張麗
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題一直是學(xué)生感到棘手的題型之一。本文著重對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題的題型特點(diǎn)以及錯(cuò)誤類型做分析、歸納和總結(jié),進(jìn)而總結(jié)解題方法,幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對(duì)高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題。
一、短文改錯(cuò)題的題型特點(diǎn)及考查能力
高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)題以篇章為單位,要求考生有較強(qiáng)的閱讀理解能力,考生必須擺脫孤立片面的思維定式,以一種連貫的思路、整體的眼光去適應(yīng)這一題型。高考短文改錯(cuò)題重在測(cè)試學(xué)生判斷、發(fā)現(xiàn)、糾正語(yǔ)篇中語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤的能力;考查學(xué)生在語(yǔ)篇中對(duì)于語(yǔ)言的觀察能力、評(píng)價(jià)能力以及綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確性能力。
二、短文改錯(cuò)命題規(guī)律及考點(diǎn)分布
縱觀近5年英語(yǔ)高考真題,短文改錯(cuò)的體裁以記敘文為主,字?jǐn)?shù)在120字左右,內(nèi)容往往與學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)和生活相關(guān),錯(cuò)誤類型有多詞、少詞不多于3處,近幾年呈現(xiàn)多詞1處、少詞1處、錯(cuò)詞8處的趨勢(shì)。考點(diǎn)主要涵蓋了名詞、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、代詞、形容詞、副詞連詞、冠詞、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞。
三、短文改錯(cuò)的錯(cuò)誤類型
1.名詞:名詞數(shù)的誤用
e.g. One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.(2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
Since then-for all these year, we...(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
He was tall,with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from ...(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
From the time I was about four until I was about six,I destroyed each of my toy.(2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
It felt very strange to travel without any luggages. (2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
總結(jié)歸納:
高中階段常見(jiàn)不可數(shù)名詞:(1)各種物質(zhì)的統(tǒng)稱:water,paper,oil,bread,money,etc.(2)抽象名詞:advice,beauty,knowledge,help,etc.(3)需要特別記憶的單詞:luggage,baggage,damage,advice,
information,progress,furniture,equipment,news.
2.動(dòng)詞:時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的誤用
e.g. Tony was scared and begun to cry.(2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
Since then...,we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
I was only four when she passes away. (2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train,my father...(2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last. (2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
They were looked like rain. (2014陜西卷)
總結(jié)歸納:
不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ):cost,fit,suit,benefit,lack,happen to do sth,last,spread,belong to,break out,run out,go out,shut off,take place,work out,lose heart,consist of.
3.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:(1)doing,done 和to do的混用。(2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的混用
e.g. After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around...(2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs. (2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou. (2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
總結(jié)歸納:
(1)常見(jiàn)做狀語(yǔ)的固定結(jié)構(gòu):Judging from;generally\ honestly\ strictly\frankly speaking; considering that(考慮到……),supposing\
providing(that)(假如……); seeing that…(即然,由于……);thinking that(想到)to tell you the truth; to make things worse; to begin with
(首先)。
(2)常見(jiàn)表狀態(tài)現(xiàn)象的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞
be seated;be expected to do something; be linked \ connected to; be concerned with\ about\for; be supposed to do something; be determined to do something; be lost; be devoted to; be exposed to; be prepared to do\ for
4.代詞:(1)前后指代是否一致。(2)不定代詞和反身代詞的誤用。(3)形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞的誤用。(3)關(guān)系代詞which,that,as,who。(4) what 和that的區(qū)別。
e.g. Five minutes later,Tony saw (his) parents.(2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
He had a deep voice,which set himself apart from others in our small town...(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
We took ours fishing poles and headed for the lake(2013陜西卷)
總結(jié)歸納:
常見(jiàn)含oneself的短語(yǔ):come to oneself蘇醒過(guò)來(lái); devote oneself to致力于;獻(xiàn)身于;dress oneself穿衣服; enjoy oneself玩得快樂(lè); help oneself to隨便吃;隨便用;擅自拿;make oneself at home不要拘束; make oneself understood讓別人理解自己; say to oneself心里想; seat oneself坐下; talk to oneself自言自語(yǔ); teach oneself自學(xué); by oneself單獨(dú)地; for oneself為自己; of oneself自動(dòng)地; to oneself獨(dú)自享用。
5.連詞:關(guān)聯(lián)詞、平衡結(jié)構(gòu)、行文邏輯的誤用
e.g. After...,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
Although we...,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
He even scared my classmates away during they came over to play or do homework with me.(2013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
But before long they began to see which was happening.(2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
I bought my ticket but turned around to pick up my bag from the floor...(2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
歸納總結(jié):
不能連用的連詞:because...so...,although...but...(但although可以和yet,still連用)
6.形容詞與副詞:混用、比較等級(jí)的誤用
e.g. Dad and I were terrible worried. (2015新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.(2014新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷I)
I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive.(2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
I was going to visit a friend here and after that I would go to Xiamen...(2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)
歸納總結(jié):
四、短文改錯(cuò)解題步驟
1. 通讀全文,了解大意
2. 先易后難,縮小范圍
3. 把握文意,逐句判斷
4. 再次通讀,復(fù)查驗(yàn)證
五、短文改錯(cuò)解題原則
1.錯(cuò)誤以改動(dòng)最少為原則
2.虛詞以添加或刪除為原則
3.實(shí)詞以改變形式為原則
4.原意以堅(jiān)持不變?yōu)樵瓌t
總之,考生在答短文改錯(cuò)題目時(shí),如果能有意識(shí)地去判斷錯(cuò)誤位置及通過(guò)錯(cuò)誤類型歸納來(lái)幫助分析錯(cuò)誤,將會(huì)起到事半功倍的效果。
編輯 魯翠紅