Morphological plasticity of astroglia: Understanding synaptic microenvironment

Janosch P.Heller and Dmitri A.Rusakov

The Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy,UCL Institute of Neurology,University College London, Queen Square,London,United Kingdom

摘自

《Glia》2015,63:2133-2151

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·《GLIA》優(yōu)秀論文推薦·

Morphological plasticity of astroglia: Understanding synaptic microenvironment

Janosch P.Heller and Dmitri A.Rusakov

The Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy,UCL Institute of Neurology,University College London, Queen Square,London,United Kingdom

摘自

《Glia》2015,63:2133-2151

Memory formation in the brain is thought to rely on the remodeling of synaptic connections which eventually results in neural network rewiring.This remodeling is likely to involve ultrathin astroglial protrusions which often occur in the immediate vicinity of excitatory synapses.The phenomenology,cellular mechanisms, and causal relationships of such astroglial restructuring remain,however,poorly understood.This is in large part because monitoring and probing of the underpinning molecular machinery on the scale of nanoscopic astroglial compartments remains a challenge.Here we briefly summarize the current knowledge regarding the cellular organisation of astroglia in the synaptic microenvironment and discuss molecular mechanisms potentially involved in use-dependent astroglial morphogenesis.We also discuss recent observations concerning morphological astroglial plasticity,the respective monitoring methods,and some of the newly emerging techniques that might help with conceptual advances in the area.

astrocyte plasticity;perisynaptic astrocytic processes;super-resolution microscopy

星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的形態(tài)可塑性：理解突觸微環(huán)境

（王晶編譯）

在大腦中記憶的形成被認(rèn)為是依賴突觸連接的重塑，最終導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)重構(gòu)。這種重塑可能涉及興奮性突觸附近經(jīng)常發(fā)生的超薄星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞突起。這種星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞重組的現(xiàn)象、細(xì)胞機(jī)制和因果關(guān)系，仍然知之甚少。這在很大程度上是因?yàn)楸O(jiān)測(cè)和探索納米級(jí)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)分子機(jī)械技術(shù)仍然是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。本文簡(jiǎn)要地總結(jié)了目前關(guān)于突觸微環(huán)境下星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞組織知識(shí)，討論可能涉及依賴星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞形態(tài)發(fā)生的分子機(jī)制。本文還討論了最近有關(guān)星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的形態(tài)可塑性的觀察，相應(yīng)的監(jiān)測(cè)方法，和一些可能有助于該領(lǐng)域進(jìn)展的新興技術(shù)。

星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞可塑性；突觸周圍的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞突起；超分辨率顯微鏡

R741;R741.02

A

10.16780/j.cnki.sjssgncj.2016.01.016