動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)解析技巧

羅楊宇星

[標(biāo)志詞匯要辨清]

所謂標(biāo)志詞，即指在使用不同時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)常用的一些特定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。識(shí)別了特定時(shí)態(tài)的特定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，對(duì)于動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的高考選擇題的學(xué)習(xí)，將是事倍功半的。

例1 （2015四川卷） More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.

A. are being built B. will be built

C. have been built D. had been built

解析 B。標(biāo)志詞為soon。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)soon可知，考査將來(lái)時(shí)。句意：四川將建設(shè)更多的高速公路以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

例2 （2015安徽卷） It is reported that a space station on the moon in years to come.

A. will be building B. will be built

C. has been building D. has been built

解析 B。標(biāo)志詞為in years。根據(jù)in years to come可知用將來(lái)時(shí)，space station和build是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空間站是被建造的，應(yīng)該使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，人們?cè)谖磥?lái)的幾年里將在月球上建一個(gè)空間站。

例3 （2015天津卷） Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she a class at that time.

A. will teach B. would teach

C. has taught D. will be teaching

解析 D。標(biāo)志詞為at that time，即at 3 oclock this afternoon。表示在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻正在做某事，故用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。句意：簡(jiǎn)不能參加今天下午三點(diǎn)鐘的會(huì)議，因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)時(shí)候在給學(xué)生上課。

例4 （2015天津卷） Despite the previous rounds of talks， no agreement so far by the two sides.

A. has been reached B. was reached

C. will reach D. will have reached

解析 A。標(biāo)志詞為so far。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)so far“到目前為止”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主語(yǔ)agreement與reach為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。句意：盡管之前經(jīng)過(guò)多輪談判，但到目前為止雙方?jīng)]有達(dá)成任何協(xié)議。

例5 （2015北京卷） In the last few years， China great achievements in environmental protection.

A. has made B. had made

C. was making D is making

解析 A。標(biāo)志詞為In the last few years。由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in the last few years 可推知?jiǎng)幼鲝倪^(guò)去一段時(shí)間持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：在過(guò)去的這些年里，中國(guó)在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面取得了很大的成就。

[主從時(shí)態(tài)須呼應(yīng)]

主從時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)即指，如果題干是主從復(fù)合句，可根據(jù)主從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的原則選擇相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。

例6 （2015北京卷） —Did you enjoy the party？

—Yes， we by our hosts.

A. were treated B. would be treated

C. treated D. had treated

解析 A。句意：—你喜歡這個(gè)聚會(huì)嗎？—是的，我們得到了主人款待。根據(jù)上一句中的did可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；且we和treated是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。所以空中應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。

例7 （2015湖南卷） I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I ， “What do you wish me to do now？”

A. ask B. have asked

C. am asking D. asked

解析 D。句意：當(dāng)我問(wèn)道，“你希望我現(xiàn)在做些什么？”的時(shí)候，我無(wú)法隱藏我的渴望。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。此題主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示這個(gè)事情和動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故從句時(shí)態(tài)也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

例8 （2015安徽卷） Just as I got to the school gate， I realized I my bank in the cafe.

A. have left B. had left

C would leave D. was leaving

解析 B。句意：當(dāng)我剛剛走到學(xué)校大門口時(shí)，我就意識(shí)到把銀行卡忘在餐館了。realized后省略了that，這里是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，從句時(shí)態(tài)與主句保持一致，“落下”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“意識(shí)到”之前，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

例9 （2015湖南卷） As you go through this book， you that each of the millions of people who lived through World War II had a different experience.

A. will find B. found

C. had found D. have found

解析 A。句意：當(dāng)你通讀這本書(shū)時(shí)，你將會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)成千上萬(wàn)經(jīng)歷過(guò)二戰(zhàn)的每個(gè)人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)句意，判斷主語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。在時(shí)態(tài)為一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中，有時(shí)有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)要從意思上判斷是否指未來(lái)的動(dòng)作或情況。

[語(yǔ)境體會(huì)有訣竅]

很多高考試題都趨向于情景化，注重上下文的理解。因此只有仔細(xì)體會(huì)語(yǔ)境才是解題的訣竅。

例10 （2015北京卷） —Did you have difficulty finding Ann house？

—Not really. She us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.

A. was to give B. had given

C. was giving D. would give

解析 B。句意：—你覺(jué)得找到安娜家的位置困難么？ —不會(huì)。她告訴了我們清晰的方位，然后我們很容易就找到了。根據(jù)題干可知，安娜“給我們很清晰的方位”發(fā)生在“我們找到她家之前”，因此，發(fā)生在過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。

例11 （2015重慶卷） —Is Peter coming？

—No， he his mind after a phone call at the last minute.

A. changes B. changed

C. was changing D. had changed

解析 B。句意：—彼得來(lái)了嗎？—沒(méi)有，最后一刻接到一個(gè)電話后他改變主意了。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故用一般過(guò)時(shí)態(tài)。

例12 （2015北京卷）—Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.

— All right. I him later.

A. will call B. have called

C. call D will be calling

解析 A。句意：—Dr. Jackson現(xiàn)在不在辦公室?！玫?，我待會(huì)再打給他。由later可知，表示將來(lái)要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作，用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。

[練習(xí)]

1. To my delight， I from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.

A. was chosen B. was being chosen

C. would choose D. had chosen

2. —Where is Peter？ I cant find him anywhere.

—He went to the library after breakfast and

his essay there ever since.

A. wrote B. had written

C. has been writing D. is writing

3. He must have sensed that I him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly， “Why are you staring at me like that？”

A. would look at B. looked at

C. was looking at D. am looking at

4. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy， but thankfully by the shop window.

A. am held back B. held back

C. hold back D. was held back

5. That is why I help brighten peoples days. If you ， whos to say that another person will？

A. did not B. do not

C. were not D. have not

6. The real reason why prices ， and still are， too high is complex， and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.

A. were B. will be

C. have been D. had been

7. At college， Barack Obama didnt know that he the first black president of the United States of America.

A. was to become B. becomes

C. is to become D. became

8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child， few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.

A. has been B. had been

C. was going to be D. was

9. Marty really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday.

A. worked B. has been working

C. had worked D. has worked

10. In my hometown， there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat cut.

A. will have been B. will be

C. was D. has been

[參考答案]

1～5. ACCDB 6～10. AACBD