• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Effects of Different Light Emitting Diodes on Growth and Quality of Lettuce

    2015-11-07 01:34:34XiaoxueFANBoSONGHaiXULongzhengCHENZhigangXUXihanYUAN
    Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年10期
    關(guān)鍵詞:光質(zhì)生菜藍(lán)光

    Xiaoxue FAN,Bo SONG,Hai XU,Longzheng CHEN*,Zhigang XU,Xihan YUAN

    1.Institute of Vegetable Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;

    2.College of Agronomy,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China

    Effects of Different Light Emitting Diodes on Growth and Quality of Lettuce

    Xiaoxue FAN1,Bo SONG1,Hai XU1,Longzheng CHEN1*,Zhigang XU2,Xihan YUAN1

    1.Institute of Vegetable Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China;

    2.College of Agronomy,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China

    The study investigated the effects on growth and quality of lettuce under six light treatments:yellow LED(Y),green LED(G),red LED(R),blue LED(B)and the red plus blue light(R∶B=3∶1)by dysprosium lamp as control(CK).The re-sults showed that:under combination of red light and blue light,the fresh weight and dry weight were the largest,and the second was blue light treatment.Com-pared with the control,blue light and red plus blue light significantly enhanced the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,free amino acid and vitamin C.The study also showed that,red plus blue light significantly improved activity of nitrate reduc-tase and glutamine synthetase in lettuce leaves,which reduced the contents of ni-trate and nitrite and improved the safety effectively.

    Light emitting diode(LED);Light quality;Lettuce;Growth;Quality;Safety

    L ight quality is an important envi-ronment factor that influences many aspects of plant growth and development,such as biomass,plantheight,leafarea and plant shape[1-3].It was found in the research-es of a variety of crops including cow-pea seedlings,rice and seedlings of Chinese toon that blue light was bene-ficial to the accumulation of soluble protein[4-7].Improving the proportion of blue light also can promote the nitro-gen metabolism of tobacco,improving the contents of total nitrogen,protein and amino acid[8].Red light can pro-mote the metabolism of carbohydrates in plants,improving the content of car bohydrates[9-10].Meanwhile,red light also can inhibit the transport process of photosynthate,facilitating the accu-mulation of starch in plant leaves[11].

    In recent years,novel energy-saving high-efficiency lightemitting diode (LED)has become a hotspot of research.Compared with conventional light sources,LED has the advantages of cold light source,low energy con-sumption,fixed light wavelength,high conversion rate,etc.In practical pro-duction,light density and light quality(red/blue light ratio or red/far-red light ratio)of LED light sources can be reg-ulated.Configuring light spectrum ac-curately according to the requirements by crops using LED light sources can promote high-yield high-quality envi-ronment-friendly crop production with high efficiency[12-13].In addition,apply-ing LED light sources can solve the problem of impure light quality,result-ing in improved reliability of experi-ment results.In this paper,the effects of yellow light(Y),green light(G),red light(R),blue light(B)and red plus blue light(R∶B=3∶1)generated by LEDs on the growth and quality of lettuce were studied,aiming at understanding the effect of light quality on growth and various quality of lettuce and providing theoretical basis for application of LED light sources in protected cultivation of lettuce.

    Materials and Methods

    Experiment design

    The experiment was carried out at the LED plant light source research center of Nanjing Agricultural Universi-ty in October of 2011,and the experi-ment material was lettuce(Lactvca sativa L.).Seeds were subjected to soaking for accelerating germination and sown into aperture disks filled with turf,vermiculite and perlite(volume ratio at 3∶1∶1)under following environ-ment conditions:natural light,temper-ature of(20±2)℃,photoperiod of 12 h/d1 and relative humidity of about 80%.When the second true leaf was completely spread,lettuce seedlings with accordant morphologies and growth vigor were transplanted onto polyurethane foam seedling blocks in water planting boxes under LED light sources with 5 different light spectral energy distribution and dysprosium lamps as the control.The five LED treatments were blue light(B),red light(R),green light(G),yellow light(Y)and red plus blue light(R∶B=3∶1)with a light intensity of 100 μmol/(m2·s).Oxy-gen was supplied into nutrient solution with inflator pumps,the nutrient solu-tion was replaced every 7 d once.The nutrient solution was prepared accord-ing to garden-type nutrientsolution formula,and the microelement formula adopted Aron formula.Each treatment was provided with 15 individual plants with three repetitions under the pho-toperiod of 12 h/d.After 20 d,random sampling was carried out to determine various indicators.Three individual plants were selected from each treat-ment randomly,and each indicator was determined thrice.

    Light spectral energy distribution

    The LED light source system was developed autonomously by the LED plant light source research center of Nanjing Agricultural University,and dysprosium lamps was used as the control.The light spectral energy dis-tribution was shown in Table 1.

