李秀梅,陳群林,陳曉丹,曹代榮
(福建醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院影像科, 福建 福州 350005)
Gd-BOPTA增強MRI肝膽期肝實質(zhì)強化程度與肝纖維化分期的相關(guān)性
李秀梅,陳群林*,陳曉丹,曹代榮
(福建醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院影像科, 福建 福州 350005)
目的 探討釓貝葡胺(Gd-BOPTA)增強MRI肝膽期肝實質(zhì)強化程度與肝纖維化分期的相關(guān)性。方法 回顧性分析69例接受Gd-BOPTA增強MRI肝膽期掃描的肝病患者資料。所有患者均接受超聲引導下右肝穿刺活檢,并根據(jù)肝纖維化分級將患者分為5組(S0~S4組)。計算肝實質(zhì)相對強化程度(RE):RE=(SIpost-SIpre)/SIpre,SIpre為平掃時肝實質(zhì)信號值,SIpost為Gd-BOPTA 增強肝膽期肝實質(zhì)信號值。采用單因素方差分析比較肝纖維化分期與肝膽期肝實質(zhì)RE的差異性。采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析評估肝膽期肝實質(zhì)RE與肝功能生化指標之間的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 Gd-BOPTA增強MRI肝膽期肝實質(zhì)RE在肝纖維化分期的S0與S2組、S2與S4組間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),其他各組間兩兩比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義。肝膽期肝實質(zhì)RE與總膽紅素、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶呈負相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 Gd-BOPTA增強MRI肝膽期肝實質(zhì)相對強化程度對無創(chuàng)性評估肝纖維化分期具有一定價值。
對比劑;磁共振成像;肝膽期;相對強化程度;肝;纖維化
肝纖維化是慢性肝病向肝硬化發(fā)展不可避免的階段。研究[1]發(fā)現(xiàn),針對病因進行有效、科學的抗纖維化治療可逆轉(zhuǎn)肝纖維化進程,但對于肝硬化目前尚無良好的治療方案。因此,肝纖維化的早期診斷至關(guān)重要。隨著醫(yī)學影像技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,人們不斷嘗試用各種影像檢查技術(shù)診斷肝臟彌漫性病變。目前已有超聲彈性成像[2-3]、MR彌散加權(quán)成像[4]及肝臟MR彈性成像[1-6]診斷肝纖維化、肝硬化的報道,但關(guān)于肝臟MR特異性對比劑釓貝葡胺(Gd-BOPTA)評估肝纖維化程度的報道鮮見。本文探討Gd-BOPTA 增強MRI肝實質(zhì)期強化程度與肝纖維化分期的相關(guān)性。
1.1一般資料 收集2014年12月—2016年7月在我院接受常規(guī)肝臟MR平掃及Gd-BOPTA增強肝膽期掃描的患者565例。納入標準:①影像圖像質(zhì)量符合診斷要求;②1周內(nèi)接受右肝穿刺活檢并有進行肝纖維化分期的病理報告;③1周內(nèi)接受肝功能臨床生化檢查。排除標準:①肝膽手術(shù)、肝移植、右肝單個病灶或多個病灶直徑之和>3 cm;②病理報告肝炎癥活動度為3級或4級;③原發(fā)性膽汁性肝炎或肝硬化;④腎功能不全。最終納入69例患者,男46例,女23例,年齡19~69歲,平均(40.6±13.4)歲,患者的病因見表1。本研究經(jīng)倫理委員會批準,檢查前均獲得患者的知情同意。
表1 69例患者的病因分析
病因例數(shù)百分比(%)慢性乙型病毒性肝炎5072.46藥物性肝炎57.25非酒精性脂肪肝45.80自身免疫性肝炎22.90酒精性肝硬化22.90EB病毒感染性肝炎22.90血色素沉積癥11.45甲狀腺功能亢進性肝損害11.45先天性高膽紅素血癥11.45特發(fā)性門靜脈高壓11.45
1.2儀器與方法 采用Siemens Magnetom Verio 3.0T MR掃描儀,體部相控陣線圈?;颊呓? h后取仰臥位,掃描范圍由膈頂至肝下緣。平掃序列包括:半傅立葉采集單次激發(fā)快速自旋回波冠狀位T2WI(TR 1 400 ms,TE 91 ms,矩陣320×224,視野350 mm×350 mm,層厚5 mm,帶寬446 Hz/Px)、TSE軸位T2WI(TR 6 528.3 ms,TE 79 ms,矩陣320×224,視野210 mm×380 mm,層厚5 mm,帶寬 240 Hz/Px)、二維快速擾相梯度回波同相或反相位軸位T1WI(TR 133 ms,TE 2.5 ms和6.2 ms,矩陣320×224,視野210 mm×380 mm,層厚5 mm,帶寬 280 Hz/Px)以及容積式內(nèi)插值法屏氣檢查(volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination,VIBE)軸位平掃和增強T1WI(TR 3.9 ms,TE 1.4 ms,矩陣320×224,視野250 mm×380 mm,重建層厚3 mm,帶寬400 Hz/Px)。采用肝臟特異性對比劑Gd-BOPTA,濃度為0.1 mmol/ml,劑量為0.2 ml/kg體質(zhì)量,采用高壓注射器經(jīng)肘靜脈團注,注射流率2~3 ml/s,后以相同流率注入20 ml生理鹽水。動態(tài)增強期相包括25 s動脈期、60 s門靜脈期及120 s平衡期。肝膽期于注射對比劑后90 min開始掃描。
