An Article of Argument

楊立軍

自從20世紀(jì)50年代以來，動物克隆不斷取得進(jìn)展，青蛙、老鼠先后被成功克隆。1996年，克隆羊“多莉”出世，野牛、貓、狗等也先后被克隆。動物克隆是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的表現(xiàn)，具有很大的醫(yī)學(xué)價值。但是，克隆動物仍有諸多問題，引起了許多異議。你本人也對動物克隆有許多擔(dān)心。請根據(jù)所學(xué)知識，以An article of argument為題寫一篇100字左右的短文陳述自己的觀點。

[寫作策劃]

1. 文體特征。從題目要求可以看出，我應(yīng)根據(jù)所學(xué)的克隆知識寫一篇辯論性短文，即論說文。因此，必須做到“先提出觀點，然后逐步論證，最后歸納總結(jié)，有效結(jié)論”。

2. 人稱特征。素材要求寫出“你本人也對動物克隆有許多擔(dān)心”，可能會用到第一人稱I，但是不宜多用，否則顯得過于主觀；應(yīng)以第三人稱為主。

3. 時態(tài)特征。觀點陳述部分宜用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，列舉實例部分宜用過去時態(tài)，而推理部分應(yīng)用將來時態(tài)。

4. 寫作重點。素材要求寫出“你本人也對動物克隆有許多擔(dān)心”，所以這個部分應(yīng)該以“動物克隆已經(jīng)帶來和可能帶來的問題”為主。動物克隆的好處順帶略寫，顯得公正、客觀。

5. 亮點策劃。遵循議論文“立論、論證、結(jié)論”的三段式規(guī)律；總論點和分論點明確，論證過程清晰有力；有目的地選擇克隆現(xiàn)有動物、克隆滅絕的動物和克隆人這三種情況存在的問題，使自己的觀點更科學(xué)、更具有代表性；用好連詞，過渡自然；“動物克隆”是一個科學(xué)話題，注意用好專業(yè)詞匯和相應(yīng)的表達(dá)方式，語言不能過于口語化；因“動物克隆”這個課題目前還處于探討爭論階段，會有一些推理陳述，用好虛擬語氣會增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果。

習(xí)作1

With the development of cloning technology， more and more animals have been successfully cloned， which is a sign of high-technology and very beneficial to us human beings， especially to curing terrible diseases.

But each coin has its two sides. As far as I am concerned， there also exist some problems. First of all， Cloned animals may get ill and even die easily.That is why Dolly the sheep just lived half as long. Secondly， it is of little use to cloning extinct animals， because there isnt a natural habitat they need. What is worse， there are moral problems because cloning technology may be used to produce human beings. Its really difficult for us to tell the relationship between the cloned persons and the original ones， and some evil leaders may clone themselves to attain their ambitions.

In a word， cloning animals may not only break the balance of nature， but also destroy the harmony of society. Valuable as cloning is， but we must make laws to prevent it from being abused.

亮點賞析

1. 全文分段合理，層次分明，過渡自然，詳略得當(dāng)；語言流暢，表達(dá)專業(yè)、地道；“立論、論證、結(jié)論”清晰有序，佐證有力；分論點和例證有代表性，說服力強(qiáng)。

2. But each coin has its two sides. As far as I am concerned， there also exist some problems是一個很好的過渡句，既有格言，又恰如其分地使用了兩個好句型：as far as I am concerned （表達(dá)個人主觀看法），there also exist（體現(xiàn)客觀存在）。

3. 第一段既是背景交代，也客觀體現(xiàn)出克隆動物的好處；First of all，Secondly，What is worse，In a word貫穿全文，體現(xiàn)出清晰的思路。使用What is worse，而不用thirdly， 效果更佳，說明這是一個更令人擔(dān)憂的問題。

4. 最后一段的總結(jié)、結(jié)論很好，能夠上升到自然平衡和社會和諧的高度；we must make laws to prevent it from being abused作為結(jié)束語，層次很高；prevent it from being abused既是好短語，又能體現(xiàn)作者的結(jié)論是理性的，起到了錦上添花的效果。

瑕疵探討

1. it is of little use to cloning extinct animals中，it是形式主語，to cloning應(yīng)改為to clone（不定式短語作真正的主語）。

2. Valuable as cloning is， but we must make laws to prevent it from being abused.句中的but應(yīng)去掉，因為前面使用了as（盡管）。

習(xí)作2

Nowadays， animal-cloning has become a hot topic. Opinions are different from person to person. Im afraid that I am object to animal-cloning and my reasons are as follows.

Firstly， animal-cloning is just a reproduction， with the animals bad character copied. That is why Dolly the sheep just lived about six and a half years， half of the length of life of the original one. Secondly， it would be useless to clone any extinct animals if we couldnt provide the natural habitat， which is of essential importance for the cloned animals to live in. Besides， animal-cloning would arouse some moral problems if cloning technology were used to produce human beings， and some evil leaders might clone themselves to do something illegal.

All in all， there remain to be many problems to be solved. We need to develop our legal system to limit animal-cloning， otherwise it might bring us much trouble even great damage.

亮點賞析

1. 全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排合理，觀點明確，論證有力；三方面例證典型、客觀、科學(xué)，說服力很強(qiáng)。

2. 第一段明確亮出自己“不支持克隆動物”的觀點，文中的has become a hot topic與Opinions are different from person to person呼應(yīng)，也為提出自己的觀點埋下伏筆。但是如能用一句話肯定克隆動物的益處，會顯得更加嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、客觀。

3. 文中恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧颂摂M語氣，如it would be useless to clone any extinct animals if we couldnt provide the natural habitat，又如Besides， animal-cloning would arouse some moral problems if cloning technology were used to produce human beings，再如We need to develop our legal system to limit animal-cloning， otherwise it might bring us much trouble even great damage，這三句成為全文最大的特點和亮點，也顯示出作者較深的英語文句功力。

瑕疵探討

1. Im afraid that I am object to animal-cloning and my reasons are as follows.中的am應(yīng)去掉，因為object to是一個動詞短語。

2. All in all， there remain to be many problems to be solved.中的to be應(yīng)去掉，因為there remain就相當(dāng)于there are。

范文

Since 1950s， more and more animals have been successfully cloned， including frogs， mice， cats and so on. That marks a fast development of science and means serious diseases would be cured. But in my point of view， there are also some problems.

Firstly， animal cloning usually means a dead end and weakens the species. Dolly the sheep was “middle-aged” when she was born because her DNA came from a middle-aged “mother”. Cloning also means less variety of species， so the animals with the same DNA may not be able to resist illness and may die out.

Secondly， it would be useless to clone any extinct animals if there wouldnt be the natural habitat， which is the most important. We cannot clone animals that became extinct 10，000 years ago， let alone clone dinosaurs that disappeared 65，000，000 years ago.

What is worse， animal-cloning would arouse some moral problems if cloning technology were used to produce human beings， and some evil leaders might clone themselves to do something illegal.

All in all， animal-cloning means not only much benefit but also great trouble. We need to develop our legal system to prevent it from being abused.