第三屆全球豪瑞獎(jiǎng)創(chuàng)新一等獎(jiǎng)：高效混凝土模板技術(shù)，蘇黎世，瑞士

主要設(shè)計(jì)者：馬蒂亞斯·科勒/格拉瑪祖奧與科勒建筑事務(wù)所，蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院建筑與數(shù)字建造實(shí)驗(yàn)室

第三屆全球豪瑞獎(jiǎng)創(chuàng)新一等獎(jiǎng)：高效混凝土模板技術(shù)，蘇黎世，瑞士

主要設(shè)計(jì)者：馬蒂亞斯·科勒/格拉瑪祖奧與科勒建筑事務(wù)所，蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院建筑與數(shù)字建造實(shí)驗(yàn)室

評委評語

評委會贊揚(yáng)了該項(xiàng)目水平卓越的研究和實(shí)踐型實(shí)驗(yàn)。該設(shè)計(jì)的混凝土生產(chǎn)工藝流程是由瑞士聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的建筑與數(shù)字制造教授研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開發(fā)的，這是一種巧妙的澆注高度復(fù)雜幾何定義的混凝土表面的方法。它推進(jìn)了一個(gè)全新的生產(chǎn)階段。首先，由機(jī)器人制動柔性成形表面形成一個(gè)稍后待澆注混凝土形狀的陽模。然后，將液態(tài)蠟倒在制動表面上。一旦冷卻，蠟陰模就成為實(shí)際現(xiàn)場模板的一個(gè)元件，將混凝土澆注到里面，最終產(chǎn)生所需的元件。在該過程完成后，這個(gè)蠟陰?？梢员患訜嶙兂梢簯B(tài)，供下次模板澆注過程使用。

這種創(chuàng)新混凝土生產(chǎn)方法的突出優(yōu)點(diǎn)有4個(gè)。首先，它不需要使用可循環(huán)性很差卻很昂貴的建筑材料，如EPS、木材或鋼板，而用蠟替代傳統(tǒng)的混凝土模板材料。同時(shí)，它將與模板相關(guān)的建筑廢料幾乎減少到零。第二，大大減少了生產(chǎn)高度復(fù)雜的混凝土模板嵌體所需的大量體力勞動，因?yàn)樗⒘送耆詣踊臋C(jī)器人操作流程。第三，這種模板技術(shù)的成本相對較低，這是經(jīng)濟(jì)地生產(chǎn)幾何形狀復(fù)雜的一次性現(xiàn)澆混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的先決條件。第四，實(shí)際上對于迄今為止精度難以想象的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的曲率沒有限制?？偠灾?，這種幾何形狀復(fù)雜的混凝土構(gòu)件的模板技術(shù)極具遠(yuǎn)見，是一個(gè)真正的飛躍，它將最大的計(jì)算機(jī)輔助制造（CAM）技術(shù)與最新一代的機(jī)器人相結(jié)合，具備改革施工工藝流程的潛力，從而提高可持續(xù)性。

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team: Matthias Kohler, Fabio Gramazio/ Gramazio & Kohler, Architektur und Digitale Fabrikation, ETH Zurich; Silvan Oesterle, Axel Vansteenkiste, Ammar Mirjan, Petrus Lindstr?m, Selen Ercan

1 用蠟?zāi)Ｔ煨偷碾p面自由造型（雙曲面）混凝土澆筑板/Two-sided free-form (double curved) concrete cast with corresponding wax formwork.

Jury Appraisal

Te jury commended the project for its excel-lent level of research and practice-oriented experimentation. Te proposed concrete production process developed by a research team at the Professorship for Architecture & Digital Fabrication at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich) is an ingenious approach to casting concrete surfaces of highly complex geometrical definition. It advances an entirely new sequence of production phases. First, a robot actuates a flexible molding surface to form a positive of the later to be cast concrete shape. Ten, liquid wax is poured onto the actuated surface. Once cooled, the wax negative form becomes one element of the actual on-site formwork, into which concrete is poured to finally produce the desired element. After the process is completed, the wax negative form can be heated and made liquid, in order to be reused for the next formwork pouring process.

2 通過建造與設(shè)立小型復(fù)雜幾何結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行的研究實(shí)踐的演示，例如這個(gè)具有美感的公交車站的建筑嘗試/Demonstration of research in practice through the construction and placement of complex-shaped small structures: Te architectural forms create highly aesthetic elements such as this shelter concept of a bus stop（圖片來源/Photo: Gramazio & Kohler, ETH Zurich.）

The outstanding merits of this innovative concrete production method are fourfold: First, it eliminates the need to use expensive and marginallyrecyclable construction materials such as EPS, wood or steel sheet, while replacing the traditional materials for concrete formwork by wax. At the same time, it reduces formwork-related construction waste almost to zero. Second, it considerably cuts down the tremendous volume of manual labour necessary to produce highly complex concrete formwork inlays because a fully automated robotic process is established. Tird, the relatively low cost of this formwork technology is a prerequisite for the economical production of geometrically complex one-off, on-site concrete structures. Fourth, there are virtually no limits regarding the curvature of concrete structures with a hitherto unimaginable degree of accuracy. Overall, this visionary formwork technology for geometrically complex concrete elements is a real quantum leap combining the utmost computer-aided manufacture (CAM) technologies with the latest generation of robots that has the potential for revolutionising the construction process thereby enhancing sustainability.

3rd Global Holcim Awards Innovation 1st Prize: High-efficiency Concrete Formwork Technology, Zurich, Switzerland

Main Authors: Matthias Kohler/Gramazio & Kohler, Architektur und Digitale Fabrikation, ETH Zurich