氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死濃度對(duì)桃蚜生長(zhǎng)和繁殖的影響

王澤華，范佳敏，陳金翠，宮亞軍，魏書軍

（北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院植物保護(hù)環(huán)境保護(hù)研究所，北京 100097）

氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死濃度對(duì)桃蚜生長(zhǎng)和繁殖的影響

王澤華，范佳敏，陳金翠，宮亞軍，魏書軍

（北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院植物保護(hù)環(huán)境保護(hù)研究所，北京 100097）

【目的】氟啶蟲胺腈屬第 4代新煙堿類藥劑，研究旨在探討氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死濃度對(duì) F0（當(dāng)代）及F1（第1代）桃蚜（Myzus persicae）生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和繁殖的影響，為氟啶蟲胺腈的合理使用提供理論依據(jù)?！痉椒ā糠はx胺腈對(duì)桃蚜的亞致死劑量采用波特噴霧塔法確定，將瓊脂鋪于玻璃培養(yǎng)皿底部，再將新鮮油菜葉片背面向上鋪在瓊脂上。挑取15頭成蚜至油菜葉片上，置于波特噴霧塔下噴霧，藥劑設(shè)置7個(gè)濃度，處理48 h后檢查桃蚜死亡情況，采用POLO-Plus10.0軟件計(jì)算 LC10和LC25。采用建立生命表的方法評(píng)估氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì)桃蚜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和繁殖的影響。評(píng)估藥劑對(duì)F0代桃蚜的影響時(shí)，分別以LC10和LC25噴施成蚜，48 h后將成蚜移至未著藥葉片，單頭飼養(yǎng)直至死亡。評(píng)估藥劑對(duì)F1代桃蚜的影響時(shí)，以LC10和LC25處理成蚜，48 h后將成蚜移至未著藥葉片待其產(chǎn)蚜，24 h后隨機(jī)選取初產(chǎn)若蚜單頭飼養(yǎng)直至死亡，記錄蚜蟲存活及繁殖情況。采用SPSS 16.0軟件分析若蚜發(fā)育歷期、成蚜壽命、單雌產(chǎn)蚜量及生命表參數(shù)差異顯著性。【結(jié)果】根據(jù)室內(nèi)生物測(cè)定結(jié)果，氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜成蚜48 h的LC10和LC25分別為0.012和0.041 mg·L-1。亞致死濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈顯著降低了F0和F1代桃蚜成蚜壽命、單雌產(chǎn)蚜量和產(chǎn)蚜歷期，并表現(xiàn)為隨藥劑濃度增加，成蚜壽命、產(chǎn)蚜歷期縮短，單雌產(chǎn)蚜量降低。LC10和LC25濃度處理F0代桃蚜后，成蚜壽命分別為20.89和15.47 d，均顯著低于對(duì)照的25.41 d；單雌產(chǎn)蚜量分別為56.51和27.33頭，顯著低于對(duì)照的71.02頭；產(chǎn)蚜歷期分別為20.74和14.37 d，顯著低于對(duì)照的25.27 d；F1代成蚜壽命分別為14.80和9.76 d，產(chǎn)蚜歷期分別為12.03和8.59 d，單雌產(chǎn)蚜量分別為46.20和28.23頭。與對(duì)照相比，LC10濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈處理顯著延長(zhǎng)了F1代1齡若蚜的發(fā)育歷期（1.73和2.21 d），LC25濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈處理顯著延長(zhǎng)了2齡若蚜的發(fā)育歷期（1.43和1.58 d），其余齡期及整個(gè)若蚜期發(fā)育歷期與對(duì)照相比均無(wú)顯著差異。生命表參數(shù)分析表明，氟啶蟲胺腈 LC10和 LC25濃度處理后桃蚜凈增殖率R0與對(duì)照相比顯著降低，R0分別為 47.15、24.55和 64.47?！窘Y(jié)論】亞致死劑量的氟啶蟲胺腈能夠顯著抑制 F0及F1代桃蚜的壽命和繁殖力。

