釧有聰,張立猛,焦永鴿,羅麗芬,方玉婷,廖靜靜,計(jì)思貴,朱書生,楊敏
1云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)生物多樣性與病蟲害控制教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南生物資源保護(hù)與利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,昆明650201;
2 云南省煙草公司玉溪市公司,玉溪 653100;
3 云南省煙草公司昭通市魯?shù)榭h分公司,魯?shù)?57100
大蒜與烤煙輪作對(duì)煙草黑脛病的防治效果及作用機(jī)理初探
釧有聰1,張立猛2,焦永鴿2,羅麗芬1,方玉婷3,廖靜靜1,計(jì)思貴2,朱書生1,楊敏1
1云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)生物多樣性與病蟲害控制教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,云南生物資源保護(hù)與利用國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,昆明650201;
2 云南省煙草公司玉溪市公司,玉溪 653100;
3 云南省煙草公司昭通市魯?shù)榭h分公司,魯?shù)?57100
為探討大蒜和烤煙輪作對(duì)煙草黑脛病的防治效果,本試驗(yàn)研究了大蒜根系分泌物及主要成分對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌的影響。結(jié)果表明,大蒜根系分泌物能顯著抑制游動(dòng)孢子的游動(dòng)及休止孢的萌發(fā);大蒜根系分泌物中的苯并噻唑和2種含硫化合物二烯丙基二硫醚、烯丙基甲基二硫醚對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)均具有較強(qiáng)的抑菌活性,其抑制活性均隨著供試濃度增加而增強(qiáng)。從而證實(shí):大蒜和烤煙輪作可以通過(guò)大蒜的根系分泌抑菌物降低煙草黑脛病的發(fā)生和危害,實(shí)現(xiàn)病害的生態(tài)防控。
大蒜;煙草黑脛病;作物輪作;根系分泌物質(zhì)
煙草黑脛病是危害煙草的一種毀滅性土傳病害,由煙草寄生疫霉(Phytophthoraparasiticavar.nicotianae)侵染引起,是世界煙草生產(chǎn)上危害最嚴(yán)重的病害之一,我國(guó)各煙葉主產(chǎn)區(qū)都有發(fā)生[1]。隨著煙田連作年限的延長(zhǎng)和連作面積的擴(kuò)大,該病害的發(fā)生呈逐年加重的趨勢(shì)[2]。我國(guó)平均每年因煙草黑脛病造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失高達(dá)1億元以上[3]。
輪作和間作是減輕土傳病害危害的有效措施之一。輪作和間作除了使病原菌失去寄主和增加根際有益微生物的種類和數(shù)量外[4-5],還能通過(guò)輪作作物揮發(fā)或分泌的抑菌物質(zhì)抑制土壤中的病原菌。萬(wàn)壽菊與番茄間作可明顯降低番茄枯萎病菌孢子萌發(fā)率[6]。煙草和水稻水旱輪作可明顯降低煙草黑脛病的發(fā)病率[7]。煙草和玉米、水稻輪作可以減少煙草青枯病的發(fā)生[8]。
大蒜與其它作物套作或輪作能有效控制土傳病害[9-10]。大蒜與瓜類輪作輔以休耕可以明顯減輕瓜類枯萎病的危害[9];大棚番茄套種大蒜可以抑制番茄根結(jié)線蟲病的發(fā)生[11];煙田套種大蒜能明顯降低土壤中青枯病菌和黑脛病菌的數(shù)量,增加有益放線菌的數(shù)量[12];這可能與大蒜釋放的化感物質(zhì)有關(guān)。植物化感物質(zhì)可以通過(guò)多種方式進(jìn)入土壤中,通過(guò)抑制病原菌,調(diào)節(jié)土壤微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)達(dá)到控制土傳病害的效果[13-14]。大蒜浸提液和揮發(fā)物對(duì)多種土傳病原菌具有明顯的抑制活性[15-17];大蒜根系分泌物可明顯抑制瓜類枯萎病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)和孢子萌發(fā)[18]。大蒜浸提液和根系分泌物的成分分析結(jié)果顯示,在浸提液中主要含有包括大蒜素、阿霍烯、硫醚在內(nèi)的18種抑菌成分[19-20];在根系分泌物中含有2,6-二異丙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基對(duì)甲酚和二烯丙基二硫醚等化感物質(zhì)[21]。課題組前期GC-MS和HPLC檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,大蒜的根系分泌物中主要含有苯并噻唑(BZO)及3種含硫化合物二烯丙基二硫醚(DADS)、烯丙基甲基二硫醚(MADS)和1-丙烯基甲基二硫醚(MPDS)等物質(zhì)(另文報(bào)道),但根系分泌物中的抑菌成分及其對(duì)煙草主要病害煙草黑脛病菌的抑制活性目前未見報(bào)道。
