Abstracts of Main Essays

DAI Mao-tang，XIE Jia-jian

Study on the Factivity of Knowledge：Presupposition vs.Pragmatic Implicature

XU Zhao-qing

On the Entrepreneurial System Features of Hanyang Iron&Steel Plant at Its Early Stage

ZHANG Zhong-min

New Perspective of Karl Marx’s Concept of Community in Modern Context

LI Yong-jie，JIN Shu-jun

Analysis on the Construction of Prosecutorial Accountability from the Perspective of Prosecutorial Power Essence

CUI Yong-dong，LI Zhen-yong

On the Challenges and Solutions of Comprehensive Reform of National College Entrance Examinations

ZHANG Ya-qun，LIU Cui

Study on the Influence of Chinese Export Credit Insurance on Export Trading in Different Economic Regions

ZHANG Tian-xiang，GUAN Jing

s of Main Essays

Analysis on the Theoretical Predicament of Modern Chinese Ethics

DAI Mao-tang，XIE Jia-jian

The predicament in real life can be understood as the logic consequence of the theoretical predicament of contemporary Chinese ethics which is typically expressed as objectivism in ontology，scientism in epistemology，prescriptivism in methodology，and pragmatism in teleology.The objectivism in ontology regards moral good and vice as objective entity independent of man，In order to transcend the objectivism in ontology，we have to connect morality with liberty of human being and defend the liberal foundation for morality.Scientism in epistemology tries to present moral facts from the perspective of scientific model，focuses on the construction of the scientific knowledge system，and finally will come to the scientific position of ethics.In order to transcend the scientism in epistemology，we have to be guided by the perspective of axiology and introspect the tendency of ethics and build the value foundation of morality.Prescriptivism in methodology holds that ethics is a kind of normative science，morality is a prescriptive system which is constituted by moral principles and rules which can guide everyone to moral goodness.In order to transcend prescriptivism in methodology，we have to set up the perspective of virtue ethics and find the inner support of virtue. Pragmatism in teleology holds that ethics as “practical science”is an all-round moral instrument，which degrades applied ethics as ethical application.In order to transcend pragmatism in teleology，we have to point out that the practical wisdom of ethics lies in finding the universal rules of life，exciting the significance and value of life and helping the man pursue good life.

Study on the Factivity of Knowledge：Presupposition vs.Pragmatic Implicature

XU Zhao-qing

Knowledge is factive；but two senses of “factuality：should be distinguished，namely，the implication account and the presupposition account.While the former takes the truth of P as a necessary requirement for “S knows that P”，the latter takes it further as a presupposition for “S does not know that P”.In fact，“S does not know that P”only “pragmatically implicates”P in certain contexts，rather than presupposes P.After abandoning the presupposition account，we can identify a new type of skeptical conclusion-middle skepticism，which is the most common skepticism in the literature of epistemology；moreover，if we explicitly express the outer skepticism as “P but S does not know that P”，then the notorious Gettier problem can also be viewed as an instance of outer skepticism.

On the Entrepreneurial System Features of Hanyang Iron&Steel Plant at Its Early Stage

ZHANG Zhong-min

Hanyang Iron Works（HIW）was set up and managed by Zhang Zhidong，a renowned governor，under the special permission.In its early period，due to the lack of sustainable financial allocations，the stock and creditor's rights in HIW were ill-defined.In the management and administration，the governor was in absolute control.What's more，the chaos occurred due to the multimanagement and administration systems by the foreign experts，local government and managers.In the financial accounting and distribution system，the government did not implement the customary financial policy in a real sense.It is much more difficult to build a modern factory system or a modern enterprise system than to build a modern factory in the sense of technology and equipment in modern China.

New Perspective of Karl Marx’s Concept of Community in Modern Context

LI Yong-jie，JIN Shu-jun

Community is an important conception in Marx’s thought，which frequently appears in the chapter of the Feuerbach in“German Ideology”，such as“natural community”，“imaginary community”and“real community”.In the notes of ancient social history in his later years，Marx expounded some basic features of ancient society in detail.The concept of community，as animportant research field，includes wide problem domain，such as，individual and community，community and the division of labor，community and ownership，community and alienation，human freedom，community and civil society and so on.This category also contains profound ideological implications.It is a new perspective to observe human history and reflecting the degree of freedom and liberation of man.

Analysis on the Construction of Prosecutorial Accountability from the Perspective of Prosecutorial Power Essence

CUI Yong-dong，LI Zhen-yong

The improvement of the prosecutorial accountability is a significant part of the judicial accountability reform.The early development of the judicial accountability shows the important association between the attributes of the power and the accountabilities.The nature of the prosecutorial accountability is determined by the unique attribute of the prosecutorial power. The prosecutorial independence and the prosecutorial integration are among the most vital principles in the judicial practice，which produces profound effect on the building process of the prosecutorial accountability.The prosecutorial independence is a sort of relative independence within the framework of the prosecutorial integration.As an institutional innovation of the judicial accountability reform，the accountability，which is established by the Schedule of Responsibility and rely on the nature of the prosecutorial power in China，makes a strenuous response to top-level design with a strong understanding of the connection between the prosecutorial independence and the prosecutorial integration.The prosecutorial accountability is well constructed but only if the clarification of the attribute of the prosecutorial power is a must.

On the Challenges and Solutions of Comprehensive Reform of National College Entrance Examinations

ZHANG Ya-qun，LIU Cui

The comprehensive reform of College Entrance Examination with the enrollment standards of“two bases and one reference”will have a broad impact for basic education and college enrollment.Though the College Entrance Examination will change from centralization to decentralization and the enrollment standards will change from oneness to diversification，the competitive pressure of learning and applying for elite college will not change.The full implementation of the new college entrance examination will transform the training objectives，educational evaluation and teaching and learning mode of ordinary high school and the enrollment and personnel training mode of college.It will put forward requirements on implementation of the test organization and enrollment management.It is necessary to coordinate the relationship between senior high school education and proficiency test，to strengthen the connection between high school education and college enrollment，to promote the transformation of high school education，and to improve the educational evaluation methods in order to deal with the new challenges of college entrance examination.

Study on the Influence of Chinese Export Credit Insurance on Export Trading in Different Economic Regions

ZHANG Tian-xiang，GUAN Jing

The export credit insurance is a public-policy-oriented insurance business carried out by the government in order to promote export trade.In this paper，we estimate a Time Series Model and a Fixed Effect Regression LSDV Model of export credit insurance and gross export in China and eight economic regions using data of gross export and other economic indicators like GDP，per capita disposable income，the actual FDI，imports，political risks and exchange rate risk from 2002 to 2014.We reach the conclusion that gross export in nation and eight economic regions can be both promoted significantly by using the export credit insurance，however，there is heterogeneity in different economic regions，and this impact of southeast coastal areas is significantly higher than other economic regions.This provides a basis for making policy to harmonize the development of export credit insurance in the eight economic regions and strengthen the construction of export credit insurance policy.