氟啶蟲胺腈；新煙堿類殺蟲劑；桃蚜；生命表；生物測(cè)定；波特噴霧塔

0 引言

【研究意義】桃蚜（Myzus persicae）是世界性重要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物害蟲，也是世界范圍內(nèi)抗藥性最為突出的害蟲之一[1-2]。該蟲寄主范圍廣，不僅直接取食造成危害，還可以分泌蜜露，導(dǎo)致煤污病，并能夠傳播多種植物病毒[3-4]，給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重影響。一直以來(lái)對(duì)桃蚜的防治以化學(xué)農(nóng)藥為主，目前桃蚜對(duì)常用殺蟲劑均產(chǎn)生了不同程度的抗藥性[5-10]，給該蟲的防控帶來(lái)了極大困難。氟啶蟲胺腈（sulfoxaflor）是美國(guó)陶氏益農(nóng)公司開發(fā)的砜亞胺類殺蟲劑[11]，屬第 4代新煙堿類藥劑，是防治蚜蟲、介殼蟲和粉虱等刺吸式口器害蟲的全新殺蟲劑產(chǎn)品[12]，研究氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死濃度對(duì)桃蚜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育與繁殖的影響，對(duì)氟啶蟲胺腈的合理使用和桃蚜的防治具有重要意義?！厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】氟啶蟲胺腈作用于煙堿型乙酰膽堿受體（nAChR）內(nèi)獨(dú)特的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)[13-15]，被殺蟲劑抗性行動(dòng)委員會(huì)（IRAC）認(rèn)定為全新Group 4C類殺蟲劑中的唯一成員[13]。殺蟲劑施于田間后，在環(huán)境中的毒力隨著時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)會(huì)逐漸遞減到亞致死劑量，從而產(chǎn)生亞致死效應(yīng)。亞致死效應(yīng)能夠?qū)ハx的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、繁殖、生態(tài)行為和抗藥性等產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響。一些藥劑的亞致死劑量能刺激害蟲生殖，從而導(dǎo)致害蟲的再猖獗，另一些藥劑則對(duì)害蟲的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育表現(xiàn)為抑制效應(yīng)，如延長(zhǎng)害蟲的發(fā)育歷期或?qū)е掳l(fā)育畸形，降低蛹重、化蛹率、羽化率及繁殖率等[16]。新煙堿類藥劑是目前防治桃蚜的首選藥劑，國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于該類殺蟲劑的亞致死效應(yīng)已有研究報(bào)道。亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉、呋蟲咹、噻蟲嗪和烯啶蟲胺能夠抑制棉蚜成蚜的壽命和繁殖力，顯著提高第 1代有翅蚜蟲的比例[17-19]；豌豆蚜（Acyrthosiphon pisum）在吡蟲啉亞致死劑量下壽命顯著縮短、繁殖率降低、發(fā)育歷期延長(zhǎng)[20]；吡蟲啉和噻蟲嗪亞致死劑量處理下荻草谷網(wǎng)蚜（Sitobion miscanthi）種群的凈生殖率、發(fā)育歷期、內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率與對(duì)照相比均降低[21]，但也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)亞致死劑量吡蟲啉對(duì)桃蚜有刺激生殖作用[22]?！颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】由于氟啶蟲胺腈在靶標(biāo)受體上的結(jié)合位點(diǎn)不同，并具有抗單氧化酶代謝分解的能力，因此氟啶蟲胺腈與其他新煙堿類殺蟲劑不存在交互抗性[23-24]，是抗性管理方面的一個(gè)優(yōu)選藥劑。明確藥劑的亞致死效應(yīng)是評(píng)價(jià)該藥藥效以及評(píng)估農(nóng)藥管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的關(guān)鍵。國(guó)內(nèi)尚無(wú)氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì)桃蚜影響的相關(guān)報(bào)道，該藥與其他新煙堿類殺蟲劑對(duì)蚜蟲生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和繁殖的亞致死效應(yīng)有何異同尚待研究。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】采用噴霧塔法測(cè)定氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜的亞致死濃度，研究亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)F0（當(dāng)代）及F1（第1代）桃蚜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及繁殖的影響，為桃蚜的綜合防治及氟啶蟲胺腈的合理應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

試驗(yàn)于 2016年在北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院植物保護(hù)環(huán)境保護(hù)研究所昆蟲毒理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)進(jìn)行。

1.1 供試蟲源及藥劑

供試桃蚜為實(shí)驗(yàn)室敏感品系，2010年采自北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院溫室內(nèi)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)不接觸任何農(nóng)藥用油菜（Brassica campestris）繼代飼養(yǎng)至今。飼養(yǎng)條件為溫度（23±1）℃，相對(duì)濕度 50%—65%，光周期 16L﹕8D。97.0%氟啶蟲胺腈原藥由美國(guó)陶氏益農(nóng)公司生產(chǎn)。

