地質(zhì)公園，斯塔萬(wàn)格，挪威

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：海倫與哈德建筑事務(wù)所

地質(zhì)公園，斯塔萬(wàn)格，挪威

景觀設(shè)計(jì)：海倫與哈德建筑事務(wù)所

作為挪威興盛的石油工業(yè)中心，斯塔萬(wàn)格很快成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)吸引著全世界專家的知識(shí)中心。海倫與哈德建筑事務(wù)所已經(jīng)在多個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，嘗試用可持續(xù)性的城市開發(fā)策略來(lái)整合離岸石油工業(yè)的專業(yè)知識(shí)與物質(zhì)資源，其中最典型的項(xiàng)目是地質(zhì)公園。該公園是位于斯塔萬(wàn)格海岸的一個(gè)城市游憩空間，利用了附近石油博物館的一片前庭空地。設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中，事務(wù)所從3種不同的當(dāng)?shù)刭Y源汲取了靈感：其一，石油工業(yè)的地質(zhì)學(xué)及地震學(xué)專業(yè)知識(shí)；其二，石油生產(chǎn)中的科技、材料及肥料；其三，與當(dāng)?shù)啬贻p群體合作并接納的關(guān)于新公園功能和設(shè)計(jì)的建議。

海倫與哈德建筑設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所早在2004年就啟動(dòng)了這一項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)。在多次調(diào)整和政治磋商后，它最終成為了2008年斯塔萬(wàn)格歐洲文化中心項(xiàng)目的一部分。

項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)初衷是讓人深入體驗(yàn)特魯爾油氣田——這是目前挪威大陸架上最具價(jià)值的油氣田，藏于海床2000～3000m之下。公園的地形就是建立在特魯爾油氣田的地質(zhì)分層之上，以1:500的比例予以重現(xiàn)。這片“地質(zhì)景觀”按照一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)性的序列而推進(jìn)發(fā)展：第一階段是數(shù)據(jù)操作，15個(gè)地質(zhì)分層被剝離并暴露，形成一個(gè)裸露在陽(yáng)光和廣場(chǎng)中心的公園坡地；第二階段由年輕人的工作坊組成，其中確定了相當(dāng)于地質(zhì)沉積層功能的公園活動(dòng)，包括自行車、攀巖、展覽、音樂(lè)會(huì)、場(chǎng)地障礙、球類運(yùn)動(dòng)以及休閑放松。其中蘊(yùn)藏石油的一層，包括它的鉆井，成為一個(gè)滑板公園，而其中地質(zhì)的褶皺被用于涂鴉和街頭藝術(shù)的展墻。

在第三階段，公園的界面和裝置是用從石油裝置、廢棄的弗里格采油平臺(tái)、離岸基地、設(shè)備補(bǔ)給及廢物堆中回收并改造的元素創(chuàng)作的。設(shè)計(jì)元素及材料的選擇是與年輕團(tuán)體共同考察城郊的工業(yè)設(shè)施后完成的。有些裝置是從工廠借來(lái)的，有些是以廢品般的極低價(jià)格購(gòu)買的。公園在所有時(shí)段都受到兒童、家長(zhǎng)、年輕人的歡迎，將這一片原本荒廢的地段轉(zhuǎn)化為忙碌的社交會(huì)面地點(diǎn)。盡管公園最初是為某一時(shí)間段的臨時(shí)使用而設(shè)計(jì)，但直到8年后它依然存在，而且人們正在討論是否要讓它變成一個(gè)永久性的公園。（黃華青 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Stavanger 2008 / European Capital of Culture 2008

合作/Collaborator: The Norwegian Petroleum museum and local youth.

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team at Helen & Hard: Siv Helene, Reinhard Kropf, Randi Hana Augenstein, Barbara Ascher, Mercedes Pena設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2007.06 – 2008.04

面積/Area: 2448m2

造價(jià)/Cost: 7.1 million NOK

攝影/Photos: Tom Haga, Emile Ashley

1 地質(zhì)公園/Geopark

2 地質(zhì)公園/Geopark

3.4 地質(zhì)公園概念圖/Concept

As the base for Norway's burgeoning oil industry, Stavanger quickly became a knowledge hub attracting specialists from around the world. Helen & Hard has sought to synergize the expertise and material resources of the offshore industry with sustainable urban development in many projects, most notably in Geopark. The park is a playful urban space on Stavanger's waterfront, utilizing a vacant forecourt adjacent to the Oil Museum. We drew from three different local resources in the design process: first, the geological and seismic expertise of the oil industry; second, technology, materials and waste related to oil production; and third, the ideas of and collaboration with local youth groups for the programming and making of the new park.

The project was initiated by H&H already in 2004. After many attempts and political discussions it was accepted as a part of the Stavanger European Capital of Culture – program in 2008.

An initial intention was to give a tangible experience of the oil and gas reservoir Troll. By far the most valuable field on Norwegian shelf, it is hidden 2000 – 3000 meters below the seabed. The topography of the park is based on the geological layers, the "strata", of the Troll field, reconstructed in a scale of 1:500. This "geo-landscape" was developed in an experimental sequence: The first phase was a digital maneuver, where the 15 geological layers were partly peeled away and exposed, creating a park sloping towards both the sun and the centre of the square. The second phase consisted of workshops with youth groups. Here, the functions of the sedimentary layers were programmed for activities such as biking, climbing, exhibition, concerts, jumping, ball play and chilling-out. The layer containing the oil, including its drilling wells, became a skating park, while geological folds were used as exhibition walls for graffiti and street art.

