• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    The influencing factors and Development Countermeasures of Large Farming Household in Jiangxi Province

    2015-11-18 08:02:18TianfangDAlFufangMA1JiangxiUniversityofFinanceandEconomicsNanchang330013China
    Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年3期
    關(guān)鍵詞:大戶(hù)種糧紋枯病

    Tianfang DAl,F(xiàn)ufang MA1.Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China;2.

    The influencing factors and Development Countermeasures of Large Farming Household in Jiangxi Province

    Tianfang DAl1,2,F(xiàn)ufang MA2*
    1.Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China;
    2.

    As an important part of the new agricultural business entities,large-scale grain-production households play a significantly positive role in improving the land resource utilization,improving agricultural productivity,increasing agricultural output and farmers'income,and making a certain contribution to stabilize grain production. This paper analyzed the current situation of large-scale grain-production household in Jiangxi Province,as well as the problems in land transfer,farmland infrastructure,production and management,capital and other risks.At last,the paper proposed targeted countermeasures.

    Large farming household;Development characteristics;Problems;Countermeasures

    W ith advancement of urbanization,agricultural industrialization,collectivization and modernization as well as transferring of rural labor,part-time farming is increasingly on rise and large faming household, farmers’professional cooperatives,and leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization are emerging,having significant effects on cro production and national crop safety.

    The operating entities of agricultural production have undergone considerable changes and large farming household has become one of backbones for crop production and management.Currently,there are 682 000 large farming household,representing 0.28%,who engage in farmlands of 9 million hm2,accounting for 7.3%of national farmland area.In conclusion,crop yield of the farming household totals 74.6 billion kg,taking up to 12.7% of national crop yield,of which the yield of faming household averages 7 290 kg/hm2,133 kg higher compared with national average level. These indicated that the scale,organization,and professional level are growing[1].

    Jiangxi Province is a large agricultural province and one of national crop-producing areas.In 2012,crop area reached 3 675 930 hm2,with total yield of 20.848 million ton,making great contribution to national crop safety.Recently,new-type operating entities of crop are booming,taking increasingly high proportion in crop production.According to statistics,in the end of 2012,large farming household with area over 3.3 hm2is as high as 29 498,involving crop area of 0.248 9 million hm2and crop yield of 2.393 million ton,taking up to 11.5%of provincial crop yield.It can be concluded that the operation of farming household is of significance for provincial crop safety and becomes crucial for crop production development.

    Therefore,the research made analysis on large farming households in Jiangxi Province in terms of advan-tages,development and difficulties to explore further development strategies,which is important for grasping crop production trend,stability,and crop safety in Jiangxi Province and provides references for crop production in similar areas.

    Advantage for Large Farming Household in Developing Crop

    The advancement of large farming household promotes crop industry. Compared with traditional contract operation,the new operating entities take advantages in operation scale,capital,technology and market competition and large farming household plays an active role in improving land use rate and yield per unit area and agricultural labor productivity,as well as farmer’s incomes.

    Promoting workforce liberation and increasing farmer’s incomes

    With economy evolvement and new operation entity emergence,rural farmlands are gradually held by new operation entities,and farmers are liberated from farmlands.By labor transferring,farmers start working in secondary and tertiary industries and get higher benefits.Meanwhile,with increasing emergence of large farming household,crop production develops in a large scale and incomes are growing.

    Improving agricultural productivity and advancing agricultural modernization

    Large farming households are of high capability in organization and production,with a fixed model and management system,accomplishing production organization.In general,for large farming households,farmlands are managed by themselves or hiring professionals.According to practical production,it is important to carry out seasonal production,grasp production chains and coordinate production measures to improve productivity.

    Furthermore,large farming household generally targets on improving crop yield and benefits,relying on abundant capital,highly-qualified crop species,green plant protection method, formula fertilization and mechanization-based operation.At the sametime,they usually reduce material or labor costs to improve economic benefits through increasing marginal benefits.

    Improving crop quality and increasing crop yield and benefits

    It is an inevitable choice for new operation entities to engage in diversified operations in the context of decreasing comparative benefit.At present,organic rice,selenium-rich rice and health-care rice are all available for large farming households in Jiangxi Province.Hence,it is crucial to develop right products suitable for high-end customers and maximize rice commercial value by improving rice quality,transforming rice to organic or function based rice.It is also important to highlight rice package,brand establishment,and authentication of producing area,to improve rice acceptance,market share and product grade in order to further enhance rice value and economic benefits.

    Development Characteristics of Large Farming Households in Jiangxi

    Recently,stimulated by national policy of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers,new operation entities represented by large farming household grows fast in Jiangxi Province.

