“星—機—地”生態(tài)環(huán)境遙感反演與設備研制2014年度研究報告

陳良富 王力 李昂 柴子為 王子峰

摘 要：為尋求一系列能敏感、清晰地反映生態(tài)系統(tǒng)站木特征及生態(tài)環(huán)境變化趨勢的定量遙感參數，構建可業(yè)務化的定量生態(tài)環(huán)境質量監(jiān)測指標體系，以在時究尺度上對特定區(qū)域范圍內生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)組合體的類型、結構和功能及其組合要素進行系統(tǒng)地測定，研究圍繞生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和景觀生態(tài)學等理念，從區(qū)域植被組成狀況、植被結構狀況和植被功能狀況3個方面入手。在多源、多尺度立體監(jiān)測數據生態(tài)環(huán)境參數提取研究基礎上，重點研究與生產生態(tài)環(huán)境質量監(jiān)測與評價的相關參數產品。2014年的主要研究工作為，在基于物候信息和數據擬合算法的支持下，進行了多源遙感數據農作物精細分類、植被遙感決策樹分類等方法模型研究；根據NDVI隨觀測角度的變化規(guī)律構造出新型多角度歸一化植被指數MNDVI，用以解決LAI反演中過飽和問題，并將實測和估算LAI進行線性回歸來進行精度驗證。嘗試通過結構方程模型建立地表生物量（或LAI）及土壤有機碳與土壤呼吸的關系，實現(xiàn)空間上大面積的土壤有機碳含量估算，并進行土壤呼吸情況的空間分布估計。衛(wèi)星遙感已被廣泛用于大氣環(huán)境監(jiān)測與氣候變化研究之中，其大范圍、動態(tài)連續(xù)的觀測能力對地面觀測形成了有益的補充。該研究基于我國大氣環(huán)境監(jiān)測的實際需要，基于衛(wèi)星觀測與大氣模式、氣象數據相結合的思路，初步實現(xiàn)了對流層HCHO柱濃度反演、近地面N02濃度估算，以及基于常規(guī)期限觀測的氣溶膠吸濕增長特性近似等方法的研究，為進一步滿足實際的業(yè)務監(jiān)測需要，提高遙感反演精度提供支撐。地基大氣痕量氣體與氣溶膠遙感儀器主要用于獲取大氣痕量氣體柱濃度和垂直分布廓線以及氣溶膠光學厚度和消光系數廓線，為星載、機載數據驗證提供技術手段。該年度完成了地基大氣痕量氣體與氣溶膠紫外可見光譜遙感探測系統(tǒng)的總體設計、各項關鍵分系統(tǒng)的設計和加工，包括二維掃描和望遠鏡單元、光譜探測單元、恒溫控制單元等，開展了紫外可見多組分氣體濃度反演算法研究等。并進行了實驗室測試及實驗工作，測試了系統(tǒng)關鍵部件和驗收數據處理算法。

關鍵詞：中文生態(tài)環(huán)境遙感、大氣環(huán)境遙感、地基大氣遙感、示范應用、系統(tǒng)開發(fā)集成

Abstract：This study started from regional vegetation composition status， vegetation structural status and vegetation functional status surrounding ecosystem and landscape ecology concepts. Based on the study of ecological parameter extraction from multi-source， multi-scale and multi-dimension monitoring data， this study focus on parameter productions concerning ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation. The main work in the year 2014 was， the study of multi-source remote sensing data fine crop classification， decision tree classification of remote sensing of vegetation and other methods and models with the support of phenological information and data fitting algorithm. According to the observed NDVI variation with angle， constructed a new multi-angle normalized difference vegetation index MNDVI， to solve the problem of LAI oversaturated retrieval， and make accuracy verification of measured and estimated LAI. Attempt to establish the relationship between above ground biomass （or LAI） and soil organic carbon by building structural equation model， to estimate soil organic carbon content in a large spatial area， and to estimate spatial distribution of soil respiration. Satellite remote sensing has been widely used in atmospheric environment monitoring and climate change researches. This study developed initial method of estimating ground-level NO2 using satellite observations and atmospheric model simulations. Also， a new approach of approximating hygroscopic growth behaviors of particles based on meteorological measurements， such as VIS and RH， has been established and validated initially.Ground-based trace gases and aerosol telemetry instrument is used to achieve the column density of trace gases and vertical profile， along with the aerosol optical density and extinction coefficient profile. The main progress of this year is mainly focused on the overall design of the ground-based trace gases and aerosol telemetry instrument applied in ultraviolet visible wavelength； design and manufacture of the key subsystem， including two-dimensional scanning telescope， spectrum detection unit， constant temperature control unit； and research of UV visible multi component gas concentration retrieval algorithm. Laboratory test and the experimental work have been carried out， the key parts of the system and data processing algorithm has been tested.

Key Words：Ecological Environment Remote Sensing；Atmospheric Environment Remote Sensing；Ground-based Atmospheric Remote Sensing， Demonstrative Application；System Development and Integration

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