穆尚強(qiáng),孫爽,王宇,梅繼文
(吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院,吉林吉林132013)
膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎患者關(guān)節(jié)液miRNAs表達(dá)變化及意義
穆尚強(qiáng),孫爽,王宇,梅繼文
(吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院,吉林吉林132013)
目的 探討膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎(KOA)患者關(guān)節(jié)液中差異表達(dá)的微小RNA(miRNAs)及其臨床意義。方法選擇KOA患者和體檢健康者各33例,均為女性。采集受試者關(guān)節(jié)液標(biāo)本,隨機(jī)從中各選擇3例份,采用miRNA芯片技術(shù)檢測差異表達(dá)的miRNAs(差異表達(dá)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義為上調(diào)或下調(diào)≥2倍)。采用Real-time PCR法檢測剩余KOA患者和體檢健康者關(guān)節(jié)液(各30例份)中差異表達(dá)miRNAs的相對表達(dá)量,對芯片檢測結(jié)果進(jìn)行驗證。結(jié)果與體檢健康者比較,KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液中上調(diào)≥2倍的miRNAs有3個(miR-9、miR-155、miR-98),下調(diào)≥2倍的miRNAs有4個(miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a、miR-138)。KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98相對表達(dá)量均高于體檢健康者,miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138相對表達(dá)量均低于體檢健康者(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98表達(dá)升高,miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138表達(dá)降低;上述miRNAs表達(dá)變化可能與KOA的發(fā)病有關(guān)。
骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎;膝關(guān)節(jié);關(guān)節(jié)液;微小RNA芯片
膝關(guān)節(jié)骨性關(guān)節(jié)炎(KOA)是一種多發(fā)于中老年人的慢性退行性骨關(guān)節(jié)疾病,多發(fā)生于女性,其發(fā)病率隨著年齡增長呈上升趨勢,60歲以上人群KOA發(fā)病率高達(dá)50%[1,2]。目前KOA的確切發(fā)病機(jī)制尚未完全闡明,性別(女性多見)、肥胖、營養(yǎng)、氣候、生物力學(xué)等均與KOA的發(fā)生和發(fā)展有關(guān)[3]。最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),微小RNA(miRNAs)在骨與關(guān)節(jié)疾病的發(fā)病中發(fā)揮重要調(diào)節(jié)作用[4,5]。本研究觀察KOA患者和正常人關(guān)節(jié)液中差異表達(dá)的miRNAs,旨在為KOA的早期診斷和基因治療提供依據(jù)。
1.1 臨床資料 選擇2014年6月~2015年12月吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院骨科收治的33例KOA患者,均為女性,年齡58~69歲;病程1.5~5.4年;骨關(guān)節(jié)炎Kellgren-Lawrence影像學(xué)分級[6]:Ⅱ級7例,Ⅲ級18例,Ⅳ級8例?;颊呔厦绹L(fēng)濕病學(xué)會推薦的KOA診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并感染性關(guān)節(jié)炎或有膝關(guān)節(jié)創(chuàng)傷及手術(shù)史;②合并類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎等自身免疫性疾??;③合并其他關(guān)節(jié)疾病;④合并糖尿??;⑤檢查前兩周曾服用糖皮質(zhì)激素或非甾體類抗炎藥。選擇同期與KOA患者年齡匹配的女性體檢健康者33例。本研究通過醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),受試者均知情同意。
1.2 關(guān)節(jié)液miRNAs差異表達(dá)檢測 受試者均取平臥位,膝關(guān)節(jié)局部消毒麻醉后,于髕上外側(cè)入路行膝關(guān)節(jié)腔穿刺,注射器抽取關(guān)節(jié)液約2 mL。室溫條件下靜置1 h,置于離心機(jī)上,2 000 r/min離心20 min。去除細(xì)胞和關(guān)節(jié)組織殘存碎片,取上清置于新的EP管中,-80 ℃冰箱保存待測。于KOA患者和體檢健康者的關(guān)節(jié)液標(biāo)本(均為33例份)中各隨機(jī)選擇3例份行miRNAs芯片檢測:關(guān)節(jié)液標(biāo)本中加入TRIzol試劑混合進(jìn)行裂解,提取總RNA,紫外分光光度計檢測RNA純度,計算OD260/OD280,瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測其完整性。采用miRCURYTMArray Power 標(biāo)記試劑盒,用標(biāo)記酶將Hy3TM熒光基團(tuán)標(biāo)記miRNAs,制備熒光標(biāo)記探針。將標(biāo)記好的探針和miRCURYTM芯片放入PhalanxTM的熱收縮雜交袋進(jìn)行雜交反應(yīng)。miRNAs基因芯片購于丹麥Exiqon公司,包含超過1 700個miRNAs捕獲探針,芯片檢測由上海康成生物工程有限公司完成。使用GenePix 4000B生物芯片掃描儀對芯片進(jìn)行原始圖像掃描,并將結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字型數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行保存。采用GenePix pro V6.0軟件對芯片相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行聚類分析,計算兩種檢測信號的比值(log2)及其倍數(shù)變化。差異表達(dá)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)定義為上調(diào)或下調(diào)≥2倍。