    Table 1 Farming by large farming households in Jiangxi Province

    Concentrated distribution and increasing momentum

    As shown in Table 1,there were 29 498 large farming households with crop areas over 3.33 hm2,which are distributed mainly in advantageous areas of rice in Jiangxi,such as Poyang Lake producing area,Ganfu Plain producing area,Jitai Basin producing area,and high-yielding area in the west of Jiangxi,involving 62 counties or districts.In addition to that,the operation area of large farming household keeps small and the planting area generally maintains below 20 hm2.In Jiangxi Province,large farminghousehold with an area of 20 hm2totals 27 668,representing 93.8%,of which the households with the area of 3.33-6.60 hm2are much more,taking up to 60%of provincial large farming households.

    In 2012,large farming household with an area of 3.33 hm2reached 29 498,with rented area of 247 640 hm2,crop area of 386 100 hm2,and commodity grains exceeding 1.5 billion.Specifically,large farming households with an area of 6.67 hm2totaled 12 124,increasing by 30.2%compared with last year;the rented area reached as extensive as 177 500 hm2,increasing by 28.41%;the growing crops reached 277 300 hm2,enhancing by 24.23%.

    Table 2 Production and management of large farming households in Jiangxi Province in 2012

    High farmland circulation rate and renting cost

    In order to implement national crop safety strategy,farmlands are generally concentrated to new operation entities in a well-organized way to increase scale economy of land and increase farmer’s incomes and yields. Currently,there are two ways of land circulation in Jiangxi Province,including signing contract farmland circulation and collective circulation.In 2012,the circulation rate of land reached 92%in 2012(Table 2)and land circulation proceeded effectively and in large scales in a well-organized way,laying foundation for crop safety.

    As shown in Table 2,the renting costs tended to be volatile upon cities in Jiangxi Province.For example,the renting cost in Jiangxi was 5 327.7 yuan/hm2,but the price was different upon different regions.In Ganzhou City,the renting cost was the least of just 3 150 yuan/hm2,and the highest in Yichun City of 8 580 yuan/hm2.

    Increasing subsidies granted for policy considerations year by year

    Since 2008,the policy of direct subsidy was implemented in Jiangxi Province.Specifically,for large farming households with farming area of 3.33 hm2,subsidy would be given at the price of 240 yuan/hm2.Until 2012,totaling 245.607 1 million yuan was provided,involving 36.42 million yuan in 2008,37.90 million yuan in 2009,51.119 4 million in 2010,53.577 1 million yuan in 2011 and 66.590 6 million yuan in 2012.

    During 2010-2011,Jiangxi Province made use of increased agricultural subsidy to transform nearby farmland infrastructure collectively.In 2012,the project capital was 287.08 million yuan,involving 62 counties,districts or farmlands and standard farmlands of 14 700 hm2and the capitals grew to 347.81 million yuan in 2011,covering 45 counties,districts or farmlands and standard farmlands of 17 800 hm2.

    In 2013,Jiangxi Province started subsidy trial for large farmland households,including loaning,interest subsidy,farmland irrigation,concentrated construction of rice seedling cultivation site,soil fertility improvement and production facilities from the perspectives of financial support and agricultural infrastructure construction, with highlights to bottleneck and difficulty in agricultural productions.

    Factors Preventing Large Farmland Households from Development

    Since 2004,the Central Committee of the Party formulated a series preferential policies and measures for supporting agriculture,such as four“subsidies” (direct subsidy for farmers,comprehensive subsidy for agricultural materials,subsidies for crop species and subsidies for agricultural machines),abolishing agricultural tax and minimal purchasing price,in order to advance crop development.However,the problems can never be ignored for large farming households in production in Jiangxi Province.

    Farmland transferring rules and stability to be improved

    Large farming households are confronted by difficulties,such as nonstandard farmland circulation and poor soil stability.Currently,land circulation in different areas develops at an initial stage and an effective land circulation system is unavailable.It is notable that it is imperfection of policy incentive system that leads to doubts among farmers.At present,land circulation periods generally keep short,dominated by three or five years,or even one year.What’s more,oral agreement is much popular for land circulation,and the signed contracts are not so standard,resulting in increasing disputes.In addition to that,farmersbelieve that land is the dependence of life,and therefore prefer to extensively operate farmlands rather than conduct land circulation.What’s worse,the circulation fees tend to be volatile.In 2012,for example,national land circulation fees were 6 825 yuan/hm2and just 3885yuan/hm2in2009.In Jiangxi Province,the renting cost reaches 5 327.7 yuan/hm2,which is lower compared with average national value,but renting costs in some prefecture-level cities keep higher.Because of higher and rapid growth of land circulation,some large farming households have to give up land renting.Meanwhile,with imperfect rural social security system,it is hard for farmers to get guaranteed in life and the traditional concept of farming for crop safety influences land circulation and full use of farmlands,which significantly prevent development of large farming households in Jiangxi Province.