本文研究了利用大蒜與烤煙輪作對(duì)煙草黑脛病的控制效果,并深入分析大蒜根系分泌物及其中的含硫化合物對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌的抑菌活性,明確大蒜與烤煙輪作控制煙草黑脛病的化感原理,以期為利用大蒜輪作控制作物病害提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
田間試驗(yàn)于2012—2015 年在云南省玉溪市煙草公司趙桅試驗(yàn)基地(24.497 °N, 24.317 °E)進(jìn)行。試驗(yàn)煙田為砂壤土,是煙草黑脛病重發(fā)病田塊,前茬作物為煙草,煙草收獲后種植大蒜。
煙苗(KRK26 品種)由云南省玉溪煙草公司提供,該品種對(duì)煙草黑脛病高度感病。大蒜(Allium sativumL.,呈貢白蒜)購(gòu)于市場(chǎng),于移栽前10 d 放于室內(nèi)讓其自然露芽備用。煙草黑脛病菌煙草寄生疫霉(Phytophthoraparasiticavar.nicotianae)由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室分離自田間發(fā)病植株。馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂培養(yǎng)基(PDA培養(yǎng)基):馬鈴薯200 g,葡萄糖20 g,瓊脂16 g,加水定容至1 L。番茄燕麥培養(yǎng)基:燕麥200 g、番茄汁150 mL、瓊脂16 g,加水定容至1 L。供試化合物:苯并噻唑(BZO,純度97%)、二烯丙基二硫醚(DADS,純度80%)購(gòu)自Alfa Aesar化學(xué)有限公司。烯丙基甲基二硫醚(MADS,純度95%)購(gòu)自南京康滿林化工實(shí)業(yè)有限公司。
田間設(shè)置2個(gè)處理:(1)煙草與大蒜輪作。煙草5月移栽,10月采收結(jié)束;煙草收獲后種植大蒜,(株距10 cm,行距15 cm)第二年的4月收獲,大蒜收獲后5月再移栽煙草。(2)煙草連作。煙草5月種植,10月收獲,收獲后休耕,第二年5月再種植煙草。田間按隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),重復(fù)3 次,每一重復(fù)小區(qū)面積為200 m2。田間管理措施按當(dāng)?shù)貎?yōu)質(zhì)煙葉栽培技術(shù)規(guī)程進(jìn)行。
大蒜根系分泌物的收集參照劉屹湘[22]的方法進(jìn)行。將顆粒飽滿,大小一致的蒜瓣表面消毒后進(jìn)行4℃低溫催芽處理,選擇出芽長(zhǎng)度一致的蒜瓣播入根系分泌物連續(xù)收集裝置無(wú)底玻璃瓶中的石英砂內(nèi)進(jìn)行培養(yǎng),20 d后進(jìn)行根系分泌物的收集。循環(huán)收集大蒜的根系分泌物3 d,取下樹脂填充柱,用甲醇洗脫樹脂4次,收集洗脫液,使用旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀進(jìn)行減壓濃縮,除去洗脫液中的甲醇;去甲醇后的洗脫液在pH5.5~6.0的條件下與二氯甲烷以1∶2的比例進(jìn)行萃取,重復(fù)3次,將萃取液通過(guò)無(wú)水CaCO3除水,用旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀減壓濃縮至干,用甲醇溶解成濃度為10 mg/mL的母液,過(guò)0.45 μm有機(jī)濾膜,4 ℃冰箱低溫避光保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
用打孔器沿生長(zhǎng)4 d的菌落邊緣打取直徑為0.5 cm菌餅,產(chǎn)孢時(shí)將煙草黑脛病菌接種于番茄燕麥培養(yǎng)基上25 ℃黑暗培養(yǎng)7 d至菌絲繁茂后刮取菌絲,將菌絲在無(wú)菌水中25 ℃光照培養(yǎng)3~4 d后即產(chǎn)生孢子囊,用無(wú)菌水將孢子囊洗脫,將產(chǎn)孢的菌絲更換無(wú)菌水后于4 ℃冰箱放置20 min進(jìn)行冷刺激,然后室溫放置15 min釋放游動(dòng)孢子,再用血球計(jì)數(shù)板將游動(dòng)孢子懸浮液濃度調(diào)至105個(gè)孢子/mL備用。將游動(dòng)孢子懸浮液渦旋震蕩10 min使其鞭毛脫落,制成105個(gè)孢子/mL的休止孢懸浮液備用。
