黃慶波 馬鑫 王保軍 鞏會(huì)杰 李世超 劉啟明 李宏召 董雋 朱捷 張旭
1中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院泌尿外科 中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院腎臟疾病國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 100853 北京
論 著
機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)治療同時(shí)性雙側(cè)腎腫瘤:策略與療效分析
黃慶波1馬鑫1王保軍1鞏會(huì)杰1李世超1劉啟明1李宏召1董雋1朱捷1張旭1
1中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院泌尿外科 中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院腎臟疾病國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 100853 北京
目的:初步探討機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)分期治療同時(shí)性雙側(cè)腎腫瘤的安全性和可行性。方法:回顧性分析2013年6月~2016年5月采用機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)治療的21例同時(shí)性雙側(cè)腎腫瘤的療效分析患者的臨床資料。男20例,女1例,年齡39~67歲,平均52歲。腫瘤直徑2.0~4.0 cm,平均3.34 cm。術(shù)前CT/MRI檢查顯示雙腎腫瘤。所有手術(shù)均分期進(jìn)行,綜合患者一般情況以及腫瘤特征選擇序貫手術(shù)方案,其中至少一側(cè)行機(jī)器人保留腎單位手術(shù)。手術(shù)方法包括后腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)/根治術(shù),機(jī)器人經(jīng)腹腔/后腹腔腎部分切除術(shù)以及腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注下機(jī)器人腎部分切除術(shù)。結(jié)果:本組21例患者42側(cè)手術(shù)均順利完成。38側(cè)行腎部分切除術(shù),其中28側(cè)為機(jī)器人手術(shù),10側(cè)行后腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù),5側(cè)行腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù),1側(cè)行后腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù),4側(cè)因腫瘤分期高而行后腹腔鏡腎癌根治術(shù)。手術(shù)時(shí)間60~240 min,平均135.3 min。腎動(dòng)脈熱缺血時(shí)間8~45 min,平均21.9 min。6側(cè)腎動(dòng)脈冷缺血時(shí)間45~120 min,平均65 min,出血量20~1 300 ml,平均144.8ml。術(shù)后住院時(shí)間4~13 d,平均6.5 d。術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間1~4 d,平均2 d。術(shù)后病理診斷:39例為腎透明細(xì)胞癌,1例為嫌色細(xì)胞瘤,2例乳頭狀細(xì)胞瘤。術(shù)前肌酐63.5~193.7 μmol/L,平均93.0 μmol/L,術(shù)后肌酐70.1~258.4 μmol/L,平均124.9 μmol/L,兩者差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,無一例患者術(shù)后行透析治療。隨訪3~36個(gè)月(中位值23.5個(gè)月),無腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)及轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生。結(jié)論:機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡下腎部分切除術(shù)充分利用了機(jī)器人手術(shù)術(shù)野清晰、操作精細(xì)的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì),分期治療同時(shí)性雙側(cè)腎腫瘤是安全、可行、有效的方法。該術(shù)式對(duì)腎功能保留良好,近期腫瘤控制效果滿意,遠(yuǎn)期療效有待進(jìn)一步增加例數(shù)并觀察。
腎腫瘤;雙側(cè)腎腫瘤;保留腎單位手術(shù);腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注;機(jī)器人腹腔鏡技術(shù)
腹腔鏡下腎部分切除術(shù)已經(jīng)成為治療直徑小于4 cm腎腫瘤的“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)治療方案”[1]。雙側(cè)腎腫瘤是保留腎單位手術(shù)的絕對(duì)適應(yīng)證,但是相當(dāng)一部分為復(fù)雜性腫瘤,如完全內(nèi)生型腎腫瘤、腎門腫瘤,巨大腫瘤,其手術(shù)難度大,而且術(shù)中熱缺血時(shí)間窗有限,對(duì)此類腫瘤行保留腎單位手術(shù)對(duì)術(shù)者腹腔鏡操作技術(shù)要求非常高。機(jī)器人的應(yīng)用極大地促進(jìn)了腹腔鏡技術(shù)的發(fā)展,采用機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡技術(shù)治療雙腎腫瘤也屢見報(bào)道[2, 3],但病例數(shù)較少,且是否同期處理,目前尚存在爭(zhēng)議[4~6]。中國(guó)人民解放軍總醫(yī)院泌尿外科從2013年6月~2016年5月采用機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)分期治療同時(shí)性雙側(cè)腎腫瘤21例,近期效果滿意,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1 臨床資料