1.3 差異表達(dá)miRNAs相對表達(dá)量檢測 采用Real-time PCR法。選擇剩余KOA患者和體檢健康者的關(guān)節(jié)液標(biāo)本各30例份,對基因芯片結(jié)果顯示上調(diào)或下調(diào)≥2倍的miRNAs相對表達(dá)量進(jìn)行檢測:參照1.2的方法提取總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA。逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)條件:16 ℃、30 min,42 ℃、40 min,85 ℃、5 min。差異表達(dá)miRNAs及內(nèi)參基因U6引物序列由天根生化科技(北京)有限公司設(shè)計合成。PCR反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃、3 min,95 ℃、15 s,60 ℃、20 s,72 ℃、20 s,77 ℃、20 s,共40個循環(huán)。實驗重復(fù)3次。以2-ΔΔCT法計算差異表達(dá)miRNAs相對表達(dá)量。
2.1 關(guān)節(jié)液差異表達(dá)miRNAs篩選 與體檢健康者比較,KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液中上調(diào)≥2倍的miRNAs有3個,分別為miR-9、miR-155、miR-98;下調(diào)≥2倍的miRNAs有4個,分別為miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a、miR-138。見表1。
表1 KOA患者與體檢健康者關(guān)節(jié)液中差異表達(dá)的miRNAs
2.2 差異表達(dá)miRNAs相對表達(dá)量比較 PCR反應(yīng)擴(kuò)增曲線及熔解曲線圖顯示曲線圓滑,熔解曲線可擴(kuò)增出單峰,擴(kuò)增效果滿意,表明擴(kuò)增的特異性和重復(fù)性良好。Real-time PCR檢測結(jié)果顯示,KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98相對表達(dá)量均高于體檢健康者,miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138相對表達(dá)量均低于體檢健康者(P均<0.05)。見表2。
表2 KOA患者與體檢健康者關(guān)節(jié)液中差異表達(dá)的miRNAs相對表達(dá)量比較
注:與體檢健康者比較,*P<0.05。
KOA早期臨床表現(xiàn)多為膝關(guān)節(jié)腫脹、疼痛,隨著疾病發(fā)展,患者出現(xiàn)膝關(guān)節(jié)活動受限,嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)畸形[7,8],不僅嚴(yán)重影響生活質(zhì)量,也給家庭和社會造成沉重的負(fù)擔(dān)[9,10]。KOA的病因、發(fā)病機(jī)制還不完全清楚,目前臨床上針對KOA的藥物治療效果有限,并不能逆轉(zhuǎn)關(guān)節(jié)軟骨病變過程,進(jìn)一步研究KOA的病理生理和調(diào)控機(jī)制對于從基因?qū)用嫔现委烱OA具有重要意義。miRNAs為近年來新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一類長度為18~25 nt的內(nèi)源性單鏈小分子RNA。由于miRNAs通過堿基互補(bǔ)配對的方式與靶基因的3′UTR部分或完全互補(bǔ),剪切靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物或者抑制轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物的翻譯,從而調(diào)控靶基因的表達(dá)[11,12]。目前專家預(yù)測超過30%的人類基因受miRNAs的調(diào)節(jié),一個miRNA可以調(diào)控多個mRNA,而一個mRNA又可以受到多個miRNAs的調(diào)控。miRNAs的發(fā)現(xiàn)揭示了一種新的基因表達(dá)調(diào)控方式,即miRNAs的異常表達(dá)可調(diào)控疾病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[13]。
關(guān)節(jié)液主要由關(guān)節(jié)滑囊和腱鞘的滑液膜分泌,如膝關(guān)節(jié)出現(xiàn)病理改變,會導(dǎo)致分泌的關(guān)節(jié)液中出現(xiàn)病變代謝產(chǎn)物,并潴留于關(guān)節(jié)腔。目前研究表明,KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液中相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子和蛋白酶表達(dá)水平出現(xiàn)異常,且與軟骨損傷程度和疾病嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)[14,15]。關(guān)節(jié)液分子標(biāo)志物的檢測仍是目前KOA診斷、療效檢測和預(yù)后評估的有效手段[16]。隨著高敏感性基因芯片和PCR技術(shù)的應(yīng)用,目前已知多個miRNAs表達(dá)水平的異常改變與疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[17,18]。但miRNAs芯片檢測價格昂貴,目前只能用于小樣本的miRNAs篩查。本研究miRNAs芯片檢測結(jié)果顯示,與體檢健康者比較,KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液中上調(diào)≥2倍的miRNAs有3個(miR-9、miR-155、miR-98),下調(diào)≥2倍的miRNAs有4個(miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a、miR-138)。經(jīng)檢測,上述異常表達(dá)miRNAs在KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液中的表達(dá)變化與芯片檢測結(jié)果一致。
