非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞易錯(cuò)對(duì)比

周偉

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是指在句子中不是謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，主要包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞），即動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞除了不能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)外，可以承擔(dān)句子的其他成分。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞歷來(lái)是高考考查的重點(diǎn)?？疾橐c(diǎn)一般在下面幾個(gè)方面設(shè)置：兩個(gè)及多個(gè)動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一般式、完成式和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)及獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)保持一致等，試題的命題方向是考查注重語(yǔ)境，強(qiáng)調(diào)基本概念的運(yùn)用，同學(xué)們對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用在備考時(shí)要引起足夠的重視。以下例題就易錯(cuò)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的題型時(shí)行對(duì)比說(shuō)明。

例1 ①________ by some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.

②________ some children， the teacher entered the Town Hall.

A. Following B. To be followed

C. Having followed D. Followed

解析 DA。①主句的主語(yǔ)與分詞為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系； ②主句的主語(yǔ)與分詞為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

例2 ①The teacher told us that this English poem was ________.

②The teacher told us that this English poem was difficult ________.

A. understanding B. to understand

C. to be understood D. understand

解析 CB。①?zèng)]有形容詞作表語(yǔ)，不定式用被動(dòng)式；②有形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式要用主動(dòng)式與形容詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。

例3 ①They worked all day， _______ for the sports meeting.

②They worked all day _______ for the sports meeting.

A. prepare B. preparing

C. prepared D. to prepare

解析 BD。①preparing伴隨狀語(yǔ)；②to prepare目的狀語(yǔ)。

例4 ①Their team is sure ____ the game. Im confident in them.

②Their team is sure ______ the game. Theyre confident in themselves.

A. to win B. win

C. to winning D. of winning

解析 AD。①be sure to do“一定會(huì)……”；②be sure of doing“對(duì)做……有把握”。

例5 ①There is a large waiting room there， _______ a lot of passengers.

②There are a lot of passengers ______ in the waiting room there.

A. seating B. sitting

C. seats D. sits

解析 AB。①非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞seating這里是及物的，應(yīng)接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，意為“使（讓?zhuān)妥?；②sitting不及物動(dòng)詞，分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。

例6 ①—Im going to town. I have something ________ to my sister.

②—Im going to town. Do you have anything ________ to your sister？

A. taking B. to be taken

C. to take D. taken

解析 CB。①“帶去”的動(dòng)作是“I”發(fā)出的，故不定式用主動(dòng)式“to take”；②“帶去”的動(dòng)作不是“you”發(fā)出的，故不定式要用被動(dòng)式“to be taken”

例7 ①—Have you _____ to Jack for many years？

—No， just one year.

②—Have you ______ to Jack？

—Not yet.

A. been marrying B. married

C. got married D. been married

解析 DC。①表示可持續(xù)性狀態(tài)用be married； ②表示行為動(dòng)作要用get married，且不能持續(xù)。

例8 ①Seeing my mother is busy， I cant help ________ housework.

②I was busy with my work， so I cant help ________ housework.

A. do B. be doing

C. to doing D. doing

解析 DA。①cant help （to） do不能幫忙做某事；②cant help doing忍不住做某事。

例9 ①Who would you like ________ you with your English？

②Who would you rather have _______ you with your English？

③Who would you rather _______ you with your English？

A. helped B. helping

C. to help D. help

解析 CDA。①would like sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”； ②would rather have sb. do sth “寧愿讓某人做某事”，不帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)； ③would rather （that） sb. did sth. “寧愿讓某人做某事”。賓語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

例10 ①I(mǎi)n this university， Mr. Smith is the only one of the professors who _______ Chinese.

②In this university， Mr. Smith is one of the professors who _______ Chinese.

③In this university， Mr. Smith is among the professors _______ Chinese.

A. know B. knows

C. knowing D. to know

解析 BAC。①定語(yǔ)從句修飾the only one用單數(shù)；②定語(yǔ)從句修飾the professors用復(fù)數(shù)；③現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句who know Chinese。

例11 ①He is looking forward ________ his grandma in the country next week.

②He was looking forward ________ what was going on over there.

③He was looking forward， ________ what was going on over there.

