形象法——英語閱讀的高效策略

湯穎

閱讀理解在高考150分中占40分。其實，“語言知識運用”的得分同樣取決于我們的閱讀水平，如果我們不能正確理解完形填空和語法填空題的文章，就沒法做好這兩道題，這部分在150分中占45分。閱讀理解和語言知識運用兩部分的分數(shù)加起來就在150分中占85分。因此，閱讀能力是決定高考分數(shù)高低或勝負的關(guān)鍵，每個考生都要特別重視。

在高考有限的時間內(nèi)如何既能快速閱讀文章，達到高考的要求呢？

首先，我們必須克服不良閱讀習慣：逐字閱讀一篇文章，閱讀時頭跟著視線從左到右移動，小聲讀，把讀的內(nèi)容翻譯成漢語等等。

其次，我向大家介紹我們通過區(qū)、市和省的課題“中學生高效英語學習策略實證研究——基于Oxford語言學習策略分類法”研究，總結(jié)出的高效英語學習策略——“形象法”。

為了使我們主管文字的左半腦和主管圖像和想象力的右半腦一起工作，使記憶力達到最好的效果，我們使用“形象法”?！靶蜗蠓ǎ║sing visualimagery）”，也就是把我們讀到和聽到的內(nèi)容可視化，頭腦想象讀到或聽到內(nèi)容的情景和畫面，從而使枯燥的記憶變得生動有趣，使我們能清楚容易地記住知識而不忘記，因為圖片能在我們的記憶中留下很深的印象。

怎樣使用“形象法”閱讀英語文章呢？一邊默讀理解，一邊在頭腦里想象閱讀內(nèi)容的情景和畫面，進入文章的情景。這樣，有助于快速閱讀和理解文章。如：

To be a good teacher， you need some of the gifts of a good actor； you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience； you must be a clear speaker， with a good， strong， pleasing voice which is fully under your control； and you must be able to act what you are teaching， in order to make its meaning clear.

Watch a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still before his class： he stands the whole time he is teaching； he walks about， using his arms， hands and fingers to help him in his explanations， and his face to express feelings. Listen to him， and you will hear the loudness， the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.

The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesnt mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage， for there are very important differences between the teachers work and the actors. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart； he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part， even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.

A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play：they ask and answer questions， they obey orders， and if they dont understand something， they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience， which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart， but must invent it as he goes along.

I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written.

1. What is the text about？

A. How to become a good teacher.

B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom.

C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other？

D. The similarities （相似處） and differences between a teachers work and an actors.

2. A good teacher ________.

A. knows how to hold the interest of his students

B. must have a good voice

C. knows how to act on the stage

D. stands or sits still while teaching

3. The word“audience”in the fourth paragraph means ________.

A. students

B. people who watch a play

C. people who arenot on the stage

D. people who listen to something

4. In what way is a teachers work different from an actors？

A. The teacher must learn everything by heart.

B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor.

C. He has to deal with unexpected situations.

D. He has to use more facial expressions.

5. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that _____.

A. students can move around in the classroom

B. students must keep silent while theatre audience neednt

C. no memory work is needed for the students

D. the students must take part in their teachersplay

如何運用“形象法”閱讀上面的文章？

每讀一段我們都要通過想象，在頭腦里出現(xiàn)所讀內(nèi)容的實際情景或場景，甚至表演出來，從而總結(jié)本段所述的主要內(nèi)容。上述這篇文章各段的段意如下：

（1）Paragraph 1：The similarities of a teacher and an actors work.

（2）Paragraph 2：A good teachers work.

（3）Paragraph 3：The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart， and even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand.

（4）Paragraph 4：They take an active part in class.

（5） Paragraph 5：They cant keep strictly to what another has written.

上篇閱讀文章的五個小題的答案如下：

第1題：考文章的主旨要義，它綜合和概括全文的內(nèi)容，答案是D：The similarities （相似處） and differences between a teachers work and an actors.

第2題：考文中具體信息，由課文第一段的第二句you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience可知，答案是A。

第3題：考根據(jù)上下文推測生詞的詞義，由它所在的句子His audience takes an active part in his play和前面的句子A good teacher works in quite a different way可看出，audience指 students，答案是A。

第4題：考查考生的推理判斷能力，由第四段His audience ask and answer questions， and if they dont understand something， they say so. The teacher cannot learn his part by heart， but must invent it as he goes along可以推斷出：The teacher has to deal with unexpected situations.答案是C。

第5題：考文中具體信息，由第四段的第2句His audience takes an active part in his play可知，答案是D。

練習題：請運用“形象法”閱讀下面的文章，并和小組同學討論分享自己的方法。

Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours（繞行路）in life than by the narrow road toward goals.I like this image.But it was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parentshome in Boise in nine hours.We traveled the way most people do： the fastest， shortest， easiest road， especially when I was alone with four noisy， restless kids who hate confinement（限制）and have strong opinions about everything.

Road trips felt risky，so I would drive fast， stopping only when I had to.We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

But then Banner， our lamb was born.He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.I had two choices： leave Banner with my husband， or take him with me.My husband made the decision for me.

That is how I found myself on the road with four kids， a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through.We took the country roads out of necessity.We had to stop every hour， let Banner shake out his legs and feed him.The kids chased him and one another.Theyd get back in the car breathless and energized， smelling fresh from the cold air.

We explored side roads， catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass.Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs following their mother， or fish leaping out of the water， it was better than the best ride down the freeway.Here was life.And new horizons（見識）.

We eventually arrived at my parentsdoorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.

I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique.On an empty section of road， everyone started quarreling.I stopped the car， ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead.I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight.But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of journey—and the best part of yourself.

1. Why did the author use to take freeways to her parents home？

A. It was less tiring.

B. It would be faster and safer.

C. Her kids would feel less confined.

D. She felt better with other drivers nearby.

2. The author stopped regularly on the country roads to ________.

A. relax in the fresh air

B. take a deep breath

C. take care of the lamb

D. let the kids play with Banner

3. What does the author discover from the trip according to Paragraph 6？

A. Freeways are where beauty hides.

B. Getting close to nature adds to the joy of life.

C. Enjoying the beauty of nature benefits ones health.

D. One should follow side roads to watch wild animals.

4. Why did the author ask the kids to get out of the car on their way back home？

A. To give herself some time to read.

B. To order some food for them.

C. To play a game with them.

D. To let them cool down.

5. What could be the best title for the passage？

A. Charm of the Detour

B. The Road to Bravery

C. Creativity out of Necessity

D. Road Trip and Country Life

答案：BCBDA

反思題：

1. 說一說：什么是“形象法”？如何運用“形象法”進行閱讀？

2. 把“形象法”運用到自己平時的學習中去，每個同學分享一篇用“形象法”進行閱讀的例子。