lnfluence of a New Nano-PE-film on the Greenhouse Environmental Factors

Yuanyuan CHEN，Ningling ZHOU，4*，Wenxiu Ll，Jia WANG，Xiaoling ZHU，Jingyang HU，Yuanyuan CHEN，Weiming FENG，Lei XU.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials，Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials，College of Chemistry and Materials Science，Nanjing Normal University，Nanjing 00，China；.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Vegetables，Nanjing 004，China；.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment，Nanjing 004，China；4.Nanjing Zhou Ninglin Advanced Materials Technology Co.，Ltd.，Nanjing 505，China

lnfluence of a New Nano-PE-film on the Greenhouse Environmental Factors

Yuanyuan CHEN1，Ningling ZHOU1，4*，Wenxiu Ll1，Jia WANG1，Xiaoling ZHU1，Jingyang HU1，Yuanyuan CHEN1，Weiming FENG2，Lei XU3
1.Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials，Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials，College of Chemistry and Materials Science，Nanjing Normal University，Nanjing 210023，China；
2.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Vegetables，Nanjing 210014，China；
3.Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment，Nanjing 210014，China；
4.Nanjing Zhou Ninglin Advanced Materials Technology Co.，Ltd.，Nanjing 211505，China

［Objective］This study was to evaluate the impact of a new controlled release anti-drip nano-PE-film （CRANPF） on greenhouse environmental factors.［Method］CRANPF and conventional anti-drip PE film （CLAPF）were compared in terms of air temperature，light intensity and CO2concentration by the leafy agriculture greenhouse intelligent monitoring system.［Result］Compared to CLAPF，the air temperature rose slower in CRANPF during hot weather and had better photosynthesis efficiency.［Conclusion］Compared with ODLAPF，CRANPF has better performance and more extensive application prospects.

Controlled release anti-drip nano-PE-film （CRANPF）；Light intensity；Air temperature；CO2concentration

China has nearly 1.4 billion people，over 203，077 acres of arable land，and agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.The development of agricultural science and technology is in line with national agricultural development on the top of the national economic development strategic thinking.Vegetables play an important role in agricultural production，which is directly related to people’s living standards.The development of functional greenhouse/high tunnel films has been included in the National Program for Agricultural Science and Technology Development.

China has the highest agricultural film production and the biggest coverage area.According to statistics，from January to October 2013 nationwide scale enterprises agricultural film production reached up to 1 562 400 tons，an increase of 18.23%，with 2014 of an area of 5790 acres of vegetables. In 2015，the national protected horticulture area may up to 6 500 acres or more.

At present，China's high end，medium end and low end proportion of agricultural films were about 2%，less than 40%and greater than 60%，respectively，while in developed countries the corresponding proportion was 20%，50%，30%，respectively.The general trend of agricultural films development is toward the high performance，multifunction，specialization，serialization，and comprehensive integrated technology［1］.

Agricultural films are mostly hydrophobic substance.When the filmsurface temperature reaches the dew point，moisture in the air reaches saturation and then condenses into water droplets on the surface and atomization［2］.Formation of water droplet on the film surface leads to the following problems:First，it changes light scattering or reflection，which directly affect film transparency and thus affecting the growth of plants；Second，droplet dripping on the plant，will cause the leaves，stems，buds to rot；Finally，it will increase the humidity in the greenhouse，providing a favorable condition for plant diseases.These problems will decrease the yield and quality of crops.Therefore，the research on agricultural anti-drip film is vital.

Compared to Japan，Europe and other developed countries，China’s anti-drip films lifespan of anti-drip is short （2-4months）while crops growth season requires at least 5-6 months［3-5］.Therefore，extending the lifespan of our anti-drip agricultural films is extremely important.

CRANPF adds a new composite anti-drip agent.The main component of the anti-drip agent is surface-active agent.Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that can stay at the oil-water interface and thus reduce the interfacial tension，so that the contact angle with water tends to be small［6-7］.In the agricultural films manufacturing process，anti-dripping agent and plastic after mixing and then blown into films，anti-drip agent are mixed in plastics. After installation， anti-drip agent molecules will start to migrate in the film.Anti-drip agent hydrophilic group in the molecule in combination with the water，with the outside surface of the film in constant contact with water，resulting in a gradual dissolution，so that there forms a molecular diffusion driving force between the membrane and the surface［8-9］.If we can increase the anti-drip efficacy time，it is bound to improve the yield and quality of crops.

Materials and Methods

Experimental materials

Control film:conventional domestic long-term anti-drip PE film （ODLAPF），produced by Plastic Co.，Ltd. Nanjing Compro.According to GB/ T20202-2006，its performance was qualified.

Experiment film:Controlled release anti-drip nano-PE-film （CRANPF），on the basis of the control film，added controlled release nano antidrip agent（Nanjing Zhou Ninglin Advanced Materials Technology Co.，Ltd.），and the rest of the production process stayed the same.

Test methods

Experiment was carried out in Liuhe Base，Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Nanjing，Jiangsu Province.Field comparison was conducted to carry out the Experiment between control film and experiment film.The tunnel’s size was 50 m long，8 m wide and 4 m high.The test crop was polished rod crowndaisy chrysanthemum.The seeding，transplanting and harvesting was conducted on April 7，April 13 and May 14，2014 respectively.

The leafy agriculture greenhouse intelligent monitoring system （Development of Agricultural facilities and equipment Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences）was used to monitor light intensity，air temperature，CO2concentration and other environmental factors inside the tunnel.The light sensor was horizontally 1 m high above the ground.The air temperature sensor was 0.8 m above the ground，and moisture-proof wrapped the exterior of the sensor to prevent moisture affect the sensor.

Results and Analysis

According to the state of crop growth，from seed to maturity，the data during the middle growing period was selected for data collection，that is，the two-day data of April 30 and May 1，2014.