1.2 氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量的確定

采用波特（Potter）噴霧塔進(jìn)行生物測(cè)定。首先用丙酮將97.0%氟啶蟲胺腈原藥溶解，然后用0.1% Trion X-100稀釋成1 000 mg·L-1的母液，依次稀釋成 0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 mg·L-1藥液待用。將1%的瓊脂鋪于直徑6 cm的玻璃培養(yǎng)皿底部，再將新鮮健康的油菜葉片打成圓片，背面向上鋪在瓊脂上。用小毛筆挑取15頭健壯成蚜至油菜葉片上，置于波特噴霧塔下噴霧，壓力為63 kPa，施藥量為2 mL。每個(gè)濃度設(shè)置6次重復(fù)。處理48 h后檢查桃蚜死亡率，毛筆輕觸蟲體，不能行動(dòng)者視為死亡。

1.3 氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì)桃蚜生物學(xué)特性的影響

1.3.1 對(duì) F0代桃蚜的影響 采用建立生命表的方法評(píng)估氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì)桃蚜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和繁殖的影響。將桃蚜單頭飼養(yǎng)，待發(fā)育至成蚜的第 1天，以氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量LC10和LC25，分別用噴霧塔噴施桃蚜成蚜，每15個(gè)成蚜置于一個(gè)培養(yǎng)皿中，噴施壓力為63 kPa，施藥量為2 mL。48 h后將成蚜移至新鮮未著藥葉片，單頭飼養(yǎng)在單個(gè)培養(yǎng)皿中（直徑6 cm），每天更換新鮮葉片至死亡，記錄存活及繁殖情況，每天及時(shí)移去新產(chǎn)的若蚜。每個(gè)濃度處理50頭，重復(fù)4次。對(duì)照組成蚜用噴霧塔噴施0.1% Triton X-100。

1.3.2 對(duì) F1代桃蚜的影響 用氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量LC10和LC25處理成蚜，48 h后將成蚜轉(zhuǎn)移至新鮮葉片上待其產(chǎn)蚜，24 h后隨機(jī)取一只若蚜至培養(yǎng)皿中單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng)，每天更換新鮮葉片，記錄該代蚜蟲的發(fā)育、存活及繁殖情況，直至死亡。每個(gè)濃度下觀察50頭，重復(fù)4次。對(duì)照組桃蚜成蚜用噴霧塔噴施0.1% Triton X-100。

1.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析

采用 POLO-Plus10.0軟件計(jì)算 LC10、LC25和LC50。采用SPSS 16.0軟件（Turkey’s HSD法）分析不同處理組若蚜發(fā)育歷期、成蚜壽命、繁殖力及生命表參數(shù)差異顯著性。凈增殖率R0=∑ lxmx，平均世代歷期T =∑ x lxmx/ R0，內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率rm= (ln R0) / T，周限增長(zhǎng)率λ= exp (rm)，種群加倍時(shí)間t= ln 2/ rm，其中，x為時(shí)間間隔（d），lx表示個(gè)體在 x期間的存活率，mx表示個(gè)體在x期間的平均單雌產(chǎn)蚜量（只）[25]。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜的亞致死劑量

根據(jù)室內(nèi)生物測(cè)定結(jié)果，計(jì)算得到氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜成蚜48 h的LC10、LC25和LC50分別為0.012、0.041和0.157 mg·L-1（表1），其中LC10、LC25濃度后續(xù)試驗(yàn)處理。

2.2 氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì) F0代桃蚜成蚜壽命和繁殖率的影響

各亞致死濃度處理組 F0代成蚜的壽命均顯著低于對(duì)照組（F=144.13，P＜0.05），單雌產(chǎn)蚜量均顯著低于對(duì)照組（F=416.01，P＜0.05），產(chǎn)蚜歷期也均顯著低于對(duì)照組（F=308.28，P＜0.05）（表2）。LC25處理的成蚜在壽命、產(chǎn)蚜歷期以及單雌產(chǎn)蚜量上也顯著低于LC10處理組，表現(xiàn)為隨藥劑濃度增加，成蚜壽命、產(chǎn)蚜歷期縮短，單雌產(chǎn)蚜量降低。亞致死濃度LC10和LC25處理的成蚜比對(duì)照組的存活率下降的稍顯急劇（圖 1）。以上結(jié)果表明亞致死濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈能顯著縮短桃蚜成蚜的壽命及產(chǎn)蚜歷期，降低單雌產(chǎn)蚜量。

