玉樹(shù)抗震救災(zāi)紀(jì)念館，玉樹(shù)，青海，中國(guó)

主持建筑師：孟建民

玉樹(shù)抗震救災(zāi)紀(jì)念館，玉樹(shù)，青海，中國(guó)

主持建筑師：孟建民

2010年4月14日上午7時(shí)49分，青海省玉樹(shù)藏族自治州玉樹(shù)縣發(fā)生7.1級(jí)地震，遇難人數(shù)達(dá)2600多人。中國(guó)建筑學(xué)會(huì)隨后代表建設(shè)部為玉樹(shù)重建組織了一次建筑師的集群設(shè)計(jì)，我也有幸參加并創(chuàng)作了玉樹(shù)抗震救災(zāi)紀(jì)念館。

基地位于結(jié)古鎮(zhèn)的南入口格薩爾王賓館遺址旁邊，成為進(jìn)出玉樹(shù)的必經(jīng)之路。方案以保留的格薩爾王賓館遺址為展示主體，紀(jì)念館主體隱于地下。新舊建筑“一隱一顯”，通過(guò)控制地面體量，盡可能突出遺址本身的視覺(jué)震撼力和紀(jì)念意義。地面通過(guò)兩條線性元素進(jìn)行限定，兩者之間圍合的廣場(chǎng)是舉行儀式集會(huì)的紀(jì)念場(chǎng)所。貫穿場(chǎng)地的折線形 “裂痕”作為采光縫限定出遺址保護(hù)范圍，同時(shí)建立起遺址與地下展廳的視覺(jué)聯(lián)系。極簡(jiǎn)的直線形紀(jì)念長(zhǎng)墻以暖色毛石制成，直指結(jié)古寺。長(zhǎng)墻不僅隱含著內(nèi)在精神寓意，同時(shí)作為遺址的背景與遠(yuǎn)方群山相融。沿著墻體設(shè)計(jì)的85個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)筒，成為人們進(jìn)出玉樹(shù)時(shí)的標(biāo)志性建筑部分，在紀(jì)念館轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)祈福也成為當(dāng)?shù)夭孛褡诮躺畹闹匾M成部分。

建筑主體藏于地下，以純粹的“方”和“圓”為基本原型。方案采取地域建筑設(shè)計(jì)策略，通過(guò)“材料、色彩、光”3種基本建筑要素的運(yùn)用，表達(dá)藏地建筑特色。內(nèi)部空間采用青色毛石、素混凝土、藏紅色耐候鋼板等現(xiàn)代材料營(yíng)造內(nèi)斂而莊重的空間氛圍。當(dāng)人們通過(guò)線性空間序列緩緩進(jìn)入中央的祈福之庭，內(nèi)聚的圓形空間和環(huán)繞的壁龕矩陣試圖喚起觀者內(nèi)心的精神共鳴，把沉重的災(zāi)難記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為對(duì)生命的祈福，傳達(dá)出人與自然和諧共生的生命哲學(xué)。

1 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

2 地下一層平面/Floor -1 plan

3 剖面/Section

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area: 6303m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 2998m2

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2010

竣工時(shí)間/Completion: 2013

At 7:49 am on April 14, 2010, an earthquake struck Gyêgu in the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai and registered a magnitude of 7.1 Ms, killing over 2600 people. On behalf of the Ministry of Construction, the Architectural Society of China promptly organized a collective design team for the reconstruction of Yushu. I was honored to join the expedition and design the Memorial of Earthquake Ruins.

The site is located at the south entrance of Gyêgu near the remains of King Gesar Hotel, which becomes the only route to enter and exit Gyêgu. The design takes the preserved hotel remains as the object of exhibition, while the main part of the memorial is hidden underground. The old-new contrast – one exposed, the other hidden – aims to give utmost prominence to the striking visual effects and commemorative significance of the remains. The ground level is defined by two linear elements that embrace a square to be used for commemorative rituals and gatherings. A broken line of "crack" passing through the site defines the preservation extent of the remains and functions as a lighting seam, meanwhile establishing a visual connection between the remains and the underground exhibition hall. The long memorial wall in simplistic straight line is built up with warmcolored rubbles, pointing directly towards the Gyêgu Monastery. The long wall not only implies an inner spiritual meaning, but also merges into the distant mountains as the backdrop of the remains. 85 prayer wheels are devised along the wall – an architectural landmark for people entering and exiting Gyêgu; wheel praying at the memorial has become an important part of local Tibetans' religious life.

The main part of the building is hidden underground, taking the pure forms of "square" and "circle" as its basic geometry. The design adopts a regionalist approach, and expresses characters of Tibetan architecture through the application of three fundamental architectural factors, namely material, color, and light. The interior space creates an introspective, sublime atmosphere in its use of such modern materials as cyan rubbles, plain concrete, and saffron-colored COR-TEN steel. Slowly passing through the linear spatial sequence and entering the central praying court, the visitor's spiritual resonance is gradually evoked by the embracing circular space and the surrounding matrix of niches; traumatic memories are transformed into life's prayers, conveying the life philosophy of interdependence and harmony between man and nature.

Yushu Memorial of Earthquake Ruins, Yushu, Qinghai, China, 2013

Principal Architect: MENG Jianmin

4 外景/Exterior view

5.6 內(nèi)景/Interior view

7 外景/Exterior view