用無(wú)菌水將根系分泌物母液梯度稀釋50、250、500、5000倍,制成終濃度為0.2、0.04、0.02、0.002 mg/mL的稀釋液,以含有最高甲醇含量的無(wú)菌水為對(duì)照。取游動(dòng)孢子懸浮液、休止孢懸浮液各20 μL分別與不同濃度的根系分泌物各20 μL在凹玻片上混勻,20 ℃黑暗保濕培養(yǎng)。培養(yǎng)1、5、20、40、60、80、100、120 min后觀察游動(dòng)孢子休止的比例,每一重復(fù)觀察5個(gè)視野,每一視野計(jì)數(shù)100個(gè)游動(dòng)孢子中休止的個(gè)數(shù),計(jì)算休止率。培養(yǎng)一段時(shí)間后待對(duì)照的休止孢萌發(fā)率達(dá)到85%以上時(shí)計(jì)數(shù)觀察休止孢萌發(fā)的數(shù)量,計(jì)算100個(gè)休止孢的萌發(fā)率。每一處理設(shè)置4次重復(fù)。
課題組前期抑菌活性篩選的試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,1-丙烯基甲基二硫醚(MPDS)對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制活性低,因此本試驗(yàn)選取了大蒜根系分泌物中的1種苯并噻唑類化合物(BZO)和除MPDS 之外的2種含硫化合物(DADS和MADS)來(lái)進(jìn)行抑菌活性的深入研究。用甲醇將以上化合物制成濃度為105mg/L母液,按照體積比1∶100的比例分別加入已冷卻至50 ℃左右的PDA培養(yǎng)基中,充分混勻后倒入滅菌的培養(yǎng)皿(直徑90 mm),制成終濃度為10、100、200、300 mg/L(BZO) 和 200、500、800、1000 mg/L(DADS和MADS)的帶藥平板;以加入等體積甲醇的PDA平板為對(duì)照。沿生長(zhǎng)4 d的菌落邊緣打取菌餅(直徑0.5 cm),將菌餅接種于培養(yǎng)基中央,于25 ℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)黑暗培養(yǎng)。每處理設(shè)置4次重復(fù),待對(duì)照處理中菌落直徑長(zhǎng)至培養(yǎng)皿的2/3左右,采用“十字交叉法”測(cè)量菌落直徑。按照以下公式計(jì)算不同濃度化合物對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制率。抑制率(%)=(對(duì)照菌落平均直徑-各處理菌落平均直徑)/對(duì)照菌落平均直徑×100 %。
試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)采用 Excel 2003及SPSS 18.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,采用Duncan氏新復(fù)極差法和t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析。
2012—2015連續(xù)4年的田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,大蒜與煙草輪作可以明顯降低田間煙草黑脛病的發(fā)生,增加煙草產(chǎn)量(圖1)。2012年試驗(yàn)之初,用于大蒜-煙草輪作田塊的發(fā)病率明顯高于煙草連作田,2013年實(shí)行輪作后輪作田塊的發(fā)病率明顯降低,與連作田差異不明顯,隨著連作時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),2014—2015年煙草-大蒜輪作田的發(fā)病率顯著低于連作田。這表明大蒜和煙草輪作可以明顯降低田間煙草黑脛病的發(fā)生危害。輪作還可以明顯提高煙草的產(chǎn)量,隨著輪作時(shí)間的增加,煙草產(chǎn)量顯著提高,而連作處理中產(chǎn)量變化不大。
圖1 大蒜與煙草不同輪作模式對(duì)煙草黑脛病的防治效果及對(duì)產(chǎn)量的影響Fig.1 Control effects of tobacco and garlic with different rotation patterns on tobacco black shank and its effect on yield