表1 氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜成蚜48 h的亞致死劑量Table 1 Sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor to M. persicae adults after 48 h

表2 亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜生物學(xué)特性的影響Table 2 Effect of sublethal concentration of sulfoxaflor on biological traits of M. persicae adults

2.3 氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì) F1代桃蚜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響

亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈處理對(duì)桃蚜3齡、4齡歷期均無(wú)顯著影響。與對(duì)照相比，LC10濃度氟啶蟲胺腈處理顯著延長(zhǎng)了1齡若蚜的發(fā)育歷期（F=22.52，P＜0.05），LC25濃度氟啶蟲胺腈處理顯著延長(zhǎng)了 2齡若蚜的發(fā)育歷期（F=46.20，P＜0.05），其余與對(duì)照相比均無(wú)顯著差異（表3）。亞致死濃度LC10和LC25處理的F1代桃蚜比對(duì)照組的存活率在第0—13天差異不明顯，隨后LC10和LC25處理組與對(duì)照相比表現(xiàn)出明顯的急劇下降趨勢(shì)（圖 2）。以上結(jié)果表明氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì)若蚜的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和存活率均沒有顯著影響，但對(duì)成蚜階段存活率存在一定影響。

圖1 亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)F0代桃蚜逐日存活率的影響Fig. 1 Age-specific survival rate (lx) of sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor to F0M. persicae adults

表3 亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜F1代若蚜生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育的影響Table 3 Effect of sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor on nymph development of F1M. persicae

圖2 亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)F1代桃蚜逐日存活率的影響Fig. 2 Age-specific survival rate (lx) of sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor to F1M. persicae

2.4 氟啶蟲胺腈亞致死劑量對(duì) F1代桃蚜壽命及繁殖的影響

各亞致死濃度處理組成蚜的壽命均顯著低于對(duì)照組（F=138.62，P＜0.05），單雌產(chǎn)蚜量均顯著低于對(duì)照組（F=210.53，P＜0.05），產(chǎn)蚜歷期也均顯著低于對(duì)照組（F=109.84，P＜0.05）。LC25處理的桃蚜成蚜在產(chǎn)蚜歷期和單雌產(chǎn)蚜量上也顯著低于LC10處理組，表現(xiàn)為隨藥劑濃度增加，產(chǎn)蚜歷期縮短，單雌產(chǎn)蚜量降低（表 4）。以上結(jié)果表明亞致死濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈能顯著縮短桃蚜F1代成蚜的壽命及產(chǎn)蚜歷期，降低其單雌產(chǎn)蚜量。

2.5 亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜種群生命表參數(shù)的影響

與對(duì)照相比，亞致死濃度LC25氟啶蟲胺腈處理的凈增殖率 R0顯著降低（F=133.92，P＜0.05），平均世代歷期明顯縮短（F=32.689，P＜0.05），內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率rm、周限增長(zhǎng)率λ顯著增高（F=7.758，P＜0.05），種群加倍時(shí)間t減少。LC10處理組凈增殖率R0與對(duì)照組相比顯著降低（F=157.63，P＜0.05），其他參數(shù)沒有明顯差異（表5）。

表4 亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)F1代桃蚜成蚜生物學(xué)特性的影響Table 4 Effect of sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor on biological traits of F1M. persicae

表5 亞致死濃度氟啶蟲胺腈處理后桃蚜的種群生命表參數(shù)Table 5 Life table parameters of M. persicae treated by sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor

3 討論

氟啶蟲胺腈屬于第 4代新煙堿類殺蟲劑，尤其對(duì)于已經(jīng)對(duì)其他新煙堿類殺蟲劑產(chǎn)生抗性的刺吸式害蟲，具有良好的防效[13]。本研究表明，亞致死濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈能夠顯著降低 F0和 F1代成蚜的壽命和繁殖力，但對(duì)F1代若蚜的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育沒有顯著影響。生命表參數(shù)分析表明，LC10和LC25處理組的凈增殖率R0與對(duì)照相比均顯著降低，同時(shí)存在濃度依賴性特點(diǎn)。LC25濃度處理后的平均世代歷期T與對(duì)照相比顯著縮短，內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率rm增高，種群加倍時(shí)間t減少。