Light intensity

As shown in Fig.1，from 6:00 to 18:00，CRANPF’s light transmittance was significantly higher than ODLAPF. This was because in the morning and afternoon，after exposing the straw，the outdoor temperature was lower than the tunnel air temperature，so the outside air absorbed heat near the inside of film.The air temperature of the film surface decreased，resulting in the formation of a temperature difference from top to bottom，which could lead to film surface temperature easily exceeding the dew point.Moreover， since the tunnel had high humidity characteristic，resulting in fog，which lasted about 3-4 h.Due to the anti-drip effect of CRANPF，accumulation of water droplets quickly flowed along the inner surfaces of the films to the soil at the bottom of the film，decreasing light scattering and reflection while increasing light transmittance.Therefore，the transmission performance of CRANPF was stronger than that of ODLAPF.

Air temperature

As shown in Fig.2，compared with ODLAPF，CRANPF had generally low temperature.At around 11a.m.to 3 p. m.CRANPF had obvious cooling effect with a maximum low of 8℃.This was because CRANPF had light diffuse scattering function，causing it to have cooling effect.Diffuse scattering refers to the reflection of light in the rough surface.Anti-drip agent added to the CRANPF containing a similar graphene structure material，making the CRANPF become non ideal plane. With transparent medium，agricultural film could be seen by the composition of many small mirrors.Although it still followed the law of reflection during light reflection，the normal direction of a small mirror had no regular order，forming diffuse scattering.The difference between the diffuse scattering light and reflection light lied in the common energy change，which explained why the CRANPF had a cooling effect.The suitable growth temperature for chrysanthemum was at about 20℃，and below 12℃it showed slow growth below，while higher than 29℃poor growth.In general，spring and autumn sowing was preferred.However，using CRANPF can still harvest delicious chrysanthemum in high temperature weather.

CO2concentration

As shown in Fig.3，from 9 a.m.to 6 p.m.，CO2concentration of CRANPF was significantly lower than that of ODLAPF.As none of the CRNPF and ODLAPF added CO2gas fertilizer，they were in the same natural condition.This showed that during the day，the photosynthesis of CRANPF crops was more obvious，which in turn had more CO2consumption.This was also caused by the light diffuse scattering function of CRANPF.Conventional tunnel had almost vertical irradiationlight，with most of the light blocked by middle and upper crop leaves.But with no crop stems shadow，the CRANPF tunnel could expose the leaves close to the ground to sunlight.Since CO2is heavier than air，it made lower layer leaves more conducive to plant photosynthesis，which explained why the daytime CO2concentration was lower and the night was almost flat［10］.

Conclusions

In the research，CRANPF has been significantly improved in light intensity，photosynthesis and other performance has been significantly improved，making it show great cooling effect in hot weather.

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Responsible editor:Na LI

Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

新型納米PE膜對溫室環(huán)境因子的影響

陳園園1，周寧琳1，4*，李文秀1，王佳1，朱曉玲1，胡錦陽1，陳媛媛1，馮偉民2，徐磊3（1.江蘇省生物功能材料協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心，南京師范大學(xué)化學(xué)與材料科學(xué)學(xué)院，江蘇南京 210023；2.江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院蔬菜研究所，江蘇南京 210014；3.江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)設(shè)施與裝備研究所，江蘇南京 10014；4.南京周寧琳新材料科技有限公司，江蘇南京 211505）

［目的］檢測新型納米流滴控釋膜的流滴性能及其對溫室環(huán)境因子的影響。［方法］通過設(shè)施葉菜類農(nóng)業(yè)大棚智能監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，對流滴控釋膜和對照膜內(nèi)的空氣溫度、光照強度和CO2濃度等進行檢測和分析。［結(jié)果］通過大田扣棚跟蹤監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種膜具有比現(xiàn)有長壽、流滴功能膜光照強度高、減少高溫天氣棚溫上升以及具有更好的光合作用效果等優(yōu)點。［結(jié)論］這種新型的納米流滴控釋膜比現(xiàn)在廣泛使用的國產(chǎn)流滴膜性能更優(yōu)越，應(yīng)用前景廣泛。

流滴控釋膜；光照強度；空氣溫度；CO2濃度

江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科技自主創(chuàng)新資金項目（CX（13）3032）；南京領(lǐng)軍型科技創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)人才項目（2012-NJ-321）；江蘇省“六大人才高峰”人才項目（2012-NY-031）；南京市科技型中小企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新基金（2013創(chuàng)基074）；江蘇省普通高校高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展項目（JHB05-21）；江蘇省科技支撐計劃-農(nóng)業(yè)部分（SBE2014327）資助；江蘇高校優(yōu)勢學(xué)科建設(shè)工程資助項目（PAPD）。

陳園園（1989-），女，碩士研究生在讀，研究方向：納米材料，E-mail：cyyxoo@126.com。*通訊作者，教授，博士生導(dǎo)師，主要從事納米技術(shù)和高分子材料研究，E-mail：zhouninglin@njnu.edu.cn。

2014-12-20

2015-02-05

Supported by the Independent Innovation Fund of Agricultural Sciences in Jiangsu Province（CX（13）3032）；the Project for the Leading Talents of Scientific and Technical Innovation in Nanjing（2012-NJ-321）；the Six Talents Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province（2012-NY-031）；the Innovation Fund for Technology-Based Firms in Jiangsu Province（2013CJ074）；the Development Project for the High-tech Industries Affliated with Universities in Jiangsu Province （JHB05-21）；the Key Technology R&D Program of Jiangsu Province （for Agriculture）（SBE2014327）；the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions（PAPD）.

.E-mail:zhouninglin@njnu.edu.cn

December 20，2014Accepted:February 5，2015