黑脛病菌游動(dòng)孢子和休止孢的抑制試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明(表1),大蒜根系分泌物對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌游動(dòng)孢子游動(dòng)的抑制活性隨供試濃度增加而增強(qiáng)。在低濃度(0.001 mg/mL和0.01 mg/mL)時(shí),在觀察的時(shí)間內(nèi)未出現(xiàn)全部休止的現(xiàn)象,但隨著處理時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)游動(dòng)孢子休止的比例有所增加。在濃度為0.02 mg/mL時(shí),根系分泌物處理游動(dòng)孢子60 min后就可觀察到70 %以上的游動(dòng)孢子出現(xiàn)休止,到120 min后全部休止;當(dāng)濃度升高至0.1 mg/mL時(shí),游動(dòng)孢子在處理5 min后開始出現(xiàn)大量的休止孢,到20 min時(shí)游動(dòng)孢子全部休止。而對(duì)照在觀察的時(shí)間段內(nèi)仍有70 %以上的游動(dòng)孢子未出現(xiàn)休止。大蒜根系分泌物對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌休止孢的萌發(fā)有顯著的抑制活性,且抑制作用隨濃度增加而增強(qiáng),在濃度為0.1 mg/mL時(shí)的抑制率可達(dá)69.67 % (表 2)。
表1 大蒜根系分泌物對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌游動(dòng)孢子游動(dòng)的影響Tab.1 Effect of garlic root exudates on the swimming of zoospores of Phytophthora parasitica
表2 大蒜根系分泌物對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌休止孢萌發(fā)的影響Tab. 2 Effect of garlic root exudates on the germination of cystospore of Phytophthora parasitica
煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,大蒜中的苯并噻唑(BZO)及含硫化合物二烯丙基二硫醚(DADS)和烯丙基甲基二硫醚(MADS)對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)均具有較強(qiáng)的抑菌活性,且抑制活性隨著供試濃度增加而增強(qiáng)。與含硫化合物相比,苯并噻唑可以在更低的濃度下明顯抑制菌絲生長(zhǎng),在300 mg/L濃度時(shí)抑制率可以達(dá)到73.19 %(圖2)。DADS在供試濃度下對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制率在21.44 %~88.36 %(圖3),MADS在供試濃度下對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制率在47.14 %~92.98 %(圖4)。在供試最高濃度1000 mg/L濃度下,含硫化合物DADS和MADS可以顯著抑制煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)。
圖2 大蒜根系分泌化合物BZO對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制活性Fig.2 Inhibitory activity of garlic root exudate BZO on the mycelium growth of Phytophthora parasitica
圖3 大蒜根系分泌化合物DADS對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制活性Fig.3 Inhibitory activity of garlic root exudate DADS on the mycelium growth of Phytophthora parasitica
圖4 大蒜根系分泌化合物MADS對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)的抑制活性Fig.4 Inhibitory activity of garlic root exudate MADS on the mycelium growth of Phytophthora parasitica
利用作物輪作控制土傳病害的研究由來(lái)已久,許多植物在生長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中會(huì)通過(guò)揮發(fā)、根系分泌或地上部淋溶[4,23]等方式釋放一些物質(zhì)對(duì)周圍的植物或微生物產(chǎn)生影響[5,10]。本研究結(jié)果表明,利用大蒜和煙草輪作可以有效減輕煙草黑脛病的發(fā)生和危害,提高煙草產(chǎn)量。但由于田間病害發(fā)生受氣候影響較大,不同年份間發(fā)病情況存在較大差異,也導(dǎo)致大蒜與煙草輪作的防病效果在試驗(yàn)的后幾年差異不明顯。但是輪作處理顯著提高了煙草的產(chǎn)量,這可能是由于煙草和大蒜輪作降低黑脛病危害,減少了黑脛病對(duì)病害造成的損失。
