蕁麻科二新種

王文采

(中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化植物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100093)

蕁麻科二新種

王文采

(中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所系統(tǒng)與進(jìn)化植物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，北京 100093)

描述了發(fā)現(xiàn)自江西的蕁麻科艾麻屬一新種，靖安艾麻，和發(fā)現(xiàn)自云南的同科水麻屬一新種，河口水麻；并給出靖安艾麻與中國(guó)同屬其他種的區(qū)別特征以及河口水麻與其近緣種長(zhǎng)葉水麻的區(qū)別特征。

蕁麻科；艾麻屬；水麻屬；新種；中國(guó)

圖1 A～E.靖安艾麻：A.雌莖頂部；B.花簇，具2雌花和3瘦果；C.雌花；D.宿存花被和瘦果；E.瘦果 F～K.河口水麻：F.當(dāng)年生枝一段；G.生于老枝上落葉腋部的一對(duì)雌聚傘花序；H.雌團(tuán)傘花序：I.雌團(tuán)傘花序基部的密集苞片：J.雌花；K.雌蕊Fig.1 A-E.Laportea jinganensis：A. Apical part of pistillate stem; B. Flower cluster,with 2 pistillate flowers and 3 achenes; C. Pistillate flower; D. Persistent perianth and achene; E. Achene(from hologype) F-K.Debregeasia hekouensis：F. A part of hornotinous branch; G. A pair of pistillate cymes arising from an axil of a fallen leaf of old branch; H. Pistillate glomerule; I. Conferted numerous bracts at base of pistillate glomerule; J. Pistillate flower; K. Pistil(F,H-K from holotype,G from isotype)

靖安艾麻 圖1: A～E

LaporteajinganensisW. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1: A-E

Species nova haec caulibus et foliis glabris pilis urentibus carentibus, stipulis minutis late triangularibus usque ad 1 mm longis indivisis, acheniis deltoideis laevibus intra generemLaporteaminsignis est, et cum characteribus tribus his a congeneribus sinensibus omnibus ceteris distinguitur. In eis, caules et folia pilis urentibus obtecta, stipulae majores, plerumque lanceolatae, 3-14 mm longae, 2-lobatae, et achenia obovata vel ovata, aut si triganularia nunc verruculosa sunt.

Herbs. Underground organs and basal part of stem unknown. Stems ca. 30 cm tall, below ca. 1 mm across, glabrous, ca. 7-leaved. Leaves alternate, slenderly petiolate, glabrous; blades thinly papery, ovate, rarely broadly ovate, 4.9-9.5 cm×1.5-5.5 cm, apex acuminate or cuspidate, base rounded or subtruncate, margin dentate; nervation trinerved, rarely penninerved, midrib with 2 pairs of secondary nerves; cystoliths dense, conspicuous, puncticulate; petioles 0.5-7.8 cm long; stipules yellow, broadly triangular, 0.5-1 mm×0.3-0.8 mm. Staminate inflorescences and staminate flower unknown. Pistillate inflorescences spike-like, singly arising from axils of apical cauline leaves, slender, 6.5-16 cm long; rachis densely puberulous (hairs 0.05-1 mm long), with 20-50 small flower clusters; clusters 1-3 mm in diam., 3-5-flowered. Pistillate flower: Pedicel 0-0.5 mm long, glabrous; tepals 4, unequal in size and different in shape, oblong-ovate, broadly or narrowly ovate, 0.5-0.8 mm×0.15-0.5 mm, in fruiting time slightly enlarged, abaxially on midrib sparsely puberulous, on margin ciliolate; ovary narrowly ovoid, ca. 0.9 mm long, glabrous; style tail-like, ca. 2 mm long. Achenes yellowish-white, flattened, deltoid, ca. 1.8 mm×1.5 mm, glabrous, smooth, shortly stiped.

江西(Jiangxi)：靖安縣，石境(Jingan Xian,Shijing)，alt. 1 470 m，山谷林中(under forest in valley)，草本高1 m；花淡綠色(herbs 1 m tall;fls. greenish)，1997-09-03，張吉華(J. H. Zhang)97056(holotype,PE)。

本種的莖和葉無(wú)毛，自然也就無(wú)刺毛(stinging hairs)，托葉小，寬三角形，長(zhǎng)達(dá)1 mm，不分裂，瘦果正三角形，光滑，這些形態(tài)特征在艾麻屬中罕見(jiàn)，根據(jù)上述特征即可將本種與我國(guó)艾麻屬其他種區(qū)分開(kāi)。在我國(guó)艾麻屬其他種，莖和葉均被刺毛，托葉較大，多呈披針形，長(zhǎng)3～14 mm，二裂，瘦果呈倒卵形或卵形，如為三角形時(shí)，則具小疣狀突起[1,3]。

河口水麻 圖1：F～K

DebregeasiahekouensisW. T. Wang, sp. nov. Fig.1: F-K

Species nova haec est affinisD.longifoliae(Burm. f.) Wedd., quae foliis subtus cinereo-albo-pannosis nervis secundariis 5-8-jugatis praeditis, cymis pistillatis minoribus 0.8-2 cm latis semel ad ter ramosis, earum pedunculis 1-5 mm longis recedit.

