【摘要】英語中省略現(xiàn)象較為普遍,對省略的考查已成為高考中的熱點。句子成分的省略,筆者認為可分為以下幾種情況
【關鍵詞】英語語法 省略現(xiàn)象 從句
一、狀語從句中的省略用法
如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致,且從句的謂語含有be動詞的某種形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同時省略從句的主語和be動詞的某種形式。
e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.
He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.
He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.
No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.
(注:讓步從句的主語和主句的主語不一致時,只省略從句中的be動詞形式)
以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。
e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
二、定語從句中的省略用法
關系詞的省略:關系代詞that,which,whom等在限制性定語從句中充當賓語且不位于介詞之后時,可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時可省略。
e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you have seen last night is my uncle.
I dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the boy.
三、虛擬語氣的省略
當if條件狀語從句中有were,had,should等時省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
Suggest,insist,order,require,order, advice, command, request等表示建議、要求、命令的動詞后接的從句中,謂語動詞常用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
四、不定式符號to的省略
感官動詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動詞have,make,let等后接不定式作賓語時,不定式省略to。(feel,hear, listen to, have, let, make,leave,spot,see, look at, observe, watch)
do nothing but,cant help but等結構常接省略to的不定式。
e.g. We didnt do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news, she couldnt help but cry.
在特定語境中為了避免重復,當不定式再次出現(xiàn)時,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate,plan,intend 后往往只保留to,而省略后面的動詞。但不定式后有be,have時,也保留be和have。
e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want to.
五、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重復前面所說過的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句??膳cbelieve,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,Im afraid等連用。
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.
六、日常交際中的省略
在情景會話中,答語常常省略不會引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分,而只保留對方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復合句或并列句中,也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。
e.g.—How many copies do you want? — (I want) Three copies, please.
—Have you ever been to the Great Wall? —No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
作者簡介:廖玉香(1983.4-),女,漢族,江西峽江人,大學本科,中學英語一級教師,研究方向:高中英語教學。endprint