生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐表明,利用蔥屬植物輪作或間作是減輕土傳病害的有效方法之一[9]。已有研究表明,大蒜浸提液對(duì)辣椒疫霉菌(Phytophthora capsici)、早疫病菌(Alternaria solani)、絲核菌(Rhizoctonia spp.)、灰霉菌(Botrytis cinerea)、白粉病菌(Erysiphe pisi)和核盤菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)孢子萌發(fā)和菌絲生長(zhǎng)均具有較強(qiáng)的抑制活性[15-16,26-30]。這與大蒜浸提液中含有大量的大蒜素及其降解的含硫化合物有關(guān)[19,31]。大蒜素不穩(wěn)定,會(huì)降解成多種含硫化合物,包括二烯丙基一硫化物(DAS)、二烯丙基二硫化物(DADS)、二烯丙基三硫化物(DATS)、二甲基三硫化物(DMTS)、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫雜-4-環(huán)己烯、3-乙烯基-1,2-二硫雜-5-環(huán)己烯和二甲基二硫醚[15]等。而這些具有抑菌活性的含硫化合物可以通過(guò)大蒜根系分泌到土壤中發(fā)揮抑菌活性從而減輕煙草黑脛病的危害。
根系分泌物是植物與土壤進(jìn)行物質(zhì)交換的重要載體物質(zhì),植物可以通過(guò)根系分泌物對(duì)根際微生物產(chǎn)生影響[5,10]。已有研究表明,玉米根系可以將辣椒疫霉菌游動(dòng)孢子吸附在根際,然后分泌出一些苯并噁嗪類抑菌物質(zhì)(如丁布等)抑制休止孢的萌發(fā)并使其裂解,從而阻隔游動(dòng)孢子在辣椒行間的傳播,有效控制辣椒疫病的蔓延[32]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,大蒜根系分泌物在短時(shí)間內(nèi)可以使游動(dòng)孢子迅速休止并顯著抑制其萌發(fā)侵染。大蒜和煙草輪作可明顯降低煙草黑脛病的發(fā)生危害可能也與大蒜根系分泌的抑菌物質(zhì)及其對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌孢子侵染行為的干擾有關(guān)。
本研究證實(shí)了大蒜根系分泌物中的含硫化合物二烯丙基二硫醚(DADS)和烯丙基甲基二硫醚(MADS)及苯并噻唑(BZO)對(duì)煙草黑脛病菌菌絲生長(zhǎng)均具有較強(qiáng)的抑菌活性。已有研究顯示,蔥屬作物產(chǎn)生的含硫化合物能夠氧化巰基,這可以使與微生物生長(zhǎng)繁殖有關(guān)的含硫巰基酶失活,或?qū)蜓趸幕衔锶缂“彼?、谷氨酸等產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制,又或?qū)δ承┟傅幕钚援a(chǎn)生非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制,從而對(duì)眾多病原菌起到抑制或殺滅作用[33-37]。苯并噻唑廣泛存在于玉米根系分泌物、洋蔥、龍須眼子菜、蘋果和大米中[38-40],且對(duì)多種植物病原真菌和卵菌均具有較強(qiáng)的抑制活性[41]。
植物根系還可以分泌多種物質(zhì)吸引微生物在根際聚集。大豆連作3年以上,真菌數(shù)量增加,重茬較正茬真菌增加18.0 %~35.5 %,且以青霉菌、鐮刀菌和立枯絲核菌占多數(shù)[42];玉米生長(zhǎng)活動(dòng)及根系代謝產(chǎn)物對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌、真菌和放線菌數(shù)量的增加有促進(jìn)作用[43]。本試驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)大蒜和煙草輪作后,輪作處理中煙草的產(chǎn)量逐年增加,這可能與輪作處理改善了土壤物理結(jié)構(gòu)或改變了根際微生物群落有關(guān),但還需后續(xù)相關(guān)試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行證實(shí)。
大蒜和煙草輪作可以減輕田間煙草黑脛病的發(fā)生危害,并顯著提高煙草產(chǎn)量。大蒜根系分泌物可以干擾煙草黑脛病菌孢子在土壤中的傳播侵染行為,并能分泌苯并噻唑和多種含硫化合物抑制煙草黑脛病菌菌絲的生長(zhǎng)。生產(chǎn)上可以利用大蒜和煙草輪作有效降低煙草黑脛病在田間的傳播危害,有利于克服目前化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的環(huán)境污染和抗藥性問(wèn)題,實(shí)現(xiàn)病害的生態(tài)防控。
