語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)揭秘之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

河南 馬國(guó)民

語(yǔ)法填空考點(diǎn)揭秘之詞性轉(zhuǎn)換

河南 馬國(guó)民

在高考語(yǔ)法填空試題中，詞性轉(zhuǎn)換已經(jīng)成為必考點(diǎn)，因此，在高考備考中，考生有必要認(rèn)真研究其命題規(guī)律與趨勢(shì)，有針對(duì)性地科學(xué)備考。

一、考查動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞

【考例1】（福建省福安中學(xué)、霞浦七中、周寧十中2016屆高三聯(lián)考）Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places，she insisted that her_64_（organize）about the trip is proper.

【解析】organization?？崭裉幾髦髡Z(yǔ)，由此結(jié)合定語(yǔ)可知，organization符合題意。

【考例2】（皖南八校2016屆高三第一次聯(lián)考）She is still going strong and her_62_（treat）is working well for now.

【解析】treatment?？崭裉幾髦髡Z(yǔ)，結(jié)合空前的物主代詞“her”可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞。

【知識(shí)拓展】動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞的常用后綴：

常用后綴例 詞-er，-or，-ment，-ation，-sion manager，operator，movement，explanation，conclusion

二、考查動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞

【考例1】（2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I）While there are

_68_（amaze）stories of instant transformation，for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.

【解析】amazing?？崭裉幾鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)，修飾名詞“stories”，故應(yīng)填amazing。

【考例2】（2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and_63_（disappoint）.

【解析】disappointed。空格處作表語(yǔ)，且用于描述人，故應(yīng)填disappointed。

【知識(shí)拓展】1.動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的常用后綴：

常用后綴例 詞-ing，-ed，-able，-ful，-less，-ive confusing，amazed，reliable，enjoyable，forgetful，careful，careless，attractive

2.分詞形容詞化：annoy，disappoint，frighten，terrify，worry等使役動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞可作為形容詞使用。由現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞常用于物，由過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞常用于人，而修飾與人有關(guān)的表情、眼神、聲音等時(shí)，常用過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成的形容詞。

三、考查動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞

【考例1】（2014·廣東卷）When we were wondering what to do，the manager came out. She was_22_（surprise）helpful.

【解析】surprisingly?？崭裉幾鳡钫Z(yǔ)，用于修飾形容詞，故應(yīng)填surprisingly。

【考例2】They throw anything into their stomachs，eating something carelessly and__ 48_（hurry）.

【解析】hurriedly?？崭裉幮揎梽?dòng)詞，故應(yīng)填提示詞的副詞形式hurriedly。

【知識(shí)拓展】動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞時(shí)，常常是該動(dòng)詞先變成形容詞，然后再加-ly。例如：surprisingly，carefully。

四、考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞

【考例1】（2015·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their_63_（able）to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

【解析】ability。結(jié)合空前的定語(yǔ)“their”可知，空格處應(yīng)填名詞ability。

【考例2】（貴州省遵義航天高中2016屆高三三模）The great man taught his students whole-heartedly and answered their questions with great_63_（patient）.

【解析】patience。空格處作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填patient的名詞形式patience。

【考例3】（河北省衡水中學(xué)2016屆高三四調(diào)）Second，honesty gives us much_63_（free）.

【解析】freedom?？崭裉幾髦苯淤e語(yǔ)，結(jié)合“much”可知，freedom符合題意。

【知識(shí)拓展】形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞的常用后綴：

常用后綴例 詞-ance，-ence，-ness，-bility importance，convenience，kindness，happiness，ability，possibility

五、考查名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞

【考例1】（2015·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）As_69_（nature）architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

【解析】natural?？崭裉幾鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)，修飾名詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞natural。

【考例2】（2014·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I）Just be_70_（patience）.

【解析】patient。空格處作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞patient。

【考例3】（2013·廣東卷）“That would be a very __1__9_（reason）thing to do in a big city，but it could destroy a small village like ours，” Nick said.

【解析】reasonable?？崭裉幾鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填reason的形容詞形式reasonable。

【知識(shí)拓展】名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞的常用后綴：

常用后綴例 詞-able，-ful，-ous，-al，-y，-ive valuable，comfortable，successful，dangerous，medical，lucky，expensive

六、考查形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞

【考例1】（2015·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷Ⅱ）Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat_65_（slow）during cool nights，thus warming the house.

【解析】slowly?？崭裉幮揎梽?dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)填slow的副詞形式slowly。

【考例2】（2015·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I）Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it_69_（regular）arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

【解析】regularly?？崭裉幮揎梽?dòng)詞arranges，故應(yīng)填副詞regularly。

【知識(shí)拓展】形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞的常用后綴：

常用后綴例 詞-ly，-ward（s）honestly，possibly，necessarily，backward（s），inward（s），forward（s）

【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】

1. In the USA the high school graduation ceremony is of great______（important）.

2. The readers can enjoy all kinds of books_____（comfortable）in the new reading room.

3. It is said that some_____（collect）are worth a lot of money.

4. After class，he encouraged me to build up my_____（confident）in the new environment.

5. Sometimes her sister and she are so_____（frighten）that they hide in their room.

6. Anger is not______（necessary）the most useful or acceptable reaction to such events.

7. Yesterday morning，John broke a beautiful plate ______（care）in a restaurant.

8. I looked forward to spending the next day in Oxford Street with all its_____（amaze）shops.

9. In the 19th century，Europe changed a lot from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly_____（industry）one.

10. I hear that the sea is very______（attract）in all kinds of weather and at all times of a day.

11. A farmer once organized a_____（compete）between his dog and his rabbit.

12. Jack quickly established himself as a_____（power）member of the new company.

13. I believe our living conditions will_____（gradual）get better and better.

14. As far as I am______（concern），difficulties or misfortunes are an unavoidable part of our life.

15. There was no_____（possible）of becoming successful if I was not fully supported.

16. It is_____（luck） we booked a room，or we would have nowhere to stay now.

17. I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happiness and_____（excite） to my life.

18.My_____（listen） were waiting patiently without any signs of rushing me.

19.Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is______（suit） for the job.

20. Red is used in many American expressions and it can be used to show_____（happy），as in “a red-letter day”.

【參考答案】

1. importance 2. comfortably 3. collections 4. confidence 5. frightened 6. necessarily 7. carelessly 8. amazing 9. industrial 10. attractive 11. competition 12. powerful 13. gradually 14. concerned 15. possibility 16. lucky 17. excitement 18. listeners 19. suitable 20. happiness