提高閱讀速度的

[抓住題目、首句、首段]

每一篇文章的題目、首句、首段往往是文章內(nèi)容的高度概括。在開始閱讀前，要根據(jù)這些推測文章的內(nèi)容，可以在一定程度上掃清可能出現(xiàn)的理解障礙，加速理解過程，提高閱讀速度。

[抓住題干]

閱讀題干，首先要掌握問題的類型，分清是客觀信息題還是主觀判斷題?？陀^信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案，而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)，作者未加陳述的觀點以及貫穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位，再將其整合、甄別、分析、對比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項，選出正確答案。

[抓住猜測詞義]

在閱讀的過程中，同學(xué)們都會不可避免地遇到生詞。而在關(guān)鍵的地方，對這些生詞詞義的推測和正確理解與否直接影響到同學(xué)們對句子意思的把握和對全文的理解，以及對文章內(nèi)容的正確把握。詞匯量的大小在一定程度上影響閱讀速度的快慢及閱讀理解的準確率，因此根據(jù)上下文猜詞義就成了一個重要的閱讀技巧。在詞匯量大致相同的情況下，有的同學(xué)能運用這一技巧準確理解原文，有的同學(xué)則只因為閱讀中碰到兩三個生詞而導(dǎo)致對原文的誤解。其實我們可以抓住文章的主要內(nèi)容，根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義來提高閱讀速度。少數(shù)生詞的存在決不會影響閱讀理解。猜測并不是對文章進行臆測，它要求同學(xué)們能夠調(diào)動自己的所有知識，文化的、語言的等等，克服自己由于詞匯量的不足帶來的閱讀障礙，較為準確地掌握文章的中心內(nèi)容。

例1 Imagine， one day， getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours， and then， after a full day of work， going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.

Sounds unusual， doesnt it？ But its not that unrealistic， with the development of Chinas high-speed railway system. And thats not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan-to connect the country with Southeast Asia， and eventually Eastern Europe.

China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years， eventually reaching London and Singapore.

China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan， and possiblyto Germany. The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.

If Chinas plan for the high-speed railway goes forward， people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days.

The new system would still follow Chinas high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour， almost as fast as some airplanes.

Chinas bullet train （高速客車）， the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou， already has the Worlds fastest average speed. It covers 1，069 kilometers in about three hours.

Of course， there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to be settled， such as safety， rail gauge （軌距）， maintenance of railway tracks. So， its important to pay attention to every detail.

But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion.

China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development.

Itll be a win-win project. For other countries， the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business， tourism and so on， not to mention the better communication among those countries

For China， such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources， but would also help develop Chinas far west. We foresee that in the coming decades， millions of people will migrate to the western regions， where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains， people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And theyll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.

1. Chinas new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because .

A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions

B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways

C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries

D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation， business and tourism

2. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .

A. technical issues

B. safety of the system

C. financial problems

D. maintenance of railway tracks

3. Which of the following words best describes the authors attitude towards Chinas high-speed railway plan？

A. Critical. B. Reserved.

C. Doubtful. D. Positive.

4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？

A. New Railway Standards

B. Big Railway Dreams

C. High-speed Bullet Trains

D. International Railway Network

解析 1. B。由文章倒數(shù)第二段可知：高鐵的發(fā)展可以提供更多的商業(yè)旅游機會， 更加強了國與國之間的聯(lián)系。由此可以推斷中國和所涉及到的國家會從中受益。

2. C。由倒數(shù)第四段的第一句話“But the key issue is really money ...”可知：錢（財經(jīng)）是關(guān)鍵的問題。

3. D。由最后一段，作者預(yù)測： “that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions... With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all.And theyll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries”，可以推斷作者對高鐵的發(fā)展所持的是積極的態(tài)度。

4. B。文章的第一段是主題段，尤其是imagine 一詞更能突現(xiàn)dream這一關(guān)鍵詞。

[抓住略讀]

略讀，指以最快的速度粗略地對文章的內(nèi)容獲以梗概，而查閱，指以最快的速度從一篇文章中淘沙揀金，獲取讀者所需的材料或信息，包括查找人名、地名、事件發(fā)生的事件或地點等。首先快速瀏覽文章的前面幾段，以便對文章的內(nèi)容、背景、寫作的風(fēng)格以及作者的觀點等有所了解，而對后面的一些段落可以只讀每段的主題句。主題句一般位于句首、句末，也有少數(shù)插入段中。

[抓住構(gòu)詞法]

英語中許多詞由詞根和詞綴組成。掌握英語的詞根、前綴和后綴，對構(gòu)詞法有一定的概念，不但是擴充詞匯量的一條便捷途徑，同時也可以在閱讀中判斷生詞的準確詞意，從而提高閱讀速度。同學(xué)們一定要重視利用詞綴來擴充詞匯量和通過理解詞綴的意義來判斷生詞的確切含義，從而達到提高閱讀速度的目的。

[培養(yǎng)好閱讀習(xí)慣]

在閱讀的過程中，同學(xué)們不必讀出聲，盡量不回視，一口氣讀完。不懂時，可根據(jù)問題的要求重讀，有針對性地查找相關(guān)信息。閱讀時要養(yǎng)成這樣的習(xí)慣：以意群為閱讀單位，不要逐詞逐詞的讀。必須經(jīng)過長時期的訓(xùn)練才會有效果。而且，要注意將提高速度、豐富詞匯量、擴大知識面與提高閱讀能力，灌輸閱讀技巧有機地結(jié)合起來。

例2 Science cant explain the power of pets， but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure （血壓） and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack， reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.

Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some， an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress （緊張） levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners—while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic （算術(shù)） or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone， with a husband/wife， a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room， people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed （放松） around pets， says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets dont judge.

A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs； a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average， people lost about I1 pounds， or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better， losing an average of 12 pounds， more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.

1.What does the text mainly discuss？

A.What pets bring to their owners.

B.How pets help people calm down.

C.Peoples opinions of keeping pets.

D.Pets value in medical research.

2.We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if .

A.he has a pet companion

B.he has less stress of work

C.he often does mental arithmetic

D.he is taken care of by his family

3.According to Allen， why did the people do better with pets around when lacing stressful tasks？

A.They have lower blood pressure.

B.They become more patient.

C.They are less nervous.

D.They are in higher spirits.

4.The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that ___________.

A.people with dogs did more exercise

B.dogs lost the same weight as people did

C.dogs liked exercise much more than people did

D.people without dogs found the program unhelpful.

解析 1. A。文章談到了寵物對降低血壓，心臟病的治療，減少孤獨感都有好處，因此，本文所探討的是寵物會給主人帶來什么。

2. A。根據(jù)文章的第一段“... raise chance of recovering from a hear attack ...可以推斷出答案。

3. C。由文章第二段“It seems people feel more relaxed （放松） around pets， says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets dont judge.”可知，有寵物陪伴，人們會感到放松，也就不緊張了。

4. A。從文章的最后一句話Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing可知有狗的人并未比沒有狗的人減少更多的體重， 然而他們和狗一起運動得更多。