    Indicator determination and meth-ods

    Three individual plants were se-lected from each treatment randomly for the determination of plant height,and fresh weights were weighed with an electronic scales;deactivation of enzymes was carried out in a dryer for 15 min,and the plants were dried to constantweights at80 ℃ to be weighed.Soluble sugar contents were determined according to anthrone colorimetric method[14];free amino acid contents were determined according to ninhydrin method[14];soluble protein contents were determined according to CBB G-250 staining method[14];ni-trate nitrogen contents were deter-mined according to sulfuric acid-sali-cylic acid method[14];nitrate reductase activity was determined according to in vitro method[14];nitrite contents were determined according to the method by QIN[15];and glutamine synthetase activity was determined according to the method by YIN[16].

    Data analysis

    All data was processed with Excel 2003,statistics was performed with SPSS 17.0,and variance analysis adopted Duncan's multiple compari-son method.The lowercase letters a,b,c,d and e in the tables represented significant difference of various treat-ments at 0.05 level.

    Table 1 Major technique parameters of different light spectral energy distribution under LED

    Table 2 Effects of different light quality on morphologies and biomass of lettuce seedlings

    Results and Analysis

    Effects of different light quality on morphologies and biomass of let-tuce seedlings

    As shown in Table 1,in compari-son with the control,the fresh weight and dry weight of individual lettuce plant were the largest under red plus blue light,which were improved by 55.6%and 62.5%,respectively;the next was the blue light treatment,which improved the fresh weight and dry weight of individual lettuce plant by 37.7%and 25%,respectively;and the red light treatment improved the fresh weight and dry weight of individual let-tuce plant by 14.8%and 12.5%,re-spectively.However,yellow LED and Green LED remarkably reduced the fresh weight and dry weight of individu-al lettuce plant.The above results indi-cated that red light,blue light and red plus blue light had positive effect on plants.

    Compared with CK,yellow LED,green LED and red LED obviously in-creased the plant height of lettuce;blue LED significantly suppressed the plant height of lettuce;and red plus blue light was not significantly different with CK.

    Effects of different light quality on quality of lettuce seedlings

    In Table 3,light quality could ob-viously affect the quality of lettuce.the soluble sugar content under the treat-ment by red light was remarkably high-er than those under other treatments,and increased by 24.1%compared with the control,red plus blue light and blue light increased the soluble sugar content by 21.5%and 14.3%com-pared with the control,respectively,while under the treatment by yellow light and green light,the soluble sugar content decreased notably.blue light,red plus blue light and red light result-ed in the soluble protein contents in-creased remarkably,which were high-er than that of the control by 25.2%,5.9%and 4.7%,respectively,while the treatments of yellow light and green light lowered the soluble protein con-tent.Blue light and red plus blue light also led to remarkably improved amino acid contents in lettuce,which were higher than that of the control by 43.4%and 32.8%,while other treat-ments were not significantly different with the control.The vitamin C con-tents in lettuce under blue light and red plus blue light were higher,and in-creased by 29.4%and 17.6%com-pared with that of the control,while un-der the treatments of red light,yellow light and green light,the content de-creased remarkably.

    As shown in Table 4,the nitrate content was higher under green light and yellow light,there was no differ-ence between red light and blue light,while red plus blue light resulted in an obviously decreased nitrate content,which was lower than the control by 43.2%.The nitrite content had a trend accorded with that of the nitrate con-tent,and red plus blue light also result-ed in a lowest nitrite content.By the research on the activities of key en-zymes in nitrate metabolism,the activ-ity of nitrate reductase was the highest under red plus blue light,which in-creased by 3 times compared with the control,and blue light and red light al-so improved the activity by 1.5 and 1.75 times,respectively.Meanwhile, the red plus blue light also obviously improved the activity of glutamine syn-thetase by 66.7%compared with the control.It was thus clear that visible red light,blue light and red plus blue light could improve the activities of metabolic enzymes to lower nitrate content in lettuce,and red plus blue light had an optimal light effect.

    By comprehensively analysis,compared with the control and other treatments,red plus blue light could better improve the contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,free amino acid and vitamin C,while remarkably lower nitrate content,thus indicating the best quality of lettuce under the treatment of red plus blue light.

    Table 3 Effects of different light quality on quality of lettuce seedlings

    Table 4 Effects of different LED light quality on safety of lettuce seedlings

    Conclusions and Discus-sion

    A lot of researches showed that red light and blue light had an impor-tant regulation effect on protein metabolism of higher plant,and the protein contents in leaves and seeds of a variety of plants under blue lighttreatmentwere higher than those of red light treatment[9,11].This study found that the contents of solu-ble protein and free amino acid in leaves of lettuce under blue LED treatment were the highest,which was the same as the results of previous studies.Previous studies found that blue light could obviously promote dark respiration ofmitochondrias,and thus provided energy and carbon frameworkfornitrogenmetabolism and protein synthesis[9];and mean-while,blue light could activate NR,therebyproviding more assimilable carbon so-urces for protein synthe-sis[18-19].Therefore,blue LED is benefi-cial to synthesis and accumulation of soluble protein and amino acid of lettuce.

    Saccharides were the starting matter for organic metabolism,and were the main energysource for maintaining vital movement[20].Previ-ous studies found that red light im-proved soluble sugar contents in a va-riety of vegetables including tomato,Chinese toon seedlings and Chinese cabbage[7,21-22];and there were also studies reporting that red plus blue light improved soluble sugar content in rice seedlings[23].In this study,it was al-so found that the soluble sugar content was the highest in the lettuce under the red light treatment,and the second was the soluble sugar content in the lettuce under the treatment of red plus blue light,which was in accordance with the results by previous studies.