本組雙側(cè)腎腫瘤患者21例,男20例,女1例,年齡39~67歲,平均52歲。體質(zhì)指數(shù)20.7~31.7 kg/m2,平均26.33 kg/m2。術(shù)前行磁共振提示雙側(cè)腎臟腫瘤,根據(jù)腫瘤特征,行雙側(cè)保留腎單位手術(shù)(圖1)或一側(cè)保留腎單位手術(shù)另一側(cè)行腎癌根治術(shù)(圖2);行腎血管CT重建了解腎動(dòng)脈分支情況,行大腎圖ECT評(píng)估術(shù)前分腎功能,肌酐評(píng)估總腎功能。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
21例患者均行分期手術(shù),兩次手術(shù)間隔約1個(gè)月。根據(jù)患者一般情況及腫瘤特征可選擇:①腎癌根治序貫?zāi)I部分切除術(shù),②腎部分切除術(shù)序貫?zāi)I癌根治術(shù),③腎部分切除術(shù)序貫?zāi)I部分切除術(shù)。根據(jù)腫瘤位置可選擇經(jīng)腹腔途徑(圖3-1)、經(jīng)后腹腔途徑(圖3-2),如果腫瘤較為復(fù)雜,可在腎部分切之前行動(dòng)脈球囊導(dǎo)管置入后行腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注下機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)(圖3-3)。
腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注技術(shù)[7, 8]:術(shù)前在介入放射科經(jīng)股動(dòng)脈穿刺留置腎動(dòng)脈球囊導(dǎo)管,術(shù)中球囊阻斷患腎動(dòng)脈,Bulldog在近心端阻斷腎靜脈,開放生殖靜脈(左)或剪開腎靜脈(右)建立流出道,經(jīng)腎動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管灌注4℃林格氏液,降低腎實(shí)質(zhì)的溫度,采用術(shù)中超聲探測(cè)腎腫瘤位置及邊界,沿標(biāo)記線切開腎實(shí)質(zhì),在腫瘤假包膜外游離并完整剝離腫瘤,分兩層縫合創(chuàng)緣,如損傷血管或集合系統(tǒng)則單獨(dú)重建。
A:術(shù)前腎臟MRI提示雙腎多發(fā)腫瘤(冠狀位);B:腎臟MRI提示雙腎多發(fā)腫瘤(軸位);C:左腎行腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)1個(gè)月后MRI圖像;D:右腎行腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)半年后復(fù)查腹部CT圖像。
圖1 雙腎多發(fā)腫瘤行機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡雙側(cè)保留腎單位手術(shù)
A:術(shù)前腎臟MRI提示雙腎腫瘤,右側(cè)多發(fā)腫瘤(冠狀位);B:腎臟MRI提示雙腎腫瘤,左腎腎門腫瘤(軸位);C:右腎行機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)1個(gè)月后復(fù)查腹部CT圖像;D:左腎行后腹腔鏡根治性切除術(shù)后半年后復(fù)查腎臟MRI圖像。
圖2 雙腎腫瘤行機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)序貫后腹腔鏡腎癌根治術(shù)
A:完整切除腫瘤;B:精準(zhǔn)縫合腎臟創(chuàng)面。
圖3-1 經(jīng)腹腔途徑機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)
A:完整切除腫瘤;B:精準(zhǔn)縫合腎臟創(chuàng)面。
圖3-2 經(jīng)后腹腔途徑機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)
A:處理多發(fā)腫瘤;B術(shù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤衛(wèi)星灶。
圖3-3 腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡保留腎單位手術(shù)
1.3 術(shù)后處理及隨訪
術(shù)后觀察生命體征及后腹腔引流情況,復(fù)查血常規(guī)及血生化。術(shù)后第1天可下床活動(dòng)。腹腔引流量連續(xù)48 h小于200 ml,除外漏尿情況,可拔管。術(shù)后3個(gè)月復(fù)查腎臟CT或(和)超聲、總腎功能及分腎功能,此后每3~6個(gè)月行腎臟增強(qiáng)CT/MRI檢查。