    Restrictions on farmland infrastructure

    With cropping benefits increased,large farming households increase risks to certain extend.Specifically,the degree of farmland irrigation keeps lower and irrigation facilities available are old,and perform poorly in functions,affecting crop production and posing threats on crop safety.It is estimated that water plays the most significant role in increasing crop yield among the influential factors.For instance,crop yield in irrigated farmlands is generally twice or four times as high as non-irrigated farmlands,increasing 50 billion kg crops[4].According to statistics of the Ministry of Water Resources,of domestic farmlands of 122 million hm2farmlands,64 million hm2 farmlands are poor in irrigation facilities,representing 52.4%.For irrigated farmlands of 57.8 million hm2,the use rate of irrigated water was only 46%[4]and farmland infrastructure is not so good.What’s worse,the rented farmlands for large farming households are basically farmlands with poor fertility,so that it is necessary to increase organic matter to improve soil structure and fertility.What’s worse,it is hard to irrigate for some farmlands at drought or drain at flooding,and it is impossible to guarantee crop harvest at drought or flooding.Additionally,the other problems should taken into consideration also,including blocking of farm track,circuit aging,difficulty in concentration,low mechanization,difficulty of crop storage due to lack of sun-cure field,drying facilities and storage facilities.

    Risks in operation and production

    With increasing of farming scale,investment risks are growing,accordingly,because of high employment costs,renting fees,agricultural machine investment and production cost. In busy season,migrant workers are much more,but local labors are insufficient,increasing employment costs. On the other hand,technicists are in short,especially for those who are professional in technology,down-to-earth and strong in receptivity,which actually prevents extension of technology. With extensive farmlands,most agricultural productions are conducted with machines,which enhances agricultural costs.At the sametime,supporting policies for large farming households,such as financial credit and agricultural insurance,are not so sound,so that benefits of large farming households would be seriously affected,and even go bankrupt,under influence of natural disasters.

    Difficulty in financing

    Crop production is a high-investment industry,especially in early stage when massive funds are required in terms of raw materials,labor,drying and storage and some large farming households are not willing to make investments on farmland infrastructure and water conservancy facilities.On the other hand,large farming households are in a weak position in financing,without guarantees.Hence,it is difficult to apply loan in banks,and only self-raised funds and private lending are available.It can be concluded that large farming households lack funds and it is hard for crop production,deteriorated by financing difficulty,affecting crop safety.

    Development Measures

    Large farming households are an important part of new operation entities of agriculture,who play a crucial role in crop safety in Jiangxi Province and even in China.The development relies on themselves as well as external environment.

    To improve land circulation policy and standardize land circulation

    It is important to improve land circulation policy and system to standardize land circulation.On one hand,it is necessary for governments to provide supports and guidance.Specifically,governments should stimulate and lead in establishing intermediary organizations,provide services on land circulation, reinforce promotion and strengthen farmers’recognition on related policies.On the other hand,it is valuable to improve subcontracts,standardize land circulation and restrict rights and duties of both parties involved,laying foundation for agricultural production of large farming households.Additionally,a sound rural social security mechanism should be constructed to resolve farmer’s worries about future and advance land circulation.

    To reinforce financial supports and improve load system

    It becomes necessary to improve financial support policy and reinforce governments’supports.It is effective to issue subsidy as per specific area in order to explore suitable subsidy policy for large farming households,which would stimulate large-scale operation of lands.Furthermore,special funds for large farming households can be established to compensate large farming households in terms of infrastructure construction and farmland transformation to reduce financial deficit,increase proportion of farmland(ensuring stable yields in drought and waterlogging),and improve cropping activity.Still,load mechanism is another issue should be well considered,resolving financing difficulty.For example,rural credit cooperatives and policy bank should take large farming households as highlights of credit aid and meet large farming households’demands on capitals,providing preferential policy on financing.As for agricultural machines,load periods can be extended to certain extent or subsidies be provided.

    To develop socialization of agriculture and improve quality of large farming households

    It is important to improve social-ization of agricultural for large farming households.At first,it is crucial to enhance supports and investments on agricultural infrastructure from scales and proportions,to guarantee the proportion of agricultural infrastructure investments at 10% of infrastructure construction.Secondly,science and technology promotion is also indispensible.For example,technicians should be organized to guide farmers and provide technology services. What’s more,training of production technology and field management should be promoted among large farming households to improve scientific farming and decision making. Thirdly,it necessary to cultivate professional farmers from universities or colleges and stimulate agricultural innovation activities in order to introduce novel ideas to rural areas.

    References

    [1]FENG H (馮華).The first survey of national large-farming households and crop cooperatives(全國(guó)種糧大戶(hù)和糧食生產(chǎn)合作社首次摸底).People’s Daily(人民日?qǐng)?bào))March 23,2013.