In the third phase, the surfaces and installations were created using recycled and reshaped elements from petroleum installations, the abandoned Frigg oil platform, offshore bases, equipment suppliers and scrap heaps. The selection of elements and materials was done together with youth groups visiting the industrial sites outside the city center. Some installations are borrowed from companies, some were given and other were bought cheap as scrap. The park is extensively used by kids, parents and youths at all hours, turning the formerly abandoned site into a humming social meeting point. The park was originally planned for a temporary period of one year, but it is still there 8 years after and there is an ongoing discussion to make the park permanent.

5 儲(chǔ)層的頂部和底部（油水接觸層）成為公園上下標(biāo)高層的起始點(diǎn)/The top and base (oil/water contact) of the reservoir provide the starting points for the park's upper and lower levels.

6 通過(guò)清理各個(gè)沉積層的截面而將其暴露出來(lái)，創(chuàng)造出具有不同材質(zhì)表面的類似于運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)的景觀/The various sedimentary layers have been exposed by removing sections of them. This creates a stadium-like landscape with different material surfaces. Faults are represented by concrete walls.

7 許多裝置和物體被融合到景觀中得到再利用，成為各種活動(dòng)和科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)的基地/A number of installations and objects have been re-used and integrated in the landscape as the basis for various activities and science center experiments.

8.9 剖面/Sections

10 可以進(jìn)行滑板運(yùn)動(dòng)的井眼軌跡/Well paths for skateboarding

11 地質(zhì)公園/Geopark

12 帶有防撞墊和蹦床的跳躍景觀區(qū)/Jumping landscape with fenders and trampoline

13 天線罩做成的陽(yáng)光曬臺(tái)/Sun trap from antenna covers

評(píng)論

陳屹峰：地質(zhì)公園從鳥瞰角度給人的感覺(jué)非常接近模型，園內(nèi)的地形似乎是截然被擺放在它們所在的場(chǎng)地上，而公園的大部分設(shè)施都又像是直接被安插在地形上。公園和場(chǎng)地之間、公園各要素之間的關(guān)系都是疊加或并置，因而是非連續(xù)的，它們營(yíng)造了一種富有沖擊力的臨時(shí)感，同時(shí)也給公園帶來(lái)了鮮明的視覺(jué)特征。園內(nèi)各地形的表面材料以及全部設(shè)施都是來(lái)自對(duì)工業(yè)廢棄物的回收再利用，進(jìn)一步強(qiáng)化了公園的這種特質(zhì)。作為對(duì)地質(zhì)公園的主題性回應(yīng)，設(shè)計(jì)另一有趣的地方是將公園塑造成一處微縮的地質(zhì)景觀。對(duì)于項(xiàng)目所在的開闊且缺乏線索的場(chǎng)地而言，倒也不失為一個(gè)巧妙的切入點(diǎn)。

Comments

CHEN Yifeng: From the bird's view angle, the look of the Geopark is very close to a model: the landform seems to be placed on site, and most of the facilities in the park be directly put on the plot. The relationships between the park and the site, and between the various elements of the park are overlapped or in parallel, so they are inconsecutive, creating a strong powerful sense of temporariness and at the same time highlighting the park with distinct visual characteristics. Moreover, the land surface materials and all the facilities in the park are made from recycled industrial wastes, which further strengthen the characteristics of the park. As a response to the theme of the Geopark, the park is shaped into a miniature geographic landscape, another interesting point about the design. Given that the open space lacks clues at the site, this design is considered as a delicate cutting point.

青鋒：比例是人類接受世界的重要工具，再宏大的事物都可以經(jīng)過(guò)比例的縮放變成我們熟悉的尺度，同時(shí)又不失去它原有的結(jié)構(gòu)與本質(zhì)。古希臘人就是以這種方式將宇宙和人融為一體，維特魯威將建筑加入其間，從此人、建筑、宇宙成為密不可分的三位一體。地質(zhì)公園給予這一古老的策略新的生機(jī)，讓海底的巨型地質(zhì)構(gòu)造變得如玩偶般觸手可及，當(dāng)然是一個(gè)有趣的事情。實(shí)際上即使沒(méi)有比例的縮放，石油鉆井平臺(tái)也已經(jīng)讓地層服從被擺布的命運(yùn)。冰冷的機(jī)械也是人類發(fā)明的最偉大的玩具，這并不是一個(gè)比喻，而是事實(shí)。這提醒我們從另外一個(gè)角度去理解“住宅是居住的機(jī)器”。

QING Feng: Proportion is an important instrument for human beings to embrace the world. No matter how big a thing is, proportion can scale it down to the dimension to be handled, without losing its inherent structure and essence. The ancient Greeks used this tool to connect the universe with human beings. Vitruvius put architecture in the middle. Since then, there emerged the trinity of human being, architecture and the universe. Geopark gave this ancient strategy a new life. To turn the mega structure of geological layers into a tangible toy is definitely a fun. Actually, even without scaling, oil platforms have already made the geological strata obedient to human wills. The cold machines are the greatest toys ever invented by man. This is not a metaphor, but a fact. It indicates a rethinking of the idiom, "a house is a machine for living".

Geopark, Stavanger, Norway, 2008

Landscape Architects: Helen & Hard