥狀并不顯著,但少數(shù)患者會(huì)因感染、結(jié)石嵌頓等誘發(fā)膽絞痛。目前臨床上主要采用根治術(shù)治療膽囊結(jié)石。開(kāi)腹膽囊切除術(shù)(OC)的創(chuàng)傷性較大,且術(shù)后并發(fā)癥較多、康復(fù)較慢,故不能作為膽囊結(jié)石的首選術(shù)式,隨著外科微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)(LC)受到患者及外科醫(yī)生的廣泛關(guān)注[2,3]。本研究旨在通過(guò)檢測(cè)膽囊結(jié)石LC術(shù)后的免疫炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)指標(biāo)的水平,以期給診斷與治療此類(lèi)患者提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
1.1 研究對(duì)象分析2010年1月~2014年9月在我院行手術(shù)治療的106例膽囊結(jié)石患者的臨床資料。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):經(jīng)超聲檢查確診為膽囊結(jié)石者;臨床資料信息完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并嚴(yán)重肝腎功能受障、膽道系統(tǒng)其它疾患者;合并代謝性疾病及終末期疾病的患者。本研究經(jīng)我眼醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者知情同意此次研究并簽署相關(guān)知情同意書(shū)者。隨機(jī)將入選者劃分成觀察組(LC術(shù),51例)和對(duì)照組(OC,55例)兩組。
1.2 研究方法由同一組醫(yī)師實(shí)施所有手術(shù)。觀察組:LC術(shù),全麻后三孔法穿刺進(jìn)入腹部,氣腹保持在12~14mmHg左右,放入器械及腔鏡,對(duì)腹腔臟器進(jìn)行常規(guī)探查,將膽囊周?chē)尺B分離,同時(shí)將膽囊壺腹部提起,于膽囊頸部處將膽囊管解剖出,然后剪斷膽囊管,于膽囊三角內(nèi)將膽囊動(dòng)脈鈍性分離出,從電囊床上順行將膽囊電凝剝離并取出,膽囊床予以電凝止血。對(duì)照組:OC,全麻后經(jīng)右肋緣下斜切口或右腹直肌切口取出,探查腹腔臟器,將膽囊周?chē)尺B分離,同時(shí)將膽囊壺腹部提起,于膽囊頸部處將膽囊管解剖出,然后剪斷膽囊管,于膽囊三角內(nèi)將膽囊動(dòng)脈鈍性分離出,逆行從膽囊底部從膽囊床上將膽囊銳性剝離,剪斷膽囊管,將膽囊移除,放置腹腔引流管。
觀察指標(biāo):詳細(xì)記錄患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間及術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)后首次肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間及并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況等。手術(shù)前后第3d空腹抽取患者的肘靜脈血,檢測(cè)血清白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)、白細(xì)胞介素10(IL-10)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)及T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的水平。
檢測(cè)方法:酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測(cè)血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α、CRP的水平;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群的水平,包括CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法本研究中的數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行分析。數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)量以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差形式表示,比較采用t檢驗(yàn)和卡方(χ2)檢驗(yàn)。我們定義P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 基線(xiàn)資料本研究共納入患者106例,其中觀察組51里,對(duì)照組55例。表1提示兩組患者的基線(xiàn)資料包括年齡、性別、BMI、空腹血糖、病程、煙酒史均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。
2.2 兩組患者手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較表2可見(jiàn),兩組患者的手術(shù)時(shí)間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而觀察組術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。
表1 兩組患者基線(xiàn)資料比較
表2 兩組患者手術(shù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較
2.3 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后炎性指標(biāo)比較兩組患者術(shù)前炎性指標(biāo)均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),術(shù)后3d時(shí)觀察組CRP及TNF-α水平明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),詳見(jiàn)表3。
表3 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后炎性指標(biāo)比較
2.4 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后免疫指標(biāo)比較表4可見(jiàn),術(shù)前兩組患者的CD4+%、CD8+%及CD4+/CD8+比例均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),術(shù)后3d時(shí)觀察組患者的CD4+%、 CD8+%及CD4+/CD8+均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。
表4 兩組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后免疫指標(biāo)比較
臨床上膽囊結(jié)石的病發(fā)率較高,屬于常見(jiàn)疾病之一,其引發(fā)因素較多,所有能引發(fā)膽汁成分變化或者膽汁預(yù)計(jì)的因素均是膽囊結(jié)石發(fā)病的誘因[4]。目前主要通過(guò)外科手術(shù)治療膽囊結(jié)石。傳統(tǒng)的開(kāi)腹膽囊切除術(shù)(OC)存在創(chuàng)傷性大及術(shù)后恢復(fù)慢等缺點(diǎn),而微創(chuàng)外科術(shù)——腹腔鏡的廣泛應(yīng)用彌補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)術(shù)的不足[5,6],但關(guān)于腹腔鏡術(shù)對(duì)膽囊結(jié)石患者術(shù)后的免疫炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)因子水平的影響的報(bào)道尚很少,本研究通過(guò)對(duì)此研究以期給診治此類(lèi)患者提供一定的理論依據(jù)。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),觀察組患者的術(shù)中出血量、術(shù)后排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組,證實(shí)了LC術(shù)的微創(chuàng)優(yōu)勢(shì),即創(chuàng)傷性小,此也是促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后及早康復(fù)及降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率的重要原因。