本組21例患者42側(cè)手術(shù)均順利完成。38側(cè)腎部分切除術(shù),其中28側(cè)為機(jī)器人手術(shù)(5側(cè)為腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)),10側(cè)行后腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)(其中1側(cè)腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注后腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)),4側(cè)因腫瘤分期高而行后腹腔鏡腎癌根治術(shù)。手術(shù)時(shí)間60~240 min,平均135.3 min。腎動(dòng)脈熱缺血時(shí)間8~45 min,平均21.9 min。6側(cè)腎動(dòng)脈冷缺血時(shí)間45~120 min,平均65 min,出血量20~1 300 ml,平均144.8 ml。術(shù)后住院4~13 d,平均6.5 d。術(shù)后進(jìn)食時(shí)間1~4 d,平均2 d。術(shù)后病理診斷:39例為腎透明細(xì)胞癌,1例為嫌色細(xì)胞瘤,2例乳頭狀細(xì)胞瘤。術(shù)前肌酐63.5~193.7 μmol/L,平均93.0 μmol/L,術(shù)后肌酐70.1~258.4 μmol/L,平均124.9 μmol/L,兩者差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,無一例患者術(shù)后行透析治療。隨訪3~36個(gè)月(中位值23.5個(gè)月),1側(cè)切緣陽性,無腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)及轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生。
雙側(cè)腎腫瘤是保留腎單位手術(shù)的絕對(duì)適應(yīng)證,因?yàn)閷?duì)雙側(cè)腎腫瘤采取根治性切除后需終身腎替代治療,由此導(dǎo)致的心血管事件及死亡的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[9],有學(xué)者甚至認(rèn)為根治性切除后行腎替代治療的患者比部分腎切除術(shù)患者的生存期要短[10]。對(duì)于雙腎腫瘤目前提倡分期處理,原因是同期處理增加急性腎功能不全及透析的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[6, 11],另外分期手術(shù)可以根據(jù)第一次手術(shù)的病理結(jié)果及腎功能保留情況制定第二次手術(shù)的策略。我們傾向于先處理腫瘤負(fù)荷重、手術(shù)較復(fù)雜的一側(cè),由于有了腎功能儲(chǔ)備,為術(shù)者處理出現(xiàn)術(shù)后出血及漏尿等并發(fā)癥留取更多選擇空間[6]。前期研究表明,分期處理雙腎腫瘤更加安全,更好得保留腎功能,并發(fā)癥少[12, 13]。
同時(shí)性雙腎腫瘤與多發(fā)腫瘤關(guān)系密切,據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)有54%的雙腎腫瘤為多中心腫瘤[14],而90%多中心腎癌累及雙側(cè)[15]。由于擔(dān)心腫瘤復(fù)發(fā),大部分外科醫(yī)生在擬行保留腎單位的手術(shù)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)腫瘤多發(fā)而改為了腎癌根治術(shù)。其主要原因是根治性切除術(shù)可能大大降低發(fā)生局部復(fù)發(fā)及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。但一系列研究表明多灶性腎癌與單病灶腎癌患者行保留腎單位手術(shù)后二者腫瘤學(xué)預(yù)后相當(dāng),說明腫瘤的多灶性并未增加局部復(fù)發(fā)及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[16, 17]。本組病例中有4例存在雙側(cè)多發(fā)腫瘤,均在機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡下行保留腎單位手術(shù),由于估計(jì)如缺血時(shí)間過長(zhǎng),其中3側(cè)在腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注下完成(影像資料見圖1,手術(shù)過程如圖3-3A)。與普通腹腔鏡相比,機(jī)器人具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì):裸眼3D高清視野、解剖更加精細(xì),減少副損傷;七個(gè)自由度的靈活機(jī)械手腕、減少操作死角,降低縫合難度,操作更為精準(zhǔn)。采用機(jī)器人完成保留腎單位手術(shù),可減少熱缺血時(shí)間,減少切緣陽性率、衛(wèi)星灶殘留及術(shù)后出血、漏尿等并發(fā)癥,避免過多切除腎實(shí)質(zhì)及盲目地縫合對(duì)腎實(shí)質(zhì)造成的損傷[18, 19]。對(duì)于腎門腫瘤,中心性腫瘤以及多發(fā)腫瘤,估計(jì)熱缺血時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),我們團(tuán)隊(duì)采用腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注技術(shù)。研究表明動(dòng)脈冷灌注腎缺血時(shí)間小于120 min,腎臟損傷是暫時(shí)和可逆的,腎部分切術(shù)后腎功能無明顯改變[18]。本組病例平均腎缺血時(shí)間為1 h,術(shù)后復(fù)查腎功能輕度降低。另外腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注液體沖洗腎血管,既保持術(shù)野清晰,顯露熱缺血手術(shù)無法發(fā)現(xiàn)的腫瘤微小衛(wèi)星灶(圖3-3B);顯露并及時(shí)夾閉損傷的小動(dòng)脈減少術(shù)后出血的發(fā)生率,還可以防止小血管內(nèi)血栓形成造成腎單位的丟失。本組21側(cè)患者術(shù)后均未發(fā)生腎衰竭,也未發(fā)現(xiàn)局部復(fù)發(fā)及遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,但隨訪時(shí)間較短,樣本量較小,遠(yuǎn)期療效有待進(jìn)一步增加例數(shù)并觀察。
