曹嫚,趙紅,何軍,戴利,殷小成,姚平波
MicroRNA-21對(duì)肺成纖維細(xì)胞增殖和分化的影響
曹嫚,趙紅△,何軍,戴利,殷小成,姚平波
目的探討小鼠肺成纖維化細(xì)胞模型中microRNA(miR)-21對(duì)肺成纖維細(xì)胞增殖和分化的影響。方法24只SPF級(jí)C57BL/6小鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組和肺纖維化模型組,各12只。經(jīng)氣管內(nèi)注入博萊霉素建立小鼠肺纖維化模型,采用熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)各組肺組織miR-21的表達(dá)。提取小鼠成纖維細(xì)胞,胰酶消化,接種于6孔板,使細(xì)胞濃度達(dá)到30%~50%。設(shè)隨機(jī)對(duì)照組、空白對(duì)照組和miR-21 mimic組。各組分別在50 μL Opti-MEM加入2.5 μL PBS、陰性對(duì)照儲(chǔ)存液和miR-21 mimic儲(chǔ)存液(20 μmol/L)。采用細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)試劑盒-8(CCK-8)法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞增殖活性,蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測(cè)成纖維細(xì)胞含Ⅰ型血小板結(jié)合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白樣金屬蛋白酶(ADAMTS-1)和轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子(TGF)-β1的表達(dá)。結(jié)果與假手術(shù)組比較,肺纖維化模型組小鼠肺組織中miR-21的表達(dá)量明顯上調(diào)。與隨機(jī)對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組比較,miR-21 mimic組成纖維細(xì)胞miR-21基因表達(dá)顯著上調(diào),成纖維細(xì)胞增殖率增加,ADAMTS-1蛋白表達(dá)明顯下降,而TGF-β1表達(dá)顯著上調(diào);空白對(duì)照組與隨機(jī)對(duì)照組ADAMTS-1及TGF-β1蛋白表達(dá)無明顯差異。結(jié)論在小鼠肺成纖維化細(xì)胞模型中上調(diào)的miR-21可通過ADAMTS-1/TGF-β1信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)肺纖維化。
肺纖維化;成纖維細(xì)胞;轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β1;微RNAs;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞分化;ADAMTS-1;microRNA-21
肺纖維化疾病的特征為肺間質(zhì)過多的膠原及細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(ECM)沉積,是不同病因?qū)W所致肺部疾病的共同表型,因此研究如何改善肺纖維化后肺組織的修復(fù)能力具有重要的臨床意義[1-2]。miRNA(miR)
是一類抑制靶基因的翻譯過程并參與許多重要的生物學(xué)過程的非編碼小分子RNA。研究表明miR-21在博萊霉素處理的小鼠肺內(nèi)表達(dá)增加,抑制miR-21后肺纖維化程度明顯減輕,過表達(dá)miR-21通過轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子(TGF)-β1/Smad信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)肺纖維化[3-4]。本研究成功復(fù)制肺纖維化模型,檢測(cè)肺組織miR-21的表達(dá)情況,并利用miR-21的模擬物(miR-21 mimic)轉(zhuǎn)染小鼠原代肺成纖維細(xì)胞,觀察過表達(dá)miR-21對(duì)肺成纖維細(xì)胞增殖與分化的影響,為肺纖維化的發(fā)病機(jī)制和篩選出關(guān)鍵miRNA作為肺纖維化疾病的治療靶點(diǎn)提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1.1 材料(1)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物。SPF級(jí)C57BL/6小鼠24只,雄性,體質(zhì)量20~26 g,由南華大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物部提供。(2)試劑和儀器。RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和SYBR試劑、脂質(zhì)體2000、實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀均購自瑞士羅氏公司;DMEM培養(yǎng)基購自Sigma-Aldrich美國公司;胎牛血清(FBS,20%)購自Gibco美國公司;化學(xué)修飾的miR-21 mimic、蛋白提取試劑盒、CCK-8細(xì)胞增殖檢測(cè)試劑盒均購自廣州市銳博生物科技有限公司;兔抗鼠含Ⅰ型血小板結(jié)合蛋白基序的解聚蛋白樣金屬蛋白酶(a distintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs,ADAMTS-1)多克隆抗體、TGF-β1單克隆抗體及HRP-標(biāo)記的羊抗兔二抗及甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶(GAPDH)抗體均購自美國Santa Cruz公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 動(dòng)物分組按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為假手術(shù)組和肺纖維化模型組,每組12只,均為普通飼料飼養(yǎng),自由飲水。2組小鼠體質(zhì)量分別為(23±3)、(24±2)g,組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=0.961,P=0.347)。
1.2.2 小鼠肺纖維化模型的建立以1%氯胺酮100 mg/kg腹腔注射麻醉,無菌操作下鈍性分離暴露氣管,氣管內(nèi)一次性注入博萊霉素生理鹽水溶液0.2~0.5 mL(5 mg/kg),注射后將小鼠直立并旋轉(zhuǎn),假手術(shù)組在相同條件下給予生理鹽水。
1.2.3 動(dòng)物模型制備及鑒定1%氯胺酮100 mg/kg麻醉處死,去除結(jié)締組織,截取肺組織,迅速放入-80℃液氮中凍存?zhèn)溆茫糜谔崛》谓M織總RNA。然后取右肺上葉置體積分?jǐn)?shù)為40 g/L甲醛中固定24 h以上,石蠟包埋、切片。分別行微波改良Masson三色法、VG染色法。
1.2.4 miR-21的檢測(cè)(1)肺組織總RNA提取與定量。用TRIzol法提取肺組織總RNA,通過瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測(cè)總RNA質(zhì)量,紫外分光光度計(jì)測(cè)定總RNA濃度及純度。(2)反轉(zhuǎn)錄。按照miScriptⅡ反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明,經(jīng)反轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA??偡磻?yīng)體系20 μL,反應(yīng)條件為孵育37℃60 min,95℃5 min。并使用無酶水稀釋后-70℃冰箱保存?zhèn)溆?。?)qRT-PCR。引物由MRC Gene公司設(shè)計(jì)合成,按照miScript SYBR Green Kit說明配制反應(yīng)混合物,每個(gè)反應(yīng)體系為10 μL,使用羅氏LightCycler480/熒光定量PCR儀檢測(cè),反應(yīng)條件:95℃30 s預(yù)變性;95℃5 s,60℃30 s,重復(fù)40個(gè)循環(huán)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增反應(yīng);95℃15 s,60℃1 min,95℃15 s制備融解曲線。每個(gè)樣品設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線法計(jì)算mRNA表達(dá)量,并計(jì)算其相對(duì)表達(dá)量(U6和β-actin校正值)。具體操作參照說明書。引物序列見表1。
Tab.1The stem-loop and PCR primers of targeted genes表1 各基因引物序列
1.2.5 成纖維細(xì)胞的提取無菌條件下取出0.1 g肺組織于培養(yǎng)皿中,Hank's液漂洗,剪碎肺組織放入15 mL離心管中,加入5倍體積0.05%胰酶,37℃水浴6 min,反復(fù)吹打、靜置,沉降后棄去上清液。沉淀加入約5倍體積0.08%胰蛋白酶及0.1%膠原酶Ⅱ混合液,反復(fù)吹打15 min,離心取沉淀后以15 mL胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液重懸,接種于6 cm培養(yǎng)皿中。每隔60~90 min后更換新鮮胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液。
1.2.6 miR-21 mimic的轉(zhuǎn)染轉(zhuǎn)染前24 h,胰酶消化成纖維細(xì)胞,接種到6孔板中,使轉(zhuǎn)染前細(xì)胞濃度達(dá)到30%~50%。實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)隨機(jī)對(duì)照組、空白對(duì)照組和miR-21 mimic組(均n= 5)。各組分別在50 μL Opti-MEM加入2.5 μL PBS、陰性對(duì)照儲(chǔ)存液和miR-21 mimic儲(chǔ)存液(20 μmol/L),常溫孵育5 min。用50 μL Opti-MEM稀釋1 μL lipo2000,溫和混勻并恒溫孵育5 min。將以上兩液體溫和混勻,室溫孵育20 min。將混合液加入含有細(xì)胞1 mL培養(yǎng)基的培養(yǎng)孔中,柔和混勻,培養(yǎng)5 h后,將孔中含mimic-lipo2000混合液的培養(yǎng)基移去,替換新鮮胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)液。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)1 d,采用熒光定量PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)miR-21的含量。