新煙堿類藥劑是目前防治桃蚜的首選藥劑，關(guān)于該類殺蟲劑對(duì)蚜蟲的亞致死效應(yīng)研究已取得了一系列進(jìn)展。JAM等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn)亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉能夠抑制棉蚜（Aphis gossypii）質(zhì)量增加和蜜露分泌，并顯著抑制棉蚜成蚜壽命、內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率、凈增殖率、平均世代和種群加倍時(shí)間。亞致死濃度的呋蟲咹、噻蟲嗪和烯啶蟲胺均能夠抑制棉蚜成蚜壽命和繁殖力[18]；LASHKARI等[26]評(píng)估了亞致死濃度的吡蟲啉和吡蚜酮對(duì)白菜蚜蟲的影響，發(fā)現(xiàn)在單雌產(chǎn)蚜量和成蚜壽命上，處理組明顯降低，內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率降低，平均世代和種群加倍時(shí)間相比對(duì)照有所降低，而本研究中氟啶蟲胺腈處理的桃蚜內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率和周限增長(zhǎng)率相比對(duì)照有所升高，這可能與該濃度處理下成蚜壽命明顯縮短有關(guān)。WANG等[19]用LC25濃度的吡蟲啉處理桃蚜后，發(fā)現(xiàn)F1代有翅蚜蟲的比例顯著提高；曾春祥等[27]報(bào)道了吡蟲啉亞致死劑量能夠抑制F0和F1代桃蚜種群的壽命和繁殖力；惠婧婧等[20]對(duì)吡蟲啉對(duì)豌豆蚜的亞致死效應(yīng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著吡蟲啉亞致死劑量的增加，F(xiàn)0代及F1代豌豆蚜成蚜壽命顯著縮短，產(chǎn)蚜量顯著降低，發(fā)育歷期、平均世代周期和種群加倍時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)。吡蟲啉和噻蟲嗪亞致死劑量處理下荻草谷網(wǎng)蚜種群的凈生殖率、發(fā)育歷期、內(nèi)稟增長(zhǎng)率和周限增長(zhǎng)率與對(duì)照相比均降低，種群加倍時(shí)間明顯延長(zhǎng)[21]。啶蟲脒、呋蟲胺、吡蟲啉、烯啶蟲胺和噻蟲嗪均屬于煙堿乙酰膽堿受體激動(dòng)劑中的Group 4A類殺蟲劑，以上新煙堿類殺蟲劑亞致死劑量對(duì)不同種類蚜蟲均能夠抑制成蚜壽命及產(chǎn)蚜量，但對(duì)于種群生命表參數(shù)間存在不同影響。氟啶蟲胺腈屬Group 4C類殺蟲劑，TANG等[28]也評(píng)估了亞致死濃度（LC25）的氟啶蟲胺腈對(duì)桃蚜的影響，該研究中采用的亞致死濃度（LC25）為0.009 mg·L-1，與本研究中的LC10（0.012 mg·L-1）數(shù)值相近，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)處理組成蚜與對(duì)照相比在壽命和繁殖力方面沒有顯著性差異，F(xiàn)1代桃蚜各齡期發(fā)育歷期、成蚜壽命和繁殖力方面與對(duì)照相比亦沒有顯著差異，但成蚜前期和產(chǎn)卵前期的時(shí)間與對(duì)照相比顯著延長(zhǎng)，這可能和試蟲種群不同有關(guān)。

本研究表明亞致死濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈不但對(duì) F0代桃蚜有顯著影響，而且對(duì)F1代桃蚜同樣具有顯著抑制作用，這可能與蚜蟲的生殖方式有一定的關(guān)系。蚜蟲是一種重代生殖的昆蟲，也就是說(shuō)，孤雌生殖的母體內(nèi)的若蚜體內(nèi)也孕育著自己的F1代，具有“三代一體”的特征[29]，因此對(duì)桃蚜 F0的處理可能造成多代（F0、F1、F2）的影響。