Shrubs. Stems ca. 2 m tall, 2-3 cm across (according to collector); hornotinous branches ca. 2 mm across, annual branches 3-5 mm across, all spreading-puberulous. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blades papery, narrowly ovate or broadly lanceolate, 9-18(-22) cm×3-6.8(-13) cm, apex acuminate or attenuate, base broadly cuneate, margin denticulate; surfaces adaxially strigose, abaxially appressed-puberulous; nervation trinerved, with lateral basal nerves spreading upwards surpassing the middle of leaf blade, and with ca. 3 pairs of secondary nerves; cystoliths dense, minutely punctiform; petioles ca. 5 cm long, densely strigillose; stipules unknown. Staminate cymes and staminate flower unknown. Pistillate cymes in pairs axillary, those arising from leaf axils of hornotinous branch small, ca. 3 mm×9 mm, one to two times dichotomously branched, 2-4-glomerulate, with peduncles ca. 4 mm long, those arising from axils of fallen leaves of annual or more older branches large, 3-6 cm×5-9 cm, four to six times dichotomously branched, with numerous glomerules and with peduncles 1.5-4.5 cm long; branches with peduncles hirtellous; bract 1 or wanting, linear, ca. 2 mm long, hirtellous; glomerules subglobose, 2-4 mm in diam., multi-flowered, at base, i. e. on top of ultimate branch with numerous conferted bracts which are brown, membranous, deltoid, ovate or narrowly ovate, 0.4-0.6 mm×0.15-0.6 mm, abaxially on midrib with a few hairs, on margin ciliate. Pistillate flower nearly sessile: Perianth brownish, urceolate, ca. 1 mm long, above sparsely strigose, apex inconspicuously 4-dentate; ovary ovoid, ca. 0.7 mm long, glabrous, at base abruptly narrowed; stigma penicillate, with hairs spreading and at base connate.

云南(Yunnan)：河口縣，南溪(Hekou Xian,Nanxi)，alt. 300 m，山谷熱帶雨林邊(at margin of tropical rain forest in valley)，灌木高2 m，粗2～3 cm；葉長(zhǎng)達(dá)22 cm，寬達(dá)13 cm，背面綠色(shrub 2 m tall,with stem 2-3 cm across;leaves up to 22 cm long and 13 cm broad,abaxially green)，1993-11-08，陳家瑞(C.J.Chen)93073(holotype,PE; isotypes of 3 sheets,PE)。

本種在親緣關(guān)系方面接近長(zhǎng)葉水麻(Debregeasialongifolia(Burm.f.) Wedd.)，與后者的區(qū)別在于本種的葉下面被短柔毛，具約3對(duì)二級(jí)脈，一年生枝或老枝上生的雌聚傘花序碩大，寬5～9 cm，四至六回分枝，具多數(shù)團(tuán)傘花序，其花序梗長(zhǎng)1.5～4.5 cm。在長(zhǎng)葉水麻，葉片下面密被灰白色氈毛，具5～8對(duì)二級(jí)脈，所有的雌聚傘花序都較小，寬0.8～2 cm，一至三回分枝，具2～8個(gè)團(tuán)傘花序，花序梗長(zhǎng)1～5 mm[2,4～5]。

致謝深切感謝鐘小紅女士打印本文稿件。

1.陳家瑞.Laportea[M].//王文采,陳家瑞.中國(guó)植物志第23卷第2冊(cè).北京：科學(xué)出版社，1995，23(2)：31-43.

2.陳家瑞.Debregeasia[M].//王文采，陳家瑞.中國(guó)植物志第23卷第2冊(cè).北京：科學(xué)出版社，1995，23(2)：388-396.

3.Chen J R，F(xiàn)riis I，Wilmot-Dear C M.Laportea[M].//Wu Z Y，Raven P H.Flora of China.Beijing：Science Press，Missouri：Missouri Botanical Garden Press，2003：85-88.

4.Chen J R，F(xiàn)riis I，Wilmot-Dear C M.Debregeasia[M].//Wu ZY，Raven P H.Flora of China.Beijing：Science Press，Missouri：Missouri Botanical Garden Press，2003：185-187.

5.Wilmot-dear C M，F(xiàn)riis I.Debregeasiaaustralissp. nov.(Urticaceae)，with a new synopsis of and a new key to the genus[J].Edinburgh Journal of Botany，2012，69(2)：301-311.

TwoNewSpeciesofUrticaceaefromChina

WANG Wen-Tsai

(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Scienses,Beijing 100093)

A species of the genusLaportea(Urticaceae),L.jinganensis, and a species of the genusDebregeasia(also Urticaceae),D.hekouensis, are described as new from Jiangxi Province and Yunnan Province respectively. The diagnostic differences betweenL.jinganensisand its Chinese congeners and betweenD.hekouensisand its ally,D.longifolia, are given respectively.

Urticaceae;Laportea;Debregeasia;new species;China

王文采(1926—)，男，研究員，中國(guó)科學(xué)院院士，從事有花植物分類學(xué)研究。

2016-03-30

Q949.737.5

A

10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2016.04.001