結(jié)合經(jīng)典考題例談代詞考點(diǎn)

趙昌鐵

代詞主要用來代替人、事物或事件。代詞的主要用途就是代替出現(xiàn)過的特定詞、短語或句子，避免重復(fù)。代詞分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、不定代詞、關(guān)系代詞、連接代詞、疑問代詞。

一、考情表析

從上面的表格可以看出，全國I、II卷對(duì)代詞在完形填空中考查的比重很小，2014、2015年均未考查，只是在2016年I卷中有考查。因此，考生在復(fù)習(xí)過程中不用花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間。另外解答完形填空試題應(yīng)遵循一個(gè)原則，即：“答案在文中，答案在生活中”。

分析表格信息可知，新課標(biāo)全國I、II卷對(duì)代詞在語法填空中處于交替考查的狀態(tài)，且2015年和2016年I卷中所給的提示詞均為it，我們可以理解為所給提示詞大部分為主格形式，其答案一般填物主代詞形式，2014年II卷給的提示詞為I，其答案卻為me或mine。也就是說，平時(shí)做題的時(shí)候多思考，答案還可能不唯一，但答對(duì)一個(gè)即可得分。

分析上表可以看出，2015、2016連續(xù)兩年而且是兩套新課標(biāo)全國卷對(duì)代詞都有考查，這預(yù)示著明年代詞仍然可能會(huì)考查，考生在備考時(shí)需要對(duì)his和our引起注意。

二、考點(diǎn)歸納

考點(diǎn)1：代詞與完形填空

對(duì)于代詞在完形填空中的考查需要記住三點(diǎn)，第一：知道備選項(xiàng)代詞的意思；第二：借助上下文語境分析鎖定某個(gè)答案；第三：將所選的答案還原語境，驗(yàn)證答案。

【典例1】 Suddenly， he saw a car with its bright lights on. 43 As he got closer， he found 44 vehicle upside down on the road. （2016年全國I卷）

A. each B. another

C. that D. his

【解析】B。上文“a car with its bright lights on”表明，Larry先看到一輛亮著大燈的汽車，接著又看到另一（another）輛翻在地上的車。故本空選B。

【典例2】 When we were finally 34 safe on the other side， he said to me， “You know， I didnt tell you this during the season， but you did 35 fine. Thank you for filling in for 36 .” （2016年全國III卷）

A. us B. yourself

C. me D. them

【解析】C。根據(jù)該句中“...he said to me...”可以判斷，這里是Miller為我?guī)椭蛭遥╩e）表示感謝，故選C。

【典例3】People were always doing things that annoyed her， and 39 was ever good enough. （2015年福建卷）

A. anything B. everything

C. something D. nothing

【解析】D。由and前面的句子可知，此處表示“沒有一件事情（nothing）她覺得好”，故選D。

【典例4】 Since the quake， many of 43 had been working constantly， without any good sleep.

A. whom B. them

C. which D. that

【解析】B。本句是一個(gè)簡單句，缺少的是主語成分，用them來代替前面提到的營救人員，故選B。

考點(diǎn)2：代詞與語法填空

語法填空的純空格處的設(shè)題，重點(diǎn)考查人稱代詞，其次是考查不定代詞以及作形式主語或形式賓語的it。在給提示詞的設(shè)題中，可能給出人稱代詞，要求考生填其物主代詞或反身代詞，也可能給出主格，要求填賓格。

【典例1】 On my recent visit， I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by

68 （it） mother. （2016年全國I卷）

【解析】its。根據(jù)該句中“a lively three-month-old twin”可知用its。

【典例2】A few hours 62 before/ earlier， Id been at home in Hong Kong， with 63 （it） choking smog. （2015年全國Ⅰ卷）

【解析】its。這里指香港的污濁空氣，因此填its。

【典例3】A woman on the bus shouted， “Oh dear！ Its 69 （I）.” （2014年全國II卷）

【解析】mine/ me。句意：那個(gè)行李箱是我的?；蛘呖梢岳斫鉃椋簛G東西的那個(gè)人是我。故填mine/ me。

【典例4】She showed me that 64 （her） was out of ink and would not write.

【解析】hers。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處充當(dāng)賓語從句的主語，故用名詞性物主代詞hers，指代“她的鋼筆”。

考點(diǎn)3：代詞與短文改錯(cuò)

解答這部分題目時(shí)需注意兩點(diǎn)，第一：弄清指代對(duì)象（即：弄清句中代詞所指代的是人還是物；指代對(duì)象是男還是女；是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)）；第二：留意三無名詞（即：留意前面無冠詞、無物主代詞、無不定代詞的名詞）。

【典例1】Instead， he hopes that our business will grow steadily. （2016年全國I卷）

【解析】our→his。根據(jù)該句主語he，結(jié)合上文他介紹自己的商業(yè)成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)可知，這里是說他的生意。

【典例2】 If we go on a trip abroad， we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. （2016年全國II卷）

【解析】your→our。根據(jù)主句主語we可知，此處指開拓我們的視野。

【典例3】We must find ways to protect your environment. （2015年全國I卷）

【解析】your→our/ the。本句的主語是We，因此后面的物主代詞改為our，此處也可以改為定冠詞the。

【典例4】Five minutes later， Tony saw parents. （2015年全國II卷）

【解析】在parents前加his。此處指Tony看到他的父母，故在其前面加his。

三、牛刀小試

（一）單句填空

1. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect _______ （they） against evils.

2. The new designs are much better than the old _______ .

3. On the contrary， ________ is thought that opening online stores will distract students from their study.

4. Reading is obviously beneficial to both ________ （we） life and study， which can not only broaden our horizon but enrich our life as well.

5. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task， while ________ had to learn for themselves.

（二）單句改錯(cuò)

6. Im writing to tell you opinion about water saving.

7. Many countries in the world find we dont have enough water.

8. Im glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm.

9. A little girl was hurt and his mother needed help.

10. We would be grateful if you could join them that day.

11. While the others are jumping about in the air， I can run under my legs and get the ball.

12. I was only about six when he held his hand out to me. I took it in me and we walked.

13. Otherwise， it is impossible for him to help each other .

14. Three years ago， Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday.

15. Convinced， Nick has brought the price down to 10 cents a piece. Without a moments delay， my neighbor picked up the box and announced “Ill take them.”

（三）語法填空

In much of Asia， especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China， Japan， Korea， 16 Vietnam， food is usually eaten with chopsticks.

Chopsticks are usually two long， thin pieces of wood or bamboo. 17 （them） can also be made of plastic， animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might be made 18 gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 19

（create） special designs.

The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked

20 （they） food in large pots， using twigs（樹枝）to remove it. Over time， 21 the population grew， people began cutting food into small pieces so 22 （its） would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.

23 people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius， who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.， influenced the development of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 24 （be） too violent for use at the table.

Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India， for example， most people 25

（traditional） eat with their hands.