    [2]LI XM (李曉明),et al.Operation and development measures of large-farming households in major producing areas at present(現(xiàn)階段主產(chǎn)區(qū)種糧大戶(hù)經(jīng)營(yíng)狀況與發(fā)展對(duì)策).Issues in Agricultural Economy(農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題),2008(10):21-26.

    [3]ZHU HG(朱紅根),WENG ZL(翁貞林),CHEN ZJ(陳昭玖),ZHANG YS(張?jiān)滤?Analysis on intergenerational transmission willingness and influential factors of crop managements by farming households on basis of survey of 619 large farming households in Jiangxi(農(nóng)戶(hù)稻作經(jīng)營(yíng)代際傳遞意愿及其影響因素實(shí)證分析——基于江西619個(gè)種糧大戶(hù)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)).Chinese Rural Economy(中國(guó)農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)),2010(2):22-32.

    [4]YAO RF(姚潤(rùn)豐).REN F(任芳).WANG Shiyao:Attention should be paid to irrigation and water conservancy projects(王仕堯:應(yīng)高度重視農(nóng)田水利設(shè)施建設(shè))[EB/OL].

    [5]LONG F(龍方).New problems and countermeasures confronted by large farming households after issuing of new crop policies(新糧食政策后種糧大戶(hù)面臨的新問(wèn)題及對(duì)策).Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Social Science)(湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)),2005(6):18-20;

    [6]ZHANG XS(張曉山).Problems of Food Security of China and the Solutions(中國(guó)的糧食安全問(wèn)題及其對(duì)策).Research on Economics and Management(經(jīng)濟(jì)與管理研究),2008:28-33.

    [7]ZHANG XS(張曉山).Innovative development of agricultural entities of production and management(創(chuàng)新發(fā)育農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體).China National Conditions and Strength (中國(guó)國(guó)情國(guó)力),2013(3):10-12.

    Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG

    Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

    (Continued from page 552)continuously spray 2-3 times,the interval period of fungicide application was 7-14 d.

    References

    [1]NIE YF(聶亞鋒),LIU YF(劉永鋒),LI DQ(李德全),et al.Marine bacteria with antimicrobial activity against rice sheath blight(海洋源拮抗細(xì)菌對(duì)水稻紋枯病的防治)[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences(江蘇農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)),2007,23(5): 420-427.

    [2]REN XP(任小平),XIA GL(謝關(guān)林),ZHAO LH(趙麗涵).Screening and utilization of antagonistic bacteriae against rice sheath blight(水稻紋枯病拮抗細(xì)菌的篩選與利用)[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica(植物保護(hù)學(xué)報(bào)),2005,32(4): 337-342.

    [3]CHEN M(陳敏),KANG XH(康曉慧).The research exploration to the effect of controlling rice sheath blight with Bacillus Spp.Drt-11(芽抱桿菌Drt-11防治水稻紋枯病研究)[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences(西南農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)),2006,19(1):53-57.

    [4]MENG DC(孟德超),JI MS(紀(jì)明山).Isolation of antagonistic bacteria against rice sheath blight from soil of Liaoning Province(遼寧地區(qū)水稻紋枯病拮抗細(xì)菌的分離和篩選)[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences(河南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)),2009(4):79-81.

    [5]SONG WW(宋雯雯),QIN Q(覃強(qiáng)),TIAN T(田甜),et al.Screening of antagonistic microorganisms against Magnaporthe grisea(稻瘟病菌拮抗微生物的篩選)[J]. Journal of Agricultural Sciences(農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究),2009,30(2):15-17.

    [6]LU TJ(盧亭君),QIN YG(覃燕光),GUO ZQ(郭志強(qiáng)),et al.Study on field control effects of 300 g/L difenoconazole+ propicondzole emulsifiable concentrate against rice sheath blight(300 g/L苯醚甲環(huán)唑窯丙環(huán)唑乳油對(duì)水稻紋枯病的田間防治效果研究)[J].Horticulture& Seed(園藝與種苗),2011(3):114-115.

    [7]LIU W(劉薇),YANG C(楊超),ZOU JF(鄒劍鋒),et al.Advance in biological control of rice sheath blight(水稻紋枯病生物防治研究進(jìn)展)[J].Guangxi Agricultural Sciences(廣西農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)),2009,40(5):512-516.

    [8]SHI HW(石鴻文),DING WX(丁文俠). The corresponding prevent and cure technique of rice sheath blight(水稻紋枯病的配套防治技術(shù))[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences(河南農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)),2001(5):23.

    [9]YUAN XH(袁小華),DING X(丁旭),WU XB(吳小兵),et al.Field experiments of different fungicides for controlling rice sheath blight(不同藥劑防治水稻紋枯病田間藥效試驗(yàn))[J].Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology(現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技),2014(7):141-143.

