童冬秀??
摘要:語(yǔ)法教學(xué)是英語(yǔ)教學(xué)不可缺少的內(nèi)容。CASES模式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在自然、豐富的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中主動(dòng)探索語(yǔ)法規(guī)律,自主歸納出語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,從而避免了教學(xué)的滿(mǎn)堂灌現(xiàn)象,也幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建了比較完整的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)體系,能在實(shí)踐中正確運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,提高語(yǔ)言輸出質(zhì)量,形成較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)用能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:語(yǔ)境;欣賞;探索;體驗(yàn);分享
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G633.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1992-7711(2017)03-026-2
CASES是Context(語(yǔ)境),Appreciating(欣賞),Seek(探索),Experiencing(體驗(yàn))和Sharing(分享)五個(gè)單詞的首字母,意為在教師創(chuàng)設(shè)的能激發(fā)學(xué)生興趣的語(yǔ)境中,師生、生生進(jìn)行互動(dòng),引導(dǎo)學(xué)生欣賞語(yǔ)言中隱含的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)及其傳遞的語(yǔ)法意義,并讓學(xué)生通過(guò)觀(guān)察或小組討論,探索出語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,然后在訓(xùn)練中進(jìn)行體驗(yàn),增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感,最后通過(guò)口頭交際或書(shū)面表達(dá)分享學(xué)習(xí)成果。CASES模式引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在自然、豐富的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中主動(dòng)探索語(yǔ)法規(guī)律,自主歸納出語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,從而避免了教學(xué)的滿(mǎn)堂灌現(xiàn)象,也幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建了比較完整的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)體系,能在實(shí)踐中正確運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,提高語(yǔ)言輸出質(zhì)量,形成較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)用能力。
在課堂教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)精心設(shè)計(jì)貼近學(xué)生生活的真實(shí)語(yǔ)境,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生運(yùn)用觀(guān)察、討論、研究、合作和交流的方法,在實(shí)踐中學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法,把語(yǔ)法知識(shí)用于實(shí)踐交流中。因此,教師要在“優(yōu)化而不淡化語(yǔ)法教學(xué)”的指導(dǎo)思想下,借助語(yǔ)境,采用“歸納為主,演繹為輔”的教學(xué)策略,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)獲得語(yǔ)法知識(shí),通過(guò)實(shí)踐活動(dòng),形成綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。
英國(guó)著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Dick Allwright在行動(dòng)研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出了以理解語(yǔ)言課堂生活質(zhì)量為宗旨的“探索型實(shí)踐”(Exploratory Practice),其國(guó)內(nèi)外影響正在逐步擴(kuò)大。探索型實(shí)踐是一種教學(xué)研究,它強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)教學(xué)采取綜合性研究并突出創(chuàng)設(shè)真實(shí)的課堂環(huán)境的重要性,讓所有學(xué)生都參與其中,在和諧的環(huán)境中發(fā)展他們的語(yǔ)言能力。筆者在實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》的要求與探索型實(shí)踐的理論,在高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中探索運(yùn)用CASES模式,以達(dá)到在生動(dòng)、具體的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中,讓學(xué)生通過(guò)自己的觀(guān)察,主動(dòng)探索歸納出語(yǔ)法知識(shí),并把語(yǔ)法用于實(shí)踐交流中。
下面,以倒裝句的教學(xué)為例,談?wù)凜ASES模式在高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法教學(xué)中的具體運(yùn)用。
一、展示語(yǔ)境
熱身階段,筆者通過(guò)PPT呈現(xiàn)一則閱讀文本,拉開(kāi)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)的序幕。文本如:
Oh no, not again
People from all over the world sat silently in the Shooting Hall. Here came Emmons, the Athens loser. He fired. The target was right this time.
However, the people stood up with a scream. Hardly could people believe their eyes. He only got 44 and fell to the fourth.
Never did Emmons expect it. In no time did he freeze. This unlucky guy, Emmons was leading the moment ago. Not until the last shot did he lose.
Gone was the gold. So was the silver. Even the bronze... So depressed was he that he came up to his wife. He couldnt accept it. Nor could his wife. She did nothing but hug him deeply.
Fortunately, he missed the gold, but not love.
[評(píng)析] 上課伊始,利用一則有關(guān)體育的閱讀文本吸引學(xué)生的興趣,并且此文本含有不同形式的倒裝句式,為倒裝句教學(xué)創(chuàng)設(shè)了語(yǔ)境,也為學(xué)生接下來(lái)積極、有效地參與課堂活動(dòng)做好了鋪墊。
二、欣賞和感悟
學(xué)生看完文本后,教師要求他們找出文中出現(xiàn)的倒裝句。學(xué)生很快發(fā)現(xiàn)并找出了各種倒裝句式,然后教師在幻燈片上進(jìn)行呈現(xiàn)。接著,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生欣賞倒裝句的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)并領(lǐng)悟其意義。最后,要求學(xué)生把找出的倒裝句轉(zhuǎn)變成正常語(yǔ)序的句子,加深學(xué)生對(duì)倒裝句的理解和認(rèn)知。
① Here came Emmons, the Athens loser.
② Hardly could people believe their eyes
③ Never did Emmons expect it.
④ In no time did he freeze
⑤ Not until the last shot did he lose.
⑥ Gone was the gold.
⑦ So was the silver.
⑧ So depressed was he that he came up to his wife.
⑨ Nor could his wife.
① Emmons, the Athens loser came here.
② People could hardly believe their eyes
③ Emmons never expected it.
④ He froze in no time.
⑤ He did not lose until the last shot.
⑥ The gold was gone.
⑦ The silver was gone too.
⑧ He was so depressed that he came up to his wife.
⑨ His wife couldnt accept it either
[評(píng)析] 在學(xué)生找出倒裝句后,讓學(xué)生比較正常語(yǔ)序的句子和倒裝句,既肯定了學(xué)生的發(fā)現(xiàn),又讓學(xué)生對(duì)倒裝句留下了深刻印象。
三、探索和探究
在學(xué)生比較了正常語(yǔ)序的句子和倒裝句后,教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生探究倒裝句及正常語(yǔ)序句子的不同結(jié)構(gòu)及完全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種不同形式倒裝句的特點(diǎn)。