考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解淺析

楊波

摘 要： 考研英語(yǔ)閱讀文章通常選自國(guó)外一些學(xué)術(shù)性較強(qiáng)的期刊及雜志，詞匯量多且覆蓋面廣，包括教育、新聞、財(cái)經(jīng)、法律、文化、生物等領(lǐng)域，需要考生博聞強(qiáng)記；閱讀文章中還大量出現(xiàn)熟詞生義的考點(diǎn)，要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)有意識(shí)地歸納并總結(jié)英語(yǔ)高頻詞的一詞多義及一詞多性的用法。除此之外，閱讀文章中長(zhǎng)難句較多，涉及多種語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，同時(shí)正確理解段落內(nèi)部及段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系也是準(zhǔn)確把握文章主題的必要條件。

關(guān)鍵詞： 考研英語(yǔ) 閱讀理解 詞匯 邏輯關(guān)系

一、詞匯

詞匯量直接影響考研英語(yǔ)閱讀的速度及準(zhǔn)確性，在備考之初需做出詳細(xì)的計(jì)劃，除了每日定期背誦詞匯外，還應(yīng)利用有效的方法巧記單詞：

1.常用的前后詞綴。表否定含義的前綴：“ir”，“il”，“im”，“ab”，如regular，irregular；legal，illegal；mature，immature；normal，abnormal等。

2.形容詞后綴：“al”，“ive”，able”，“culture，cultural；drink，drinkable；act，active；protect，protective等。

3.結(jié)合常用術(shù)語(yǔ)背記單詞：如規(guī)則動(dòng)詞regular verb，可數(shù)名詞 countable noun，銀行職員banking professional，有影響力的人物，influential figure，新興市場(chǎng)，emerging market等。

4.熟詞生意：cell常用含義是“細(xì)胞”，生僻意思為“牢房”；climate常用含義為“氣候”，生僻意思為“風(fēng)尚”；mirror除了做名詞用，表示“鏡子”外，還可以用作動(dòng)詞“反映了”。

二、邏輯關(guān)系

一個(gè)段落里各句之間，各段之間存在一定的邏輯關(guān)系，即句與句之間、段與段之間在結(jié)構(gòu)上和語(yǔ)義上的聯(lián)系，這種關(guān)系通常借助連接詞把上下文意思串聯(lián)起來，了解這些連接詞的用法有助于做出快速而準(zhǔn)確的判斷與選擇。

1.并列關(guān)系：and，and also，as well as，furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，or，or else，alternatively，likewise，namely，in the same way，etc.

2.列舉關(guān)系：and，then，first，to begin with，second，finally，eventually，in the end，etc.

This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First，consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal”... Second，customers may be willing to buy a companys products... And third，through a more diffuse “halo effect”...

3.復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系：主要通過原詞、同義詞、上下義詞、概括詞或其他形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)來體現(xiàn)這種句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow.More and more governments，... want to spread Internet access.Within the next decade or two，one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together... And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty.

4.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：all the same，anyhow，as a matter of fact，yet，however，in fact，instead，nevertheless，on the contrary，still，though，incidentally，to change the subject，etc.

In Britain this has had a curious result.While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family，Shakespeare and the National Health Service （NHS）as what make them proudest of their country，this has limited political support.

5.解釋關(guān)系：in other words，namely，that is，thats to say，so to speak，mean，refer to，etc.

6.因果關(guān)系：for，because，due to，owing to，as a result of，result from，accordingly，consequently，hence，now，so，therefore，thus，as a result，in consequence，for that reason，etc.

7.例證關(guān)系：for example，for instance，take the case of，take…for example，a good case，consider，witness，such as，etc.

8.概括關(guān)系：in sum，in short，in brief，to conclude，to sum up，to summarize，in conclusion，therefore，in that case，overall，（all） in all，etc.

This，in brief，is what the futurist says：for a century，past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up... Consequently，our feelings，thoughts，and emotions have undergone a corresponding change.

9.通過詞匯重復(fù)體現(xiàn)段落主題：Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomassof fish species in particular parts of the ocean，but rather changes in that biomass over time.According to their latest paper published in Nature，the biomass of large predators is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation.

綜上所述，擴(kuò)大英語(yǔ)詞匯量、敏銳地找出文章內(nèi)部及段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系可以大大提高英語(yǔ)閱讀速度及準(zhǔn)確率，是考研英語(yǔ)的重要備考要素。