1.2.7 Western blot法測(cè)定成纖維細(xì)胞ADAMTS-1及TGF-β1蛋白的表達(dá)肺原代成纖維細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)1周后,按試劑盒說明提取蛋白,并測(cè)定蛋白濃度。10%SDS-PAGE行電泳及PVDF膜轉(zhuǎn)印3 h。電泳結(jié)束后用半干轉(zhuǎn)電轉(zhuǎn)移法將凝膠中蛋白轉(zhuǎn)至硝酸纖維素膜。轉(zhuǎn)膜后將膜置于5%脫脂奶粉封閉2 h,分別加入人一抗(1∶100、1∶750稀釋)4℃孵育過夜,采用ECL顯色。凝膠成像系統(tǒng)掃描分析,PhotoshopCS 5.0軟件測(cè)定各組灰度值,分別以ADAMTS-1、TGF-β1與GAPDH顯影條帶灰度值的比值表示相對(duì)表達(dá)水平。實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)3次。
1.2.8 CCK-8檢測(cè)成纖維細(xì)胞的增殖取對(duì)數(shù)生長期成纖維細(xì)胞,以每孔細(xì)胞數(shù)量2×107/L密度接種于96孔板(100 μL/L)中,預(yù)培養(yǎng)后,每孔加入15 μL CCK-8溶液,飽和濕度孵育箱中培養(yǎng)2 h,上酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定460 nm處的吸光度(A460)。通過以下公式計(jì)算增殖率:增殖率(%)=[1-(miR-21 mimic組A460-對(duì)照組A460)/對(duì)照組A460]×100%。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 18.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,2組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),
多組間比較采用單因素方法分析,組間多重比較行LSD-t檢驗(yàn);相關(guān)分析采用Pearson相關(guān)。計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較采用卡方檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 肺纖維化的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)假手術(shù)組肺泡結(jié)構(gòu)正常,極少炎性細(xì)胞浸潤。肺纖維化模型組肺結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,肺泡間隔內(nèi)成纖維細(xì)胞明顯增多,纖維組織增生,呈條索樣、斑片狀分布,肺泡間隔破壞,微波改良Masson染色可見大量染成綠色的膠原纖維,膠原纖維增生明顯,表明肺纖維化模型復(fù)制成功,見圖1。
Fig.1Histopathological changes of lung tissue between two groups(Microwave modified Masson staining,×100)圖1 2組大鼠肺組織病理改變(微波改良Masson染色,×100)
2.2 miR-21基因的表達(dá)肺纖維化模型組miR-21基因的表達(dá)量為(6.05±0.24)×10-4,明顯高于假手術(shù)組的(1.62±0.45)×10-4(n=12,t=12.20,P<0.01)。
2.3 成纖維細(xì)胞中miR-21基因表達(dá)及增殖率比較miR-21 mimic組成纖維細(xì)胞中的miR-21基因表達(dá)及增殖率均明顯高于隨機(jī)對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組(P<0.05),而后兩組組間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見表2。
Tab.2Comparison of gene expression of miR-21 and proliferation in fibroblast between control group,blank group and miR-21 group表2 成纖維細(xì)胞miR-21基因表達(dá)及增殖率比較(n=5,)
Tab.2Comparison of gene expression of miR-21 and proliferation in fibroblast between control group,blank group and miR-21 group表2 成纖維細(xì)胞miR-21基因表達(dá)及增殖率比較(n=5,)
**P<0.01;a與隨機(jī)對(duì)照組比較,b與空白對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05
增殖率(%)12.48±1.23 13.98±1.61 27.89±1.66ab 32.62**組別隨機(jī)對(duì)照組空白對(duì)照組miR-21 mimic組F miR-21/U6(×10-4)1.14±0.07 1.03±0.20 4.87±0.71ab 14.82**