由于器械及手術(shù)技術(shù)發(fā)展,特別是機(jī)器人時(shí)代的來臨,保留腎單位手術(shù)在技術(shù)上已經(jīng)可以攻克,本組病例采用機(jī)器人完成手術(shù)28側(cè),根據(jù)腫瘤位置可選擇經(jīng)腹腔途徑或經(jīng)后腹腔途徑,其中經(jīng)腹腔途徑機(jī)器人手術(shù)18側(cè),經(jīng)后腹腔途徑機(jī)器人手術(shù)9側(cè),腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注5側(cè),全部患者術(shù)后保留了腎功能,避免了終身透析或腎移植替代所帶來的痛苦。但是如果腫瘤分期過高,T3或以上的腫瘤行保留腎單位手術(shù)值得商榷,應(yīng)根據(jù)對(duì)側(cè)腎腫瘤行保留腎功能難度決定是否行根治性切除術(shù)。本組4例患者先行保留腎單位手術(shù),恢復(fù)1個(gè)月后再行對(duì)側(cè)腎癌根治術(shù)(圖2),術(shù)后患者腎功能基本正常,無患者行透析治療。
總之,機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)分期治療雙側(cè)腎腫瘤是安全可行的,根據(jù)腫瘤位置可選用經(jīng)腹腔或經(jīng)后腹腔途徑,如估計(jì)動(dòng)脈阻斷時(shí)間過長(zhǎng),可行腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注減少缺血對(duì)腎功能的損傷。
[1]Ljungberg B, Bensalah K, Canfield S, et al. Eau guidelines on renal cell carcinoma: 2014 update. Eur Urol, 2015,67(5):913-924.
[2]Jung JH, Arkoncel FR, Lee JW, et al. Initial clinical experience of simultaneous robot-assisted bilateral partial nephrectomy and radical prostatectomy. Yonsei Med J, 2012,53(1):236-239.
[3]Hillyer SP, Autorino R, Laydner H, et al. Robotic versus laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for bilateral synchronous kidney tumors: Single-institution comparative analysis. Urology, 2011,78(4):808-812.
[4]Blute ML, Amling CL, Bryant SC, et al. Management and extended outcome of patients with synchronous bilateral solid renal neoplasms in the absence of von hippel-lindau disease. Mayo Clin Proc, 2000,75(10):1020-1026.
[5]Boorjian SA, Crispen PL, Lohse CM, et al. The impact of temporal presentation on clinical and pathological outcomes for patients with sporadic bilateral renal masses. Eur Urol, 2008,54(4):855-863.
[6]Phelan MW. Small renal mass with contralateral large renal mass: Remove large renal mass first in staged fashion. Pro. J Urol, 2012,188(1):18-19.
[7]馬鑫,黃慶波,劉啟明,等.腎動(dòng)脈低溫灌注機(jī)器人輔助腹腔鏡下腎部分切除術(shù)治療完全內(nèi)生型腎腫瘤的療效分析.中華泌尿外科雜志,2016,37(10):721-725.
[8]馬鑫,鄭濤,史濤坪,等.腎血管低溫灌注下后腹腔鏡腎部分切除術(shù)處理2例復(fù)雜左側(cè)腎腫瘤.微創(chuàng)泌尿外科雜志,2013,2(3):222-224.
[9]Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med, 2004,351(13):1296-1305.
[10]Huang WC, Levey AS, Serio AM, et al. Chronic kidney disease after nephrectomy in patients with renal cortical tumours: A retrospective cohort study. Lancet Oncol, 2006,7(9):735-740.
[11]Funahashi Y, Hattori R, Yamamoto T, et al. Relationship between renal parenchymal volume and single kidney glomerular filtration rate before and after unilateral nephrectomy. Urology, 2011,77(6):1404-1408.
[12]Wang B, Gong H, Zhang X, et al. Bilateral synchronous sporadic renal cell carcinoma: Retroperitoneoscopic strategies and intermediate outcomes of 60 patients. PLoS One, 2016,11(5):e0154578.