4 結(jié)論

亞致死濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈能夠顯著降低 F0和 F1代桃蚜成蚜的壽命、單雌產(chǎn)蚜量和產(chǎn)蚜歷期，并表現(xiàn)為隨藥劑濃度增加，成蚜壽命、產(chǎn)蚜歷期縮短，單雌產(chǎn)蚜量降低。LC10濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈處理顯著延長(zhǎng)了F1代1齡若蚜的發(fā)育歷期，LC25濃度的氟啶蟲胺腈處理顯著延長(zhǎng)了2齡若蚜的發(fā)育歷期。生命表參數(shù)分析表明，LC10和LC25處理組的凈增殖率R0與對(duì)照相比均顯著降低。

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（責(zé)任編輯 岳梅）

Sublethal Effects of Sulfoxaflor on the Growth and Reproduction of the Green Peach Aphid Myzus persicae

WANG ZeHua, FAN JiaMin, CHEN JinCui, GONG YaJun, WEI ShuJun

(Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097)

【Objective】 Sulfoxaflor is the fourth generation of neonicotinoids. In this study, the sublethal effects of this pesticide on the development and reproduction of the F0(parental) and the F1(first generation) green peach aphid Myzus persicae were investigated to provide a theoretical basis for proper usage of this insecticide. 【Method】 The sublethal concentrations of LC10and LC25were determined by the bioassay method of Potter spray tower. The agar was placed at the bottom of the glass dish, whileleaf discs were placed with their adaxial surface downward onto agar. Fifteen adult aphids were transferred onto each leaf disc. Insecticide were sprayed to the leaf disc with aphids by using the Potter spray tower under seven concentrations. Mortality of the aphids was recorded 48 h later. LC10and LC25were estimated using POLO-Plus10.0 software. Sublethal effects of sulfoxaflor on the development and reproduction of the green peach aphid was evaluated by the method of establishing a life table. For the F0aphid, sulfoxaflor was sprayed on the adult aphids at the concentrations of LC10and LC25. After the application of the insecticide for 48 h, the adults were moved to fresh leaves without insecticide and reared separately until death. For the F1aphid, sulfoxaflor was sprayed on the adult aphids at the concentrations of LC10and LC25. After the application of insecticide for 48 h, the adults were moved to fresh leaves without insecticide. When the adult aphid produced nymphs for 24 h, one nymph was randomly selected and reared separately until death. The survival and reproduction of each aphid were recorded. The statistical differences of the development duration of nymphs, the adult longevity, the number of nymph per aphid and the life table parameters of F0and F1were analyzed using SPSS 16.0.【Result】 According to the bioassay, the LC10and LC25of sulfoxaflor on the green peach aphid after 48 h were 0.012 and 0.041 mg·L-1. Treatments with sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor significantly reduced the adult longevity, the number of nymph per aphid and the reproductive period of F0and F1. The values reduced with the increase of the concentration of insecticide. After being exposed to the sublethal concentrations LC10and LC25of sulfoxaflor, for the F0aphid, the average longevity of aphid adult was 20.89 and 15.47 d, respectively, shorter than that of control (25.41 d). The nymph number per aphid after treatment with LC10and LC25of sulfoxaflor was 56.51 and 27.33, respectively, significantly less than that of control (71.02), while the reproductive period was 20.74 and 14.37 d, respectively, significantly shorter than that of control (25.27 d). For the F1aphid, the average longevity of adult was 14.80 and 9.76 d, the reproductive period was 12.03 and 8.59 d, the nymph number per aphid after treatment with sulfoxaflor at LC10and LC25was 46.20 and 28.23, respectively. Compared with the control, treatment with sulfoxaflor at LC10significantly extended the development duration of 1st instar nymph (1.73 and 2.21 d), while treatment with sulfoxaflor at LC25significantly extended the development duration of 2nd instar nymph (1.43 and 1.58 d). However, there was no significantly difference in the other instar development duration and the total nymph period. Life table analysis showed that the net reproductive rate R0was decreased significantly after treatment with sulfoxaflor at LC10and LC25with the values of 47.15, 24.55, respectively, compared with the control with a value of 64.47. 【Conclusion】Sublethal concentrations of sulfoxaflor have inhibitory effects on adult longevity and fecundity of the F0and F1M. persicae.

sulfoxaflor; neonicotinoid; Myzus persicae; life table; bioassay; Potter spray tower

2016-09-18；接受日期：2016-11-28

北京市科委重大項(xiàng)目（D16110500550000）、北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)（JNKYT201605）、北京市農(nóng)林科學(xué)院創(chuàng)新能力建設(shè)專項(xiàng)（KJCX20150406）

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