1.3圖像分析 在Siemens副臺圖像工作站對原始圖像進行數(shù)據(jù)測量。由同1名讀片醫(yī)師在不知患者肝纖維化分級的情況下,測量肝實質(zhì)信號強度(signal intensity, SI)。因肝穿刺活檢部位選取右肝實質(zhì),故本研究測量肝實質(zhì)SI僅選取右肝4個段,以更好地與病理取樣部位吻合。測量過程遵循下述標準:避開血管、膽管、病變及偽影,ROI分別置于右肝前葉上段、右肝后葉上段、右肝前葉下段、右肝后葉下段,4個ROI的平均值代表肝實質(zhì)SI;測量時,盡量確保T1WI VIBE平掃和Gd-BOPTA增強肝膽期序列中的4個ROI選自同一層面、大小相同、位置一致 (圖1)。ROI為圓形或橢圓形,且大小為1.0~2.0 cm2。肝臟相對強化程度(relative enhancement,RE)的計算公式為:RE=(SIpost-SIpre)/SIpre,其中SIpre為平掃時肝實質(zhì)的SI,SIpost為注射對比劑后90 min肝膽期肝實質(zhì)的SI。
1.4組織病理學檢查 69例接受Gd-BOPTA增強MR掃描患者于1周內(nèi)在超聲引導下行右肝穿刺活檢。根據(jù)Batts-Ludwig病理分級分期系統(tǒng),將肝纖維化分為5組(表2)。
圖1 肝纖維化S1期 A、B為T1WI VIBE平掃,C、D為增強肝膽期;SIpre 為圖A、B 4個ROI的平均值,SIpost為圖C、D 4個ROI的平均值, RE=(SIpost-SIpre)/SIpre
1.5統(tǒng)計學分析 采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計分析軟件。采用單因素方差分析比較肝纖維化不同分期的肝膽期肝實質(zhì)相對強化程度(the relative enhancement of hepatocyte phase, REh)的差異。采用Pearson相關(guān)性分析評估REh與肝功能生化指標之間的相關(guān)性。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1REh在肝纖維化分期的組間差異 REh與肝纖維化分期關(guān)系見表3、圖2。Gd-BOPTA增強MRI示肝纖維化分期S0與S2期(P=0.045)、S2與S4期(P=0.023)比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,其余分期兩兩比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義。
表2 肝纖維化的病理分期
分期 分期依據(jù)S0無肝纖維化S1匯管區(qū)纖維化,局限在竇周及小葉內(nèi)纖維化S2匯管區(qū)周圍纖維化,纖維隔形成,小葉結(jié)構(gòu)保留S3纖維間隔伴組織結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,無肝硬化S4早期肝硬化,彌漫纖維增生,肝實質(zhì)廣泛破壞,被分隔的肝細胞呈不同程度的結(jié)節(jié)再生
表3 5組肝纖維化分期的REh
組別REh最小值最大值S0組(n=18)0.414±0.0490.0380.698S1組(n=19)0.445±0.1590.1780.715S2組(n=18)0.535±0.1950.2631.006S3組(n=3)0.366±0.0830.2790.444S4組(n=11)0.432±0.1890.1840.836
2.2REh與肝功能生化指標間的相關(guān)性 REh與肝功能生化指標間的關(guān)系見表4。Gd-BOPTA增強MRI示REh與總膽紅素(P=0.039)、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶水平呈負相關(guān)(P=0.031),而REh與天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶、白蛋白、凝血酶原時間無明顯相關(guān)性(P均>0.05)。