    Responsible editor:Nanlin WANG

    Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

    影響種糧大戶(hù)發(fā)展的主要因素及發(fā)展對(duì)策——以江西省為例

    戴天放1,2,麻福芒2*(1.江西財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué),江西南昌 330013;2.江西省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院,江西南昌330013)

    作為新型農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體重要組成部分的種糧大戶(hù),在提高土地資源利用率、提高農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率、增加農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)值和農(nóng)民收入等 方面具有明顯的積極作用,為穩(wěn)定糧食生產(chǎn)做出了一定貢獻(xiàn)。分析了江西省種糧大戶(hù)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,以及在土地流轉(zhuǎn)、農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及資金等方面存在的問(wèn)題,提出了完善土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策,規(guī)范土地流轉(zhuǎn)、完善土地流轉(zhuǎn)政策,規(guī)范土地流轉(zhuǎn)及發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù),提高種糧大戶(hù)的素質(zhì)的措施。

    種糧大戶(hù);發(fā)展特點(diǎn);問(wèn)題;對(duì)策

    江西省博士后研究人員科研擇優(yōu)資助項(xiàng)目《江西省糧食生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體變化與糧食安全關(guān)系研究》(00354033);江西省科技廳軟科學(xué)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目《糧食生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)主體變化與糧食安全關(guān)系研究——以江西省為例》(20133BBA10013)。

    戴天放(1969-),男,河北寧晉人,博士,研究員,博士后,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要研究方向?yàn)檗r(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)與農(nóng)業(yè)工程咨詢(xún),E-mail:dtflover@163.com。*通訊作者。

    2015-01-06

    2015-02-16

    Supported by Advanced Program of Scientific Research for Post-doctors in Jiangxi Province(00354033);Soft Science Research Program of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20133BBA10013).