綜上所述,KOA患者關(guān)節(jié)液miR-9、miR-155、miR-98表達(dá)上調(diào),miR-140、miR-27a、miR-146a和miR-138表達(dá)下調(diào);上述miRNAs表達(dá)變化可能與KOA的發(fā)病有關(guān)。通過對關(guān)節(jié)液中KOA特異性miRNAs進(jìn)行檢測有利于早期診斷KOA;未來需進(jìn)一步對其發(fā)病中起關(guān)鍵調(diào)控作用的miRNAs進(jìn)行早期干預(yù),以期為其治療提供依據(jù)。
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Altered expression levels of miRNAs in joint fluid of knee osteoarthritis patients
MUShangqiang,SUNShuang,WANGNing,MEIJiwen
(TheAffiliatedHospitalofJilinMedicalUniversity,Jilin132013,China)
Objective To investigate the differential expression of miRNAs in joint fluid of patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and its clinical significance. Methods Thirty-three female KOA patients and 33 female health people were chosen. Three cases of each group were randomly selected and the joint fluid samples of these study subjects were collected. The miRNA microarray was used to assess the level and composition of miRNAs in joint fluid. The differences criteria in screening expression of miRNA: up-regulated or down-regulated expression of miRNAs ≥ 2 folds. Real-time PCR was used to assess the relative expression of miRNAs in joint fluid of the remaining KOA patients and healthy subjects (30 cases in group). Results Compared with normal controls, 3 miRNAs in which the up-regulated expression was ≥ 2 folds (miR-9, miR-155, and miR-98) and 4 miRNAs in which the down-regulated expression was ≥ 2 folds (miR-140, miR-27a, miR-146a, and miR-138) were found in the KOA group. The expression levels of miR-9, miR-155 and miR-98 were higher in KOA patients than those in healthy subjects, while the expression levels of miR-140, miR-27a, miR-146a and miR-138 were lower in KOA patients than those in healthy subjects (allP<0.05). Conclusion The expression of miR-9, miR-155 and miR-98 in joint fluid of KOA patients is up-regulated, and the expression of miR-140, miR-27a, miR-146a and miR-138 is down-regulated, and these differentially expressed miRNAs may be related to the pathogenesis of KOA.
osteoarthritis; knee; joint fluid; micro RNA microarray
吉林省教育廳“十二五”科學(xué)技術(shù)研究項目(吉教科合字[2012]第332號);吉林省衛(wèi)生廳科研項目(2011ZC024);吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院院內(nèi)基金資助項目。
穆尚強(qiáng)(1979-),男,副教授,研究方向為運動醫(yī)學(xué)。E-mail: 214145905@qq.com
梅繼文(1966-),男,副主任醫(yī)師,研究方向為關(guān)節(jié)及脊柱疾病、創(chuàng)傷。E-mail: MJW19660108@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.48.002
R684.3
A
1002-266X(2016)48-0005-03
2016-03-26)