早期發(fā)現(xiàn)肝纖維化并準確評估抗纖維化的治療效果需依賴可靠、可重復性高且較安全的診斷手段[7]。近年來,隨著MR技術(shù)的更新及肝細胞特異性對比劑的應(yīng)用,MR對肝臟疾病的診斷準確率進一步提高。肝臟特異性對比劑比常規(guī)釓螯合物對比劑在檢出肝臟疾病方面具有更高的敏感度及特異度[8-10]。目前國內(nèi)主要使用的 MR肝臟特異性對比劑有兩種[11]:Gd-BOPTA和釓塞酸二鈉(Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl dimeglumine, Gd-EOB-BOPTA)。Gd-BOPTA依靠多肽族的有機陰離子定置于肝細胞膜竇,通過類似膽紅素的代謝過程隨膽汁排泄[12-13]。人體攝入Gd-BOPTA后,95%經(jīng)腎臟排泄,3%~5%由肝細胞攝取并經(jīng)膽道排泄[14-15]。雖然肝細胞對Gd-BOPTA的攝入量不多,但能使肝實質(zhì)在40~120 min內(nèi)保持強化[16]。既往研究[17]發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著肝硬化的進展,肝細胞特異性對比劑GD-EOB-DTPA增強肝膽期肝實質(zhì)強化程度減弱。理論上,肝細胞數(shù)量減少和(或)肝細胞功能受損均會影響Gd-BOPTA增強肝膽期肝實質(zhì)強化程度。本研究旨在結(jié)合肝臟MR檢查的優(yōu)勢與肝細胞特異性對比劑Gd-BOPTA的特點利用增強MRI REh評估肝纖維化的分期。
表4 肝功能生化指標間的REh
變量均數(shù)標準差相關(guān)系數(shù)P值總膽紅素38.1817.82-0.2460.039凝血酶原時間(s)12.001.81-0.1140.352白蛋白(g/L)40.095.330.2830.180丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(U/L)128.0664.92-0.2450.031天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(U/L)61.9458.52-0.1560.122
圖2 REh與肝纖維化分期的關(guān)系
本研究Gd-BOPTA增強REh僅在肝纖維化分期的S0與S2期、S2與S4期差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,可能與以下因素有關(guān):①肝細胞上的Gd-BOPTA有機陰離子載體隨著肝纖維化進展數(shù)量減少[2];②S0期無肝纖維化,S2期屬于輕度肝纖維化,S4期屬于重度肝纖維化;故S0與S2期、S2與S4期的REh存在差異性。本研究結(jié)果顯示,隨著肝纖維化級別升高,GD-BOPTA的REh有下降趨勢,與以往研究報道一致[3]。原因可能為:①肝纖維化使肝細胞功能減退;②肝纖維化再生結(jié)節(jié)形成,有功能肝細胞數(shù)目減少,進而對GD-BOPTA的攝取及排泄減少,故肝膽期肝實質(zhì)強化程度減弱。本研究結(jié)果顯示REh值在不同肝纖維化分期間存在重疊交叉,原因可能為:①肝臟各段纖維化發(fā)展不一致使病理取樣組織不能完全反應(yīng)右肝實際纖維化程度;②肝纖維化的發(fā)展是連續(xù)的過程,而病理是根據(jù)組織形態(tài)學改變?nèi)藶閷⑵浞譃?期,故病理肝纖維化分期結(jié)果存在偏差。本研究結(jié)果顯示REh與血清總膽紅素、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶水平呈負相關(guān),原因可能是:①Gd-BOPTA與膽紅素有共同的肝細胞特異性轉(zhuǎn)運體,肝功能受損時膽紅素排泄增多,Gd-BOPTA排泄減少故REh強化減弱;②肝酶如總膽紅素、丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶水平反映的是肝細胞損傷的程度。有研究[18-20]報道Gd-EOB-DTPA增強MRI肝膽期肝實質(zhì)RE的降低與肝功能的減退相關(guān)。與肝細胞特異性MR對比劑Gd-EOB-DTPA類似,Gd-BOPTA也是通過有功能的肝細胞攝取,然后通過膽道系統(tǒng)排泄,肝功能受損,肝酶升高,Gd-BOPTA攝取減少,故肝實質(zhì)RE降低。因此,可用Gd-BOPTA增強REh評估肝纖維化的程度。
本研究的不足:①肝纖維化各期病例數(shù)量差異大,可能影響研究結(jié)果;②不同病因?qū)е碌母卫w維化可能影響RE值測量,進而影響研究結(jié)果。本研究數(shù)據(jù)不能逐一區(qū)分肝纖維化各期,需收集更多肝纖維化患者的病理及Gd-BOPTA增強MRI資料,進一步研究其相關(guān)性。
多項研究[21-22]已經(jīng)證明,肝臟MR檢查由于軟組織分辨率高而明顯優(yōu)于其他肝臟的檢查。利用Gd-BOPTA增強MRI REh評估肝纖維化的分期,方法簡單、無需復雜的數(shù)學模型或數(shù)據(jù)分析,有望應(yīng)用于臨床評估肝纖維化程度。
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Relationship between stage of liver fibrosis and degree of liver parenchymal enhancement on hepatocyte phase of
Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI
LIXiumei,CHENQunlin*,CHENXiaodan,CAODairong(DepartmentofMedicalImaging,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofFujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou350005,China)
Objective To investigate the relationships between the stage of liver fibrosis and the degree of liver parenchymal enhancement on the hepatocyte-phase of Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI.Methods Totally 69 patients were enrolled who took the Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI and accepted the percutaneous liver biopsy guiding by ultrasound. Patients were classified into 5 groups according to the stage of liver fibrosis in the pathological findings (S0—S4 group). The relative enhancement ratio (RE) of the liver parenchyma in the T1-vibe sequence was calculated from measurement of the signal intensity before (SIpre) and 90 min after the intravenous administration of Gd-BOPTA(SIpost), using the following formula: RE = (SIpost-SIpre)/SIpre.One-wayANOVAanalysis of variance was used to compare the difference between the degree of the relative enhancement of hepatocyte phase (REh) on Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MR imaging and the stage of the liver fibrosis.Pearson'sproduct-moment correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the degree of REh on Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI and the levels of serologic liver functional parameters. Results There had significant difference of the REh of the hepatic parenchyma between S0 and S2 group, S2 group and S4 group (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between the other hepatic fibrosis groups. There were significant negative correlations between the REh of the hepatic parenchyma and the levels of serologic total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (P<0.05). Conclusion Measurement of the liver parenchymal REh on GD-BOPTA-enhanced MR imaging might be a non-invasive technique for assessing the stage of liver fibrosis.
Contrast media; Magnetic resonance imaging; Hepatocyte-phase; Relative enhancement; Liver; Fibrosis
李秀梅(1981—),女,福建長樂人,碩士,主治醫(yī)師。研究方向:腹部影像診斷。E-mail: meimei200110011@163.com
陳群林,福建醫(yī)科大學附屬第一醫(yī)院影像科,350005。E-mail: fychenqunlin@126.com
2016-06-20
2016-10-20
R575.2; R445.2
A
1672-8475(2016)12-0728-05
10.13929/j.1672-8475.2016.12.005