    .E-mail:dtflover@163.com

    January 6,2015Accepted:February 16,2015

    猜你喜歡
    大戶(hù)種糧紋枯病
    河南父子種糧打“擂”科技實(shí)力添“金”
    稻茬麥翻旋淺覆栽培技術(shù) 種糧大戶(hù)年增收50萬(wàn)元
    股田制讓種糧效益最大化
    畫(huà)畫(huà)就如種糧
    船禍
    四川水稻品種對(duì)紋枯病抗性的評(píng)價(jià)
    小麥紋枯病大田防治藥劑篩選試驗(yàn)
    水稻紋枯病防治藥劑的篩選及田間防效
    技術(shù)營(yíng)銷(xiāo)要抓住種植大戶(hù)的“痛點(diǎn)”
    種植大戶(hù)為什么不賺錢(qián)?
    tube8黄色片| 久久国产精品大桥未久av | 丝袜脚勾引网站| 国产91av在线免费观看| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡 | 妹子高潮喷水视频| 欧美人与善性xxx| 久久热精品热| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 亚洲va在线va天堂va国产| 成年av动漫网址| 亚洲精华国产精华液的使用体验| 两个人的视频大全免费| 国国产精品蜜臀av免费| 国语对白做爰xxxⅹ性视频网站| 亚洲人成网站在线播| 少妇被粗大的猛进出69影院 | 99九九在线精品视频 | 99热这里只有是精品50| av在线app专区| 欧美老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 日本av免费视频播放| 一边亲一边摸免费视频| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 国产色爽女视频免费观看| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 在线观看三级黄色| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 精品人妻一区二区三区麻豆| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 91久久精品国产一区二区成人| 亚洲精品中文字幕在线视频 | 少妇的逼好多水| av不卡在线播放| 免费黄网站久久成人精品| 国产免费又黄又爽又色| 精品人妻一区二区三区麻豆| av福利片在线观看| 亚洲av成人精品一二三区| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 国产乱人偷精品视频| 黄色日韩在线| 国产精品人妻久久久影院| 国产成人a∨麻豆精品| 亚洲av不卡在线观看| 国产探花极品一区二区| 国产精品无大码| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡 | 婷婷色av中文字幕| 新久久久久国产一级毛片| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频 | 一本一本综合久久| 国产免费又黄又爽又色| 午夜日本视频在线| 色哟哟·www| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 一级毛片久久久久久久久女| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 亚洲婷婷狠狠爱综合网| 国精品久久久久久国模美| 亚洲成人av在线免费| 中文字幕人妻丝袜制服| 自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇| 七月丁香在线播放| 桃花免费在线播放| 国产有黄有色有爽视频| 中文天堂在线官网| 国内揄拍国产精品人妻在线| 成人国产av品久久久| videossex国产| 妹子高潮喷水视频| 久久女婷五月综合色啪小说| 亚洲自偷自拍三级| 在现免费观看毛片| 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美 | 精品久久久噜噜| 精品国产露脸久久av麻豆| 久久久久久伊人网av| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 又黄又爽又刺激的免费视频.| 一级毛片黄色毛片免费观看视频| 国产精品国产三级国产av玫瑰| 高清欧美精品videossex| 一级爰片在线观看| 亚洲真实伦在线观看| 精品一区在线观看国产| 一本大道久久a久久精品| 在线观看www视频免费| 高清视频免费观看一区二区| 又大又黄又爽视频免费| av卡一久久| 免费大片18禁| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 久久99蜜桃精品久久| 精品久久久久久电影网| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 中国三级夫妇交换| 成人影院久久| 2021少妇久久久久久久久久久| 狂野欧美激情性bbbbbb| 新久久久久国产一级毛片| 成年人免费黄色播放视频 | 国产精品成人在线| 日本与韩国留学比较| 亚洲一级一片aⅴ在线观看| 亚洲精品国产成人久久av| 美女福利国产在线| 热re99久久精品国产66热6| 国产探花极品一区二区| 日韩大片免费观看网站| 曰老女人黄片| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频 | 久久久久国产精品人妻一区二区| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 国产伦在线观看视频一区| 免费观看a级毛片全部| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| 久久精品国产a三级三级三级| 九九在线视频观看精品| 男女国产视频网站| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 99精国产麻豆久久婷婷| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 九草在线视频观看| 日韩大片免费观看网站| 韩国av在线不卡| 久久久久国产网址| 少妇人妻久久综合中文| 简卡轻食公司| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级 | 亚洲国产精品专区欧美| 曰老女人黄片| 精品酒店卫生间| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 在线免费观看不下载黄p国产| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 极品人妻少妇av视频| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 少妇的逼水好多| 欧美日韩在线观看h| 国产免费视频播放在线视频| 精品久久久噜噜| 国产成人aa在线观看| 国产视频内射| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲 | videossex国产| 免费看av在线观看网站| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 免费黄网站久久成人精品| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人 | 亚洲av二区三区四区| 97超视频在线观看视频| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 久久久久久久久大av| 亚洲欧美中文字幕日韩二区| 九草在线视频观看| 大码成人一级视频| 香蕉精品网在线| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 日韩中字成人| 久久久精品94久久精品| 五月天丁香电影| 欧美97在线视频| 全区人妻精品视频| 免费高清在线观看视频在线观看| 日韩不卡一区二区三区视频在线| 久久久国产一区二区| 亚洲高清免费不卡视频| 亚洲国产成人一精品久久久| 国产毛片在线视频| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 熟女人妻精品中文字幕| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 插阴视频在线观看视频| 观看免费一级毛片| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 亚洲精品日韩av片在线观看| 男人爽女人下面视频在线观看| 少妇的逼水好多| 久久久午夜欧美精品| √禁漫天堂资源中文www| 午夜福利影视在线免费观看| 