[13]鞏會(huì)杰,王保軍,張旭,等.散發(fā)性雙腎癌的臨床病理特征及手術(shù)療效分析.中華泌尿外科雜志, 2015,36(4):249-253.
[14]Krambeck A, Iwaszko M, Leibovich B, et al. Long-term outcome of multiple ipsilateral renal tumours found at the time of planned nephron-sparing surgery. BJU Int, 2008,101(11):1375-1379.
[15]Wunderlich H, Schlichter A, Zermann D, et al. Multifocality in renal cell carcinoma: A bilateral event? Urol Int, 1999,63(3):160-163.
[16]Crispen PL, Lohse CM, Blute ML. Multifocal renal cell carcinoma: Clinicopathologic features and outcomes for tumors =4 cm. Adv Urol, 2008:518091.
[17]Richstone L, Scherr DS, Reuter VR, et al. Multifocal renal cortical tumors: Frequency, associated clinicopathological features and impact on survival. J Urol, 2004,171(2 Pt 1):615-620.
[18]Becker F, Van Poppel H, Hakenberg OW, et al. Assessing the impact of ischaemia time during partial nephrectomy. Eur Urol, 2009,56(4):625-634.
[19]Simmons MN, Hillyer SP, Lee BH, et al. Functional recovery after partial nephrectomy: Effects of volume loss and ischemic injury. J Urol, 2012,187(5):1667-1673.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for bilateral synchronous sporadic renal tumor: the strategy and outcome
HuangQingbo1MaXin1WangBaojun1GongHuijie1LiShicao1LiuQiming1LiHongzhao1DongJun1ZhuJie1ZhangXu1
(1Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China)
Corresponding author: Zhang Xu, xzhang@foxmail.com
Objective: To investigate the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery for bilateral synchronous sporadic renal tumors. Methods: During June 2013 to May 2016, a total of 21 cases
kidney neoplasms; bilateral renal tumor; nephron sparing surgery; renal artery cold perfusion; robot-assisted laparoscopic technique
張旭,xzhang@foxmail.com
2016-12-22
R737.11
A
10.19558/j.cnki.10-1020/r.2017.01.004
國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863 計(jì)劃)(2014AA020607);吳階平醫(yī)學(xué)基金會(huì)臨床科研專項(xiàng)資助基金(320.6750.15228)
of bilateral synchronous sporadic renal cell carcinoma who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery were retrospectively studied. These included 20 males and 1 female with a mean age of 52.0 years old (rang from 39 to 67 years old). The average tumor size was 3.34 cm (rang from 2.0 to 4.0 cm). Pre-operative CT scan or MRI scan showed patients suffered bilateral synchronous sporadic renal tumors. All patients underwent bilateral surgeries in staged procedures according to the patients conditions and tumor characteristics, and every case at least receipted once robot-assisted laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery. The surgical techniques including retroperitoneal partial or radical nephrectomy, trans/retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and renal artery cold perfusion robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Results: Forty-two operations on the 21 patients were all successfully performed. There were 38 cases of partial nephrectomy, including 28 cases of robotic and 10 cases of retroperitoneal laparoscopic. 5 cases robotic and one case retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy applied renal artery cold perfusion technique. 4 cases underwent retroperitoneal radical nephrectomy owing to high tumor stage. The mean operation time was 135.3 min (rang from 60 to 240 min). The mean warm ischemia time was 21.9 min (rang from 8 to 45 min) and the mean cold ischemia time for 6 cases of renal artery cold perfusion robotic laparoscopic partial nephrectomy was 65 min (rang from 45 to 120 min). The mean estimated blood loss was144.8 mL (rang from 20 to 1 300 mL). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.5 days (rang from 4 to 13 days), and the mean postoperative fasting time was 2 days (rang from 1 to 4 days). The pathological diagnosis confirmed 39 cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and one cases of chromophobe and 2 cases of papillary renal cell carcinoma. The mean pre-operative creatinine was 93.0 μmoL/L (rang from 63.5 to 193.7 μmoL/L). The mean post-operative creatinine was124.9 μmoL/L(rang from 70.1 to 258.4 μmoL/L), slightly higher than the preoperative value without significant difference. No dialysis were needed. No recurrence or metastasis was observed during a median follow-up of 23.5 moths (rang from 3 to 36) moths months. Conclusions: Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy take the advantage of enhancing surgical visualization and precision of robotic surgery. It is safe and feasible to use this technique for bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma. Its tumor control and renal function reservation are satisfactory in short term results. However, further investigation with a larger population group and longer follow up were required.