A. to see B. seeing

C. to seeing D. see

解析 CAB。①期盼；②往前湊想看看那邊發(fā)生什么事，to see作目的狀語(yǔ)；③往前湊看到那邊發(fā)生了什么事；seeing作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

例12 ①—I thank you ________ me the news.

—Youre welcome.

②—I appreciate your ________ me the news.

—Its my pleasure.

③—I thank you ________ me the news.

—All right.

A. for telling B. tell

C. to tell D. telling

解析 ADC。①thank sb. for doing sth.“表示感謝某人做某事”；②appreciate“感謝”時(shí)不接“人”做賓語(yǔ)，常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞；③thank sb. to do sth. “懇求某人做某事”。

例13 ①I(mǎi) suggested he __________ it again.

②I suggested him __________ it again.

③His expression suggested he ________ it again.

A. try B. trying

C. tried D. had tried

解析 ABD。①suggest表示“建議”賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should do”；②suggest不可接不定式，但可接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；③suggest做“暗示；表明”意思時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用直稱(chēng)語(yǔ)氣。

例14 ①I(mǎi) think your suggestion is worth .

②I think your suggestion is worthy of _______.

③I think your suggestion is worthy _______.

A. consider B. being considered

C. to be considered D. considering

解析 DBC。①表示“……值得做”用“sth. is worth doing”；②sth. is worthy既可用“of being done”也可用“to be done”。

例15 ①Her overcoat ________， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

②The girl， ________ in her overcoat， hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

③On ________ her overcoat， the girl hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

④The girl ________ a overcoat hurriedly went out of the flat with her boyfriend.

A. putting on B. dressed

C. wearing D. going on

解析 DBAC。①獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，go on不及物，作“穿戴”時(shí)，常用衣、帽鞋襪作主語(yǔ)；②dressed in... = who was dressed in...；③（姑娘）一穿上大衣，On doing sth， “一……就……”；④wearing現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句who is wearing...。

例16 ①He had his sick kid _______ to the hospital， for he had no time then.

②He had a boy _______ the books for him.

③He had a boy _______ the books all the morning.

④He had a boy _______ on his motorcycle， so he couldnt take me along.

A. carry B. to carry

C. carrying D. carried

解析 DACB。 ①“have...done”“請(qǐng)（讓?zhuān)┠橙俗瞿呈隆保ㄋ?dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)空，他請(qǐng)別人把他生病的孩子送到醫(yī)院）；②have+賓語(yǔ)+do賓補(bǔ)）；③have sb. doing=keep sb. doing“讓?zhuān)ㄊ梗┠橙艘恢弊觥?；④had是行為動(dòng)詞“有”，后接不定式作定語(yǔ)，而不是使役動(dòng)詞。

例17 ①East of the city ________ a beautiful park 3 years ago.

②He ________ his hand on my shoulder.

③He often _______ to his teacher in high school.

④Hes ________ there for 2 hours.

A. laid B. lied

C. lay D. lain

解析 CABD。①完全倒裝句，動(dòng)詞“位于”lie的過(guò)去式為lay；②動(dòng)詞lay“擱置；放”的過(guò)去式為laid；③動(dòng)詞lie“撒謊”的過(guò)去式為lied。

[練習(xí)]

1. ①Three years later he turned ______ doctor.

②Three years later he became ______ doctor.

A. an B. a C. 不填 D. the

2. ①M(fèi)any students find ______ difficult to learn.

②Many students find ______ language difficult to learn.

A. English B. an English

C. the English D. England

3.①New York is much larger than ______ in America.

②New York is much larger than _____ in India.

A. other city B. any city

C. all cities D. any other city

4. ①The workers ______ a new hospital since the end of last year.

②The workers ______ a new hospital by the end of last year.

A. have built B. have been building

C. had built D. were building

5. ①The little girl had no choice but _______ at home.

②The little girl could do nothing but ______ at home.

A. to stay B. to staying

C. stayed D. stay

6. ①The book is worth _______， I think.

②The book is worthy of _______， I think.

③ The book is worthy _______， I think.

A. to be read B. being read

C. reading D. read

7. ①She often goes to school _______ bike.

②She often goes to school _______ foot.

A. in B. at

C. on D. by

[參考答案]

1. CB 2. DC 3. DB 4. BD 5. AD 6. CBA 7. DC