观看免费一级毛片| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 国产高清国产精品国产三级| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲 | 又爽又黄a免费视频| 亚洲成人av在线免费| 女人精品久久久久毛片| 精品卡一卡二卡四卡免费| 国产精品蜜桃在线观看| 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 精品亚洲成国产av| 日本与韩国留学比较| 一本久久精品| 国产在线免费精品| 中国国产av一级| 精品亚洲成国产av| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| a级毛色黄片| 一级毛片黄色毛片免费观看视频| 免费观看无遮挡的男女| 亚洲欧美成人精品一区二区| 一级片'在线观看视频| 三上悠亚av全集在线观看 | 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放 | 亚洲av综合色区一区| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜| 最近最新中文字幕免费大全7| 人妻人人澡人人爽人人| 精品99又大又爽又粗少妇毛片| 内射极品少妇av片p| 久久99精品国语久久久| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| av天堂中文字幕网| 精品少妇久久久久久888优播| 免费少妇av软件| 一区在线观看完整版| 国产淫片久久久久久久久| 久久鲁丝午夜福利片| 亚洲内射少妇av| 亚洲精品乱码久久久v下载方式| 亚洲精品视频女| 热re99久久国产66热| 18+在线观看网站| videossex国产| 日本91视频免费播放| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| 国内精品宾馆在线| 亚洲成色77777| 久久影院123| 国产亚洲av片在线观看秒播厂| 欧美xxⅹ黑人| 一本色道久久久久久精品综合| 纵有疾风起免费观看全集完整版| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 国产乱来视频区| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 日韩中字成人| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 亚洲人成网站在线观看播放| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 国产精品女同一区二区软件| 精品午夜福利在线看| 亚洲欧美日韩卡通动漫| 国产亚洲av片在线观看秒播厂| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 多毛熟女@视频| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| h视频一区二区三区| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄| 2021少妇久久久久久久久久久| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 91久久精品国产一区二区成人| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频 | 日韩一本色道免费dvd| 免费观看无遮挡的男女| 成年女人在线观看亚洲视频| 国产一区二区三区av在线| 一本一本综合久久| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区| 一级毛片 在线播放| 亚洲精品成人av观看孕妇| 欧美区成人在线视频| 激情五月婷婷亚洲| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 成年美女黄网站色视频大全免费 | 在线观看国产h片| 亚洲精品456在线播放app| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 亚洲精品色激情综合| 99热全是精品| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜| 有码 亚洲区| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 久久久欧美国产精品| 国产极品天堂在线| 亚洲情色 制服丝袜| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线 | 欧美精品人与动牲交sv欧美| 校园人妻丝袜中文字幕| 亚洲精品一区蜜桃| 永久免费av网站大全| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| av在线观看视频网站免费| 在线 av 中文字幕| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看| 桃花免费在线播放| 国产精品国产三级国产专区5o| 大香蕉久久网| 色婷婷av一区二区三区视频| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 亚洲丝袜综合中文字幕| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片| 中文字幕免费在线视频6| 一区二区三区精品91| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| 成人亚洲精品一区在线观看| 色哟哟·www| 亚洲精品456在线播放app| 亚洲欧美精品自产自拍| av天堂久久9| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡 | 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 国产日韩一区二区三区精品不卡 | 久久久久国产精品人妻一区二区| 人人妻人人看人人澡| 国产精品成人在线| 午夜免费鲁丝| 亚洲图色成人| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 色视频在线一区二区三区| 免费看不卡的av| av又黄又爽大尺度在线免费看| 国产在线一区二区三区精| 亚洲欧美精品专区久久| 五月天丁香电影| 少妇高潮的动态图| 69精品国产乱码久久久| 人妻夜夜爽99麻豆av| 国产精品欧美亚洲77777| 另类精品久久| av天堂中文字幕网| 一级毛片 在线播放| 亚洲四区av| 国产毛片在线视频| 七月丁香在线播放| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 伊人久久精品亚洲午夜| 精品国产一区二区久久| 国产精品一区www在线观看| 亚洲成色77777| 91精品国产国语对白视频| 99re6热这里在线精品视频| 美女xxoo啪啪120秒动态图| 少妇的逼水好多| 欧美少妇被猛烈插入视频| 青春草视频在线免费观看| 亚洲精品色激情综合| 丝袜喷水一区| 大码成人一级视频| 十八禁高潮呻吟视频 | 亚洲精品久久午夜乱码| 久久久a久久爽久久v久久| 久久久午夜欧美精品| 精品人妻熟女av久视频| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 在线观看www视频免费| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 少妇熟女欧美另类| 久久99精品国语久久久| 久热久热在线精品观看| 亚洲欧美成人综合另类久久久| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 视频区图区小说| 99热这里只有精品一区| 国产一区二区在线观看av| 亚洲国产精品国产精品| 日韩三级伦理在线观看| 日韩精品免费视频一区二区三区 | 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 久久久久精品性色| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| av在线播放精品| 大又大粗又爽又黄少妇毛片口| 日本av免费视频播放| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 在现免费观看毛片| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站 | 一级二级三级毛片免费看| 丁香六月天网| 精华霜和精华液先用哪个| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 