杜立特突襲75周年紀(jì)念

鄭偉勇

2017年4月18日是美國(guó)陸軍航空隊(duì)杜立特突襲75周年紀(jì)念。

美國(guó)只有200多年建國(guó)史，但他們十分珍視自己的歷史，樂(lè)于也善于傳承歷史中涌現(xiàn)出來(lái)的優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)和良好傳統(tǒng)。這一天他們?cè)诙砗ザ碇莸拇D市舉辦一系列的紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。

我作為中國(guó)民間獨(dú)立研究者，關(guān)注杜立特突襲歷史事件多年，與美國(guó)杜立特突襲者協(xié)會(huì)和突襲者子女協(xié)會(huì)保持著良好的關(guān)系，應(yīng)邀參加了這次紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。這也是我第四次參加這一紀(jì)念活動(dòng)。

杜立特突襲者協(xié)會(huì)以及突襲者子女協(xié)會(huì)幾乎每年都舉辦紀(jì)念活動(dòng)，不因時(shí)間流逝而弛廢。他們的活動(dòng)也得到了美國(guó)空軍、民眾和著名企業(yè)的支持。一些新的紀(jì)念項(xiàng)目也讓參與者耳目一新。

4月17日上午，一架美軍現(xiàn)役B-1轟炸機(jī)被命名為“新瘸老鴨”。75年前，一架叫“瘸老鴨”的B-25轟炸機(jī)參加了杜立特突襲，這一軍事行動(dòng)是日本偷襲珍珠港后美軍對(duì)日本本土進(jìn)行的第一次反擊。返程時(shí)，“瘸老鴨”墜落在中國(guó)浙江三門(mén)縣南田大沙海灘上。后來(lái)，特德·勞森著《東京上空三十秒》，“瘸老鴨”成為二戰(zhàn)著名軍機(jī)。B-1轟炸機(jī)被命名為“新瘸老鴨”，是對(duì)當(dāng)年的精神傳承。

命名儀式舉行，“瘸老鴨”機(jī)械師撒切爾的女兒在一名空軍軍士的陪同下揭幕，撒切爾夫人在“新瘸老鴨”機(jī)輪上灑上美酒，用酒的醇香為之祝福。接著，年輕的美國(guó)空軍官兵們排隊(duì)向唯一在世的杜立特突襲者、101歲的杜立特機(jī)組副駕駛迪克·科爾問(wèn)候、合影?？茽査徒o官兵紀(jì)念徽章。長(zhǎng)官用美國(guó)國(guó)旗回贈(zèng)給科爾和撒切爾家人。

杜立特突襲是美國(guó)人盡皆知的英雄史，也知道突襲后得到過(guò)中國(guó)的幫助。突襲者在每次紀(jì)念活動(dòng)時(shí)，都為中國(guó)人為之付出25萬(wàn)人犧牲的巨大代價(jià)而感激。但是，美國(guó)民眾對(duì)突襲者在中國(guó)被拯救的具體情境知之甚少。我以為，突襲者在中國(guó)的經(jīng)歷是整個(gè)突襲行動(dòng)中最驚險(xiǎn)、精彩的傳奇篇章。

4月17日晚上，美國(guó)國(guó)家空軍博物館報(bào)告廳內(nèi)，在簡(jiǎn)短的儀式之后，我上臺(tái)結(jié)合PPT做了30分鐘演講《共同的回憶》，著重介紹我在這些年的研究過(guò)程中收集到的其中四個(gè)機(jī)組——1號(hào)、7號(hào)、12號(hào)和15號(hào)——在中國(guó)的故事。我為這次演講做了大量準(zhǔn)備工作，比如電影《東京上空三十秒》以紀(jì)實(shí)的風(fēng)格給觀眾講述了突襲者在中國(guó)的情況，但還有很多背景細(xì)節(jié)無(wú)法展開(kāi)，我就用一張張圖片和實(shí)物如南田島周?chē)鷶澄覒B(tài)勢(shì)、大沙海灘、安置飛行員的房子、經(jīng)過(guò)的危險(xiǎn)地段、日軍對(duì)村民的報(bào)復(fù)、現(xiàn)存遺跡等做了補(bǔ)充介紹。我的演講獲得了熱烈的掌聲，很多聽(tīng)眾和我握手。他們說(shuō)，很喜歡我的演講；這些以前沒(méi)有聽(tīng)過(guò)的故事激起了他們的愛(ài)國(guó)熱情。他們也為中國(guó)人在二戰(zhàn)中為美國(guó)人做出的巨大貢獻(xiàn)而感激。