2.4 ADAMTS-1及TGF-β1蛋白表達(dá)水平的變化與隨機(jī)對(duì)照組和空白對(duì)照組相比,miR-21 mimic組ADAMTS-1蛋白的表達(dá)明顯下調(diào),條帶灰度減弱;而TGF-β1蛋白的表達(dá)顯著上調(diào),條帶灰度增強(qiáng);空白對(duì)照組與隨機(jī)對(duì)照組ADAMTS-1及TGF-β1蛋白表達(dá)無明顯差異,見圖2。
Fig.2The expressions of ADAMTS-1 and TGF-β1in fibroblast between three groups shown by Western blot圖2 Western blot檢測(cè)肺成纖維細(xì)胞ADAMTS-1和TGF-β1蛋白的表達(dá)情況
肺纖維化是由多因素所致的慢性、漸進(jìn)性、致命性肺間質(zhì)性疾病,以成纖維細(xì)胞過度分化增殖、ECM膠原蛋白過度積聚、瘢痕組織形成引起肺結(jié)構(gòu)不可逆破壞為特征[5]。大量研究表明TGF-β1是公認(rèn)最關(guān)鍵的誘導(dǎo)肺纖維化的調(diào)控因子,使成纖維細(xì)胞過度增殖分化,ECM在肺間質(zhì)過度積聚,促進(jìn)肺纖維化的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[1]。ADAMTS-1是ADAMTS金屬蛋白酶家族的第一個(gè)成員,成纖維細(xì)胞、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞等細(xì)胞可產(chǎn)生ADAMTS-1,ADAMTS-1分泌后通過C末端3個(gè)血小板結(jié)合蛋白基序和間隔區(qū)錨定在ECM中,參與ECM蛋白的調(diào)控[2]。文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道m(xù)iRNA參與肺纖維化過程中肌成纖維細(xì)胞增殖分化的病理過程[6]。單編碼基因miR-21是進(jìn)化上高度保守的miRNA,與ADAMTS-1存在靶向結(jié)合作用[6-7]。研究表明在博萊霉素誘導(dǎo)小鼠肺纖維化模型和肺纖維化患者肺組織中,miR-21主要在肌成纖維細(xì)胞集中表達(dá)并上調(diào)[7]。本研究成功復(fù)制大鼠肺纖維化模型,微波改良Masson染色可見大量染成綠色的膠原纖維,膠原纖維增生明顯。qRT-PCR結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-21在小鼠肺纖維化模型組表達(dá)較假手術(shù)組顯著上調(diào),提示miR-21參與肺纖維化后肺損傷和修復(fù)過程。
成纖維細(xì)胞的增殖與分化在肺纖維化過程中扮演重要角色。研究表明miR-21在博萊霉素處理的小鼠體內(nèi)及特發(fā)性肺纖維化患者肺內(nèi)表達(dá)均增加,抑制miR-21后肺纖維化程度明顯減輕。miR-21在纖維化組織中表達(dá)上調(diào)是通過TGF-β1/Smad信號(hào)通路實(shí)現(xiàn)的,TGF-β1可以通過增強(qiáng)miR-2l的轉(zhuǎn)錄及轉(zhuǎn)錄后加工使其表達(dá)上調(diào)[8]。本研究證實(shí):過表達(dá)miR-21可明顯激活成纖維細(xì)胞的增殖和分化,提示miR-21與肺纖維化的發(fā)生、發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。ADAMTS-1基因是TGF-β1信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的抑制蛋白,其可與細(xì)胞膜上TGF-β1受體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性結(jié)合,阻斷TGF-β1信號(hào)在胞漿內(nèi)的傳導(dǎo),下游信號(hào)紊亂是TGF-β1信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路失活的機(jī)制之一。而抑制TGF-β1/ADAMTS-1信號(hào)通路可以減輕博萊霉素導(dǎo)致的肺纖維化。筆者預(yù)測(cè)ADAMTS-1為miR-21
的下游靶基因,本研究結(jié)果顯示,在成纖維細(xì)胞中過表達(dá)miR-21可以明顯抑制ADAMTS-1的表達(dá),提示在小鼠肺纖維化模型下,miR-21可以通過抑制ADAMTS-1的表達(dá),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)TGF-β1對(duì)成纖維細(xì)胞的分化而導(dǎo)致肺纖維化。
綜上所述,在小鼠肺纖維化模型中,miR-21在肺纖維化組織中的表達(dá)明顯上調(diào),通過抑制靶基因ADAMTS-1的表達(dá),促進(jìn)成纖維細(xì)胞的增殖和分化而導(dǎo)致肺纖維化,為有效預(yù)防肺纖維化提供了新的線索和治療分子靶點(diǎn)。
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(2014-12-15收稿 2015-04-16修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)