全区人妻精品视频| 视频中文字幕在线观看| 中文字幕久久专区| 又大又黄又爽视频免费| 少妇 在线观看| 你懂的网址亚洲精品在线观看| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 久久久国产精品麻豆| 国模一区二区三区四区视频| 国产av码专区亚洲av| av不卡在线播放| 亚洲国产精品一区二区三区在线| 国产美女午夜福利| 国产精品成人在线| 久久久久久人妻| 国产成人91sexporn| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 最黄视频免费看| 青春草国产在线视频| 日韩欧美 国产精品| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 日韩欧美 国产精品| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| 国产精品无大码| 久久久久久久国产电影| 中国三级夫妇交换| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 国产极品粉嫩免费观看在线 | 婷婷色av中文字幕| 免费观看在线日韩| 免费大片18禁| av黄色大香蕉| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 亚洲欧美日韩另类电影网站| 91aial.com中文字幕在线观看| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 精品久久久久久电影网| 美女中出高潮动态图| 国产亚洲最大av| 欧美+日韩+精品| av国产精品久久久久影院| 色94色欧美一区二区| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 中文字幕av电影在线播放| 亚洲无线观看免费| 黑人猛操日本美女一级片| 伊人久久国产一区二区| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| .国产精品久久| 亚洲色图综合在线观看| 日韩成人伦理影院| 精品久久国产蜜桃| 中文字幕人妻熟人妻熟丝袜美| 五月伊人婷婷丁香| 97精品久久久久久久久久精品| 2022亚洲国产成人精品| 99热这里只有精品一区| 777米奇影视久久| 国产在线男女| 最近中文字幕高清免费大全6| 国产男女超爽视频在线观看| 丝袜脚勾引网站| 国产精品福利在线免费观看| 国产深夜福利视频在线观看| 一边亲一边摸免费视频| 国产成人一区二区在线| videossex国产| 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 韩国高清视频一区二区三区| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 秋霞伦理黄片| 亚洲,一卡二卡三卡| 一本一本综合久久| 中文在线观看免费www的网站| 高清av免费在线| 亚洲无线观看免费| 99九九在线精品视频 | 99热全是精品| 精品国产一区二区久久| 久久狼人影院| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 免费人成在线观看视频色| 你懂的网址亚洲精品在线观看| 人人妻人人澡人人看| 一级黄片播放器| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 日韩免费高清中文字幕av| 插逼视频在线观看| 国模一区二区三区四区视频| 精品酒店卫生间| 视频中文字幕在线观看| kizo精华| 大码成人一级视频| 国产精品麻豆人妻色哟哟久久| av免费在线看不卡| 日韩在线高清观看一区二区三区| 亚洲婷婷狠狠爱综合网| 精品熟女少妇av免费看| 最后的刺客免费高清国语| 久久女婷五月综合色啪小说| 18禁在线无遮挡免费观看视频| 久久女婷五月综合色啪小说| 99九九在线精品视频 | 久久国内精品自在自线图片| 久久久午夜欧美精品| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 欧美精品国产亚洲| 欧美激情国产日韩精品一区| 国产精品久久久久成人av| 国产亚洲5aaaaa淫片| 久久久久久人妻| 2018国产大陆天天弄谢| 免费大片黄手机在线观看| 热99国产精品久久久久久7| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 97在线人人人人妻| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 在线播放无遮挡| 在线观看国产h片| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 在线观看美女被高潮喷水网站| 亚洲国产精品999| 一级二级三级毛片免费看| 成年女人在线观看亚洲视频| 五月玫瑰六月丁香| 精品视频人人做人人爽| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 少妇的逼水好多| 18禁在线播放成人免费| 中文资源天堂在线| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 中国美白少妇内射xxxbb| 精品一区在线观看国产| 欧美高清成人免费视频www| 在线观看国产h片| 人人妻人人爽人人添夜夜欢视频 | 亚洲国产成人一精品久久久| 日本av免费视频播放| 啦啦啦啦在线视频资源| 少妇人妻 视频| 久热这里只有精品99| 久久韩国三级中文字幕| 成年美女黄网站色视频大全免费 | 在线亚洲精品国产二区图片欧美 | 国产成人精品婷婷| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 中文精品一卡2卡3卡4更新| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲 | 男人舔奶头视频| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 一级毛片电影观看| 国产成人freesex在线| 美女福利国产在线| 成人亚洲欧美一区二区av| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站| 国产黄色视频一区二区在线观看| 搡女人真爽免费视频火全软件| 午夜视频国产福利| 热re99久久国产66热| 亚洲一区二区三区欧美精品| 国产日韩欧美亚洲二区| 青青草视频在线视频观看| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区黑人 | 国产欧美另类精品又又久久亚洲欧美| 国产精品人妻久久久久久| 一本久久精品| 亚洲精品日韩av片在线观看| 免费人成在线观看视频色| 在线观看免费高清a一片| 22中文网久久字幕| 亚洲美女搞黄在线观看| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 美女脱内裤让男人舔精品视频| 国产69精品久久久久777片| 777米奇影视久久| 国产成人精品福利久久| 狂野欧美白嫩少妇大欣赏| 久久久久久伊人网av| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 男人爽女人下面视频在线观看| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 亚洲人成网站在线观看播放| 国语对白做爰xxxⅹ性视频网站| 街头女战士在线观看网站| tube8黄色片| 久久久久久久精品精品| 纵有疾风起免费观看全集完整版| 亚洲精品乱码久久久v下载方式| 精品午夜福利在线看| 97超碰精品成人国产| 亚洲欧美成人综合另类久久久| 嫩草影院新地址| 国产淫语在线视频| 啦啦啦在线观看免费高清www| 80岁老熟妇乱子伦牲交| 久久午夜综合久久蜜桃| 精品酒店卫生间| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站 | av在线观看视频网站免费| 午夜激情福利司机影院| 欧美日韩在线观看h| 亚洲精品国产av蜜桃| 黑人高潮一二区| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 国产乱来视频区| 桃花免费在线播放| 久久婷婷青草| 国产精品女同一区二区软件| 岛国毛片在线播放| 能在线免费看毛片的网站| av福利片在线观看| 五月天丁香电影| 边亲边吃奶的免费视频| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 亚洲美女视频黄频| 欧美+日韩+精品| 日韩 亚洲 欧美在线| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| 国产欧美亚洲国产| 免费在线观看成人毛片| 国产精品人妻久久久影院| 国产白丝娇喘喷水9色精品|