會(huì)后，我把我寫(xiě)的兩本研究杜立特突襲的書(shū)送給美國(guó)國(guó)家空軍博物館。館長(zhǎng)表示，他們一定會(huì)好好珍藏。“現(xiàn)在很多美國(guó)年輕人已不大知道這段歷史，我希望存續(xù)下去。感謝您收集到這么多一手資料，愿您的書(shū)能譯成英文在美國(guó)出版?！?/p>

4月18日上午，我到博物館機(jī)場(chǎng)跑道參觀B-25飛機(jī)的靜態(tài)展示。這次有11架飛機(jī)來(lái)參加紀(jì)念活動(dòng)，雖然比不上2012年70周年紀(jì)念時(shí)的20架，但能集中這么多70多年機(jī)齡且能飛行的同型號(hào)二戰(zhàn)飛機(jī)也十分壯觀。

很多機(jī)組人員熱情地邀請(qǐng)我進(jìn)入他們的飛機(jī)參觀。Georgies Gal號(hào)機(jī)組年輕的機(jī)械師泰勒（Tyler）帶著我進(jìn)入機(jī)內(nèi)。他說(shuō)，這是一架好飛機(jī)，值得為它做好保養(yǎng)工作。我說(shuō)，這飛機(jī)很漂亮。他說(shuō)，是的，他的飛機(jī)是最漂亮的，別的飛機(jī)都老了；他有理由自豪，他的飛機(jī)機(jī)身锃光瓦亮，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)比較新。

我向他們提出我希望乘坐他們的飛機(jī)參加紀(jì)念通場(chǎng)飛行。他們愉快地同意了。下午1時(shí)25分我和機(jī)組成員登上飛機(jī)就位。1時(shí)35分在澎湃的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)聲中，我乘坐的飛機(jī)起飛升空。11架飛機(jī)先向南飛行，上升到1000英尺，在空中進(jìn)行編隊(duì)，然后向北飛行。2時(shí)10分我們的機(jī)隊(duì)通過(guò)美國(guó)國(guó)家空軍博物館上空。這時(shí)，博物館紀(jì)念公園內(nèi)科爾、突襲者子女家人和空軍官兵、民眾正在杜立特突襲紀(jì)念碑前舉行紀(jì)念儀式。B-25機(jī)隊(duì)通場(chǎng)飛行是紀(jì)念儀式的一部分，作為一個(gè)中國(guó)人，我有幸體驗(yàn)了這一壯舉。

4月19日，我離開(kāi)代頓回國(guó)，在機(jī)場(chǎng)我遇到了一件難忘的事。一位突襲者的兒子送我一張滿(mǎn)是突襲者簽名的突襲行動(dòng)地圖的復(fù)印件，上面，突襲者子女們又簽上了他們的名字，我希望這件珍貴的紀(jì)念品陳列在衢州將要建成的杜立特突襲紀(jì)念館里。但這張復(fù)印件有些大，已經(jīng)超長(zhǎng)超寬，牢牢地貼在泡沫板上。代頓機(jī)場(chǎng)達(dá)美航空公司的值機(jī)員告訴我，它無(wú)法作為手提行李帶上飛機(jī)。為了能把它帶回來(lái)，我只能破壞完美進(jìn)行折疊。當(dāng)我打開(kāi)包裝時(shí)，值機(jī)員看到地圖畫(huà)面，由衷贊嘆它的漂亮，邊上另兩位值機(jī)員也來(lái)欣賞這件作品。送行的突襲者子女協(xié)會(huì)成員、華裔記者劉美遠(yuǎn)告之說(shuō)，這是杜立特突襲行動(dòng)地圖，上面有突襲者的簽名，準(zhǔn)備帶回中國(guó)陳列在博物館里。于是，值機(jī)員堅(jiān)定地制止我折疊的行為。辛迪（Cyndi）找來(lái)一個(gè)大小合適的紙板箱和塑料袋。賽拉（Celia）把地圖包裝好，貼上好幾個(gè)易碎品標(biāo)簽，并幫我辦好托運(yùn)手續(xù)。而且，這些都是免費(fèi)的。我心里十分感動(dòng)，請(qǐng)她們留下名字，與她們合影留念，感謝她們又為杜立特突襲續(xù)寫(xiě)了一段中美之間美麗的故事。