T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群CD4+與CD8+是人體免疫系統(tǒng)內(nèi)重要的一組免疫細(xì)胞,其中CD4+量直接展示了機(jī)體的免疫系統(tǒng)水平,對(duì)術(shù)后免疫受損進(jìn)展具有一定的預(yù)防作用,有助于臨床醫(yī)師及早發(fā)現(xiàn)手術(shù)后被感染的現(xiàn)象,大大降低了病毒載量;而CD8+經(jīng)由細(xì)胞表面的MHC分子結(jié)合CD4+,辨別免疫細(xì)胞與抗原物質(zhì)結(jié)合[7,8]。CD4+/CD8+值相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,常用于機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)損傷情況的體現(xiàn),其比值一旦<0.2則說(shuō)明機(jī)體被感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較大,且病程進(jìn)展者被感染的幾率更大[9,10]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),兩組患者術(shù)后的T淋巴細(xì)胞亞群水平均呈下降狀,且觀察組患者降低幅度較小,顯著比對(duì)照組患者優(yōu)秀。CD4+、CD8+與CD4+/CD8+可以展示患者機(jī)體的免疫狀態(tài),說(shuō)明手術(shù)導(dǎo)致的創(chuàng)傷能對(duì)免疫反應(yīng)進(jìn)行一定的抑制,此也是引發(fā)術(shù)后感染性疾病的一個(gè)重要因素。有研究資料結(jié)果顯示,手術(shù)后的免疫抑制與淋巴細(xì)胞總量降低以及細(xì)胞凋亡因子與抗凋亡因子平衡失調(diào)可能相關(guān),與術(shù)前相比,CD4+與CD8+細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著增加,而體內(nèi)的抗凋亡因子水平則顯著下降[11]。LC術(shù)由于對(duì)患者的損傷小,故手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷引發(fā)的免疫抑制程度一定程度上也會(huì)有所緩解。腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)主要產(chǎn)生于激活的T淋巴細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞及巨噬細(xì)胞,通過(guò)結(jié)合相應(yīng)的受體被靶細(xì)胞所攝取,細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)遭破壞,從而產(chǎn)生大量的細(xì)胞酶,導(dǎo)致腫瘤細(xì)胞裂解消亡,其可以顯著增進(jìn)人體的免疫功能,幫助T細(xì)胞殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞;此外,其還能刺激巨噬細(xì)胞及下丘腦釋放大量白細(xì)胞介素1(IL-1)、白細(xì)胞介素6(IL-6)等炎癥因子[12,13]。C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)主要是機(jī)體被病毒或者細(xì)菌感染后以及組織受損時(shí)由肝臟細(xì)胞合成的一種急性相蛋白,其可以與細(xì)胞膜上的磷酸膽堿相結(jié)合,對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞與淋巴細(xì)胞系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié),促進(jìn)細(xì)胞吞噬,緩解機(jī)體炎性反應(yīng)[14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后3d時(shí)觀察組患者的CRP及TNF-α水平明顯低于對(duì)照組,提示LC術(shù)在緩解患者術(shù)后炎癥反應(yīng)與恢復(fù)抗炎細(xì)胞及炎癥細(xì)胞功能方面發(fā)揮了重要作用,使機(jī)體內(nèi)環(huán)境維持平衡狀態(tài),有效預(yù)防炎癥反應(yīng)損傷機(jī)體內(nèi)的其它重要臟器,臨床療效明顯好于OC術(shù)。
總之,LC術(shù)對(duì)膽囊結(jié)石者的創(chuàng)傷性較小,同時(shí)還可以加速患者術(shù)后康復(fù)進(jìn)程,與減緩患者術(shù)后的應(yīng)激反應(yīng)與免疫抑制可能相關(guān)。
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The influence of two kinds of operations on patients w ith gallstone
Zhou Zhi-gang1, Bai Lang2, He Chao-cai2
(1. Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, Chongqing 401220, China; 2. Department of General Surgery, Changshou District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 401220, China)
Objective Our retrospective study was aimed to contrastively analyze the changes of the levels of the related indexes of postoperative immune status and inflammation reaction of patients with gallstone. M ethods Clinical data of 106 patients with gallstone
treatment at our hospital from January, 2010 to September, 2014 was retrospectively analyzed. Patients included were divided into two groups at random, observe group (LC, 51 cases) and control group (OC, 55 cases). The general information, the operation related indexes, the changes of the levels of the immune indexes and the inflammation indexes before and after operation in two groups were compared. Results The general information in two groups had no statistical difference. The operative time in two groups had no statistical difference, and the intraoperative blood loss, postoperative exhaust time and postoperative complications rate in observe group were obviously lower than those in control group. The levels of the immune indexes before operation in two groups had no statistical difference, and the levels of CRP and TNF-α at the third day after operation in observe group were obviously lower than those in control group. The values of CD4+%, CD8+%, CD4+/CD8in two groups had no statistical difference. The values of CD4+%, CD8+%, CD4+/CD8at the third day after operation in observe group were obviously higher than those in control group. Conclusion The LC is better than the OC on relieving the postoperative immunosuppression, stress response and overall effect, which is worth promoting.
laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC); open cholecystectomy (OC); gallstone; immunity; inflammation
R657.4
A
1673-016X(2017)03-0115-04
2017-01-20
周志剛,E-mail:chen1 juan2@163.com
湖南師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2017年3期