Effect of microRNA-21 on proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary fibroblasts of mice
CAO Man,ZHAO Hong△,HE Jun,DAI Li,YIN Xiaocheng,YAO Pingbo
Pediatrics of the Affiliated Nanhua Hosital of University of South China,Hengyang 421001,China△
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of microRNA(miR)-21 on proliferation and differentiation of murine pulmonary fibroblasts.MethodsC57BL/6 mice of SPF grade(n=24)were randomly divided into Sham group and Pulmo?nary fibrosis model group with 12 mice in each group.Pulmonary fibrosis model was established by trans-tracheal jet ventila?tion of bleomycin into mice.The transcription levels of miR-21 were examined by quantitative real-time PCR in various pul?monary fibrosis tissues.Primary fibroblast were isolated and digested by Trypsin then inoculated into 6 well plate to reach confluence of 30%-50%.PBS(2.5 μL),negative control stock solution and miR-21 mimic stock solution(20 μmol/L)were added into Opti-MEM(50 μL)as control group,blank group and miR-21 mimic group respectively.The cell viability was as?sessed by CCK-8.Expressions of ADAMTS-1 and TGF-β1in the pulmonary fibroblasts were tested using Western blot.ResultsThe expression of miR-21 was significantly increased in lungs of mice in pulmonary fibrosis model group than that in sham group.Expression of miR-21 was higher in miR-21 mimic group than that in control group and blank group.Expres?sion of miR-21 was significantly higher with better cell viability in miR-21 mimic group than that in control group and blank group.The expression of ADAMTS-1 was significantly decreased in miR-21mimic group,while the expression of TGF-β1,a target gene of miR-21,was significantly increased in miR-21 mimic group compared with the other two groups.There is no significant different in expressions of ADAMTS-1 and TGF-β1between control group and blank group.ConclusionOver?expression of miR-21 in pulmonary fibroblasts disrupts TGF-β1signaling pathway by reducing expression of ADAMTS-1, which promotes the proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary fibroblast.
pulmonary fibrosis;fibroblasts;transforming growth factor beta1;microRNAs;cell proliferation;cell differ?entiation;ADAMTS-1;microRNA-21
R563
A
10.11958/j.issn.0253-9896.2015.10.014
湖南省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(14JJ7044);湖南省教育廳青年項(xiàng)目(14B156)
湖南衡陽,南華大學(xué)附屬南華醫(yī)院兒科(郵編421001)
曹嫚(1981),女,主治醫(yī)師,碩士,主要從事呼吸系統(tǒng)肺間質(zhì)性疾病研究
△通訊作者E-mail:zhaohong779900@sina.com