我相信杜立特突襲當(dāng)年結(jié)下的友誼還會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。

（本文圖片由作者拍攝、提供）

New Ruptured Duck Marks 75th Anniversary of Doolittle Raid

By Zheng Weiyong

April 18， 2017 marked the 75th anniversary of Doolittle Raid on Tokyo during World War Two. The United States， though only 200 plus years old， values its history by celebrating the fine qualities and tradition of its short history. April 18 is the day when America looks back at the heroic raid at Dayton， Ohio.

Thanks to my engagement in the study of Doolittle Raid for many years， I am able to keep a fine relationship with Doolittle Raiders Association and Children of Doolittle Raiders Association. April 2017 saw me attend the annual commemorative event in Dayton for the fourth time.

With the support of the American Air Force， the general public， and business companies， the commemorative event has occurred almost annually and new commemorative events have been added.

On the morning of April 17， 2017， a B-1 bomber in active service was named The Ruptured Duck. Seventy-five years ago， a B-25 bomber nicknamed The Ruptured Duck took part in the Doolittle Raid. On its way back to safety， it crashed on a beach on Nantian Island in Sanmen County， Zhejiang Province， China. The bomber was made famous worldwide in ， a 1944 American war film based on the namesake book by Ted W. Lawson and Robert Considine. I attended the designation ceremony.

On the evening of April 17， I gave a 30-minute presentation in the conference hall of American National Air Force Museum. The 1944 war film revealed to American audience how the raiders survived in China， without giving too many details. The presentation， based on my researches and field studies over years， focused on the crews of four bombers. The PPT displayed where Japanese troupers were and where Chinese resistance forces were， the beach where the bombers crashed， and the safe houses where the airmen stayed， the dangers Americans encountered on their way to safety， Japanese retaliation to the villages and the present status of the historical sites. My presentation was a success. Many audience members came forward shaking my hands and saying the unheard-of stories inspired their patriotism and gave them details concerning the sacrifices China made to save Americans.

I am happy to say that two books I wrote on Doolittle Raid went into the collection of the American Air Force Museum.

On the morning of April 18， I visited the eleven B-25 bombers on the airport of the museum. I was invited to take a look inside Georgies Gal， one of the 11. I asked to take a ride on the memorial flight over the museum in the afternoon. The proposal was gladly accepted. At 1：25， I boarded the bomber. At 1：35， we took off. The 11 bombers first flew to the south. After we reached at the altitude of 1，000 feet， the bombers formed a team and then turned back to fly north. At 2：10， we passed overhead over the museum. Right then， a commemorative ceremony was being held in front of the Doolittle Raid Monument， attended by the 101-year-old Lt. Col. Richard E. Cole， the only remaining survivor of the Doolittle Raiders， the family members of the raiders， the Air Force members and the general public. I was honored to be the only Chinese flying over the ceremony that day.

On April 19 I was ready to fly back to China. I ran into a problem at the airport. I had received a large-sized copy of a map with a lot of signatures of the Doolittle Raiders. The gift was from a son of a Doolittle Raider. The duplicated map also has a lot of signatures of the children of the raiders. I wanted to get the precious memento back to China and put it on display at Doolittle Raid Museum， which is to be completed very soon. But the oversized copy was glued onto a foam board. I was told that the copy didnt qualify as a carry-on luggage. It had to be a check-in luggage and it must be folded. But when I took off the wrap and the map was revealed， the service people working the counter wowed at the beauty of the map. They stopped me from folding it. They found a cardboard box in the right size and a plastic bag. They packed the map and put a “Brittle” label on the box and helped me complete the check-in. I was deeply touched. I firmly believe that the friendship formed between Doolittle Raiders and Chinese people will continue flourishing.endprint