褐煤提質(zhì)廢物制備高端節(jié)能環(huán)保材料關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與示范

褚臘林 劉麗麗 王景峰 張文平 湯潔

摘 要：本課題以褐煤提質(zhì)技術(shù)、提質(zhì)廢物及燃煤粉煤灰為研究對(duì)象，針對(duì)褐煤含水和灰分高、提質(zhì)固廢利用率低及粉煤灰綜合利用率低，廢渣中含有諸如腐植酸、燃料元素等高質(zhì)成份等問(wèn)題，開(kāi)展褐煤提質(zhì)、提質(zhì)廢渣及粉煤灰的綜合利用研究。上一年度進(jìn)行了褐煤提質(zhì)新工藝以及產(chǎn)品性能檢測(cè)等研究工作，并完成了長(zhǎng)春國(guó)傳能源科技開(kāi)發(fā)有限公司年產(chǎn)50萬(wàn)噸/年提質(zhì)褐煤項(xiàng)目的選址、備案及環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)等項(xiàng)目前期工作的基礎(chǔ)上，本年度完成了50萬(wàn)噸/年洗選蒸脫法褐煤提質(zhì)生產(chǎn)線的設(shè)計(jì)與設(shè)備的安裝和調(diào)試工作，其中關(guān)鍵設(shè)備高壓蒸脫槽及與之配套的三項(xiàng)（二次蒸汽、物料煤、灰水）分離器、疏水罐等的設(shè)計(jì)和制造工作已近完成，并完成了四套高壓蒸脫器及配套裝置的制造、安裝與調(diào)試工作；到目前為止已生產(chǎn)出了提質(zhì)褐煤產(chǎn)品5萬(wàn)噸；此外，對(duì)于褐煤提質(zhì)廢物粉煤灰的研究也取得了較好進(jìn)展。上一年度完成了粉煤灰熔體基礎(chǔ)物性分析工作，以及粉煤灰制備纖維復(fù)合外墻和多孔外墻保溫材料的工藝和影響因素的研究工作。本年度對(duì)粉煤灰制備纖維復(fù)合外墻的最優(yōu)生產(chǎn)工藝進(jìn)行了更為深入的研究，并完成了10萬(wàn)立方米纖維復(fù)合外墻保溫材料示范線的建設(shè)、設(shè)備選型和調(diào)試等工作，并進(jìn)行了部分產(chǎn)品的試生產(chǎn)；對(duì)于5萬(wàn)立方米多孔外墻保溫材料的示范線工程已經(jīng)完成建設(shè)工作，現(xiàn)正進(jìn)行設(shè)備的選型和部分制造工作。此外，對(duì)于纖維產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了熱學(xué)性能以及基礎(chǔ)物性的分析和測(cè)試研究，同時(shí)，對(duì)于新型輕質(zhì)墻板保溫材料的制備工藝和產(chǎn)品系能進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究，取得了性能良好的輕質(zhì)保溫材料產(chǎn)品。截止到目前為止，本課題總計(jì)申請(qǐng)國(guó)家發(fā)明專(zhuān)利2項(xiàng)，獲得國(guó)家授權(quán)發(fā)明專(zhuān)利5項(xiàng)，發(fā)表文章4篇，其中，本年度獲得國(guó)家授權(quán)發(fā)明專(zhuān)利2項(xiàng)，發(fā)表文章3篇，通過(guò)本課題的研究可以為褐煤提質(zhì)廢渣及粉煤灰高值利用、為我國(guó)褐煤資源豐富但水資源貧乏的蒙東地區(qū)工牧業(yè)用水提供新的途徑，課題研究屬于典型的能源廢物高值化利用項(xiàng)目.

關(guān)鍵詞：褐煤提質(zhì)；固廢；粉煤灰；示范工程；洗選蒸脫法

Abstract：This project takes the technology of the lignite grading， the utilization of its waste and coal ash as the research object. Because the lignite is rich in water， with high ash， and the lower utilization of its waste and coal ash， the research is mainly focus on the process of lignite grading， and the efficient and comprehensive utilization of its waste and coal ash， In the past year， the new process of the lignite grading and the capacity of the production were investigated. The site selection， register and environmental impact assessment for the 50 Million tons / year demonstration project were finished. In this year， the design of the demonstration project and the installation and debugging of the key devices were already done， especially the design and manufacture of the high pressure steam bath， the three-phase separator and the water jar almost finished and the manufacture， installation and debugging of four sets high pressure steam bathes had been done. For the moment， 5 tones production have been produced by the demonstration project. The basic properties of coal ash， the preparation of fiber-composite materials and porous material have been investigated. In this year， we continued to study the finest productive technology and construct the demonstration project of 100 thousand cubic meters fiber composite materials and 50 thousand cubic meters porous materials. Otherwise， we are going to study the thermal properties and the basic performance and the relative measurements of the fiber materials. For the new light thermal insulating materials， we need to investigate the preparation technology and the performance of the production. Finally， we intend to obtain the materials with good properties. For the present， we have applied for 2 national invention patents and obtained 5 authorizations of national invention patents and 4 published articles. Through the study of this project， we want to offer new utility method for the lignite and coal ash.

Key words：Lignite grading； Waste； Coal ash； Demonstration project； Washing and separated method

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