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Control effects of tobacco and garlic rotation on tobacco black shank and a preliminary study on the inhibition mechanism
CHUAN Youcong1, ZHANG Limeng2, JIAO Yongge2, LUO Lifen1, FANG Yuting3,LIAO Jingjing1, JI Sigui2, ZHU Shusheng1, YANG Min1
1 Key Laboratory for Agro-biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China;
2 Yunnan Yuxi Municipal Tobacco Company, Yuxi 653100, Yunnan, China;
3 Yunnan Ludian County Tobacco Company, Ludian 657100, Yunnan, China
Control effects of tobacco and garlic (Allium sativum)rotation on tobacco black shank for four consecutive years were monitored and the antimicrobial activity of garlic root exudates and its contained compounds againstPhytophthora parasiticavar.nicotianaewere analyzed. Results demonstrated that incidence of tobacco black shank was significantly reduced after rotation with garlic,and tobacco production was also significantly improved. Root exudates secreted by garlic could inhibit zoospore motility and cystospore germination. Benzothiazole, diallyl disulfide ether and methyl allyl disulfide ether, contained in the root exudates ofA. sativum, showed strong inhibitory activity against mycelium growth of P.parasiticavar.nicotianae, and inhibitory activity was dose-dependent. Garlic rotated with tobacco not only effectively control occurrence and damage of tobacco black shank, but also increase tobacco yield, partly due to the antifungal activity ofA. sativumroot exudates, which are useful to achieve ecological control of tobacco diseases.
garlic; tobacco black shank; crop rotation; root exudates
釧有聰,張立猛,焦永鴿,等. 大蒜與烤煙輪作對(duì)煙草黑脛病的防治效果及作用機(jī)理初探[J]. 中國(guó)煙草學(xué)報(bào),2016,22(5)
云南省煙草公司科技計(jì)劃(2012YN42);云南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)自然科學(xué)青年基金資助項(xiàng)目(2015ZR01);云南省科技計(jì)劃面上項(xiàng)目(2016FB148)。
釧有聰(1990—),碩士,主要研究方向?yàn)樯锒鄻有钥刂撇『Γ?Email:chuanyoucong@163.com;
楊 敏(1981—),講師,博士,Tel∶ 0871-65220591,Email:yangminscnc@126.com
2016-05-31
:CHUAN Youcong, ZHANG Limeng, JIAO Yongge, et al. Control effects of tobacco and garlic rotation on tobacco black shank and a preliminary study on the inhibition mechanism [J]. Acta Tabacaria Sinica, 2016, 22(5)