    Vitamins are essential for human health.There were researches indicat-ing that blue light could promote the synthesis of vitamin C.Under blue light treatment, pea seedlings, radish sprouts and garlic seedlings have higher vitamin C contents[24-26].Proper ratio of blue light to red light can effec-tively improve vitamin C content in plants[27].In the researches on oilseed rape,it was found that vitamin C con-tent in leaves of tissue culture seedlings was the highest at the ratio of 3∶1 of blue light to red light[28].In this study,we found that the treatments of blue light and red plus blue light resulted in higher vitamin C contents,which was in accordance with previ-ous studies.

    Illumination plays an important role in nitrate metabolism in plants,and is one of the main factors deter-mining nitrate content.Nitrate reduc-tase (NR)and glutamine synthetase(GS)are two kinds of key enzymes in the assimilation process of NO3-[18].Dif-ferentlight quality can obviously change the activities of NR and GS. There were researches indicating that blue light was likely to stimulate NR di-rectly,and meanwhile,red light andphytochrome also could regulate and control NR activity[29-30].In addition,GS activity can be promoted by NR activity to some extent[31].The results of this study showed that red plus blue LEDs at a ratio of 3:1 had a positive effect on the regulation and control of NR and GS of lettuce,while the effects by monochromatic red light and blue light were less obvious than red plus blue light,which might be related to the in-teraction of phytochrome with cry-tochrome.Nitrate accumulation in vegetables was caused by frustrated nitrogen metabolism,and its content was in positive correlation with NR and GS activities,which was verified by the results of this study in that the combi-nation of red and blue light improved the activities of nitrate metabolic en-zymes and effectively reduced the ni-trate content in lettuce.

    Because the spectral energy dis-tribution of red light and blue light accords with the peak areas of ab-sorption spectrum of chlorophyll,red plus blue light can influence grow and development of plants positively,and proper spectral proportion,which may vary from species to species,can give full play to growth potential of plants[27,32].

    [1]MORTENSEN LM,STROMME E.Ef-fects of light quality on some green-house crops[J].Sci Hortic,1987,33:27-36.

    [2]ESKINS K.Light-quality effects on Ara-bidopsis development.Red,blue and far-red regulation of owering and mor-phology[J].Physiol Plant,1992,86:439-444.

    [3]ESKINS K,WARNER K,F(xiàn)ELKER F. Light quality during early seedling devel-opment in uences the morphology and bitter taste intensity of mature lettuce(Lactuca sativa)leaves[J].Plant Physi-ol,1996,147:709-713.

    [4]DENG JM(鄧江明),CAI QY(蔡群英),PAN RC(潘瑞熾).Effect of light quality on the contents of protein and free amino acids in rice seedlings(光質(zhì)對水稻幼苗蛋白質(zhì)、氨基酸含量的影響)[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany(植物學(xué)通報(bào)),2000,17(5):419-423.

    [5]GUO YS(郭銀生),GU AS(谷艾素),CUI J(崔瑾).Effects of light quality on rice seedlings growth and physiological characteristics(光質(zhì)對水稻幼苗生長及生理特性的影響)[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)),2011,22(6):1485-1492.

    [6]LIN BY(林碧英),ZHANG Y(張瑜),LIN YZ(林義章).Effects of Light Quality on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Several Physiological and Biochemical Indices of Cowpea Seedings(不同光質(zhì)對豇豆幼苗光合特性和若干生理生化指標(biāo)的影響)[J].Chinese Journal of Trop-ical Crops(熱帶作物學(xué)報(bào)),2011,32(2):235-239.

    [7]ZHANG LW(張立偉),LIU SQ(劉世琦),ZHANG ZK(張自坤),et al.Dynamic of Different Qualities on Growth of Toona sinensis Seedlings(不同光質(zhì)下香椿苗的生長動(dòng)態(tài))[J].Acta Agriculturae Bore-ali-occidentalis Sinica(西北農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào)),2010b,19(6):115-119.

    [8]SHI HZ(史宏志),HAN JF(韓錦峰),GUAN CY(管春云),et al.Effects of red and blue light proportion on leaf growth,carbon-nitrogen metabolism and quality in tobacco(紅光和藍(lán)光對煙葉生長碳氮代謝和品質(zhì)的影響)[J].Acta Agronomi-ca Sinica(作物學(xué)報(bào)),1999,25(2):215-220.

    [9]KOWALLIk W.Blue light effects on res-piration[J].Annu Rev Plant Physiol,1982,33:51-72.

    [10]Li Q,CHIERI K.Effects of supplemen-tal light quality on growth and phyto-chemicals of baby leaf lettuce[J].Env Exp Bot,2010,67:59-64.

    [11]SAEBO A,KREKLING T,APPEL-GREN M.Light quality affects photo-synthesis and leaf anatomy of birch plantlets in vitro[J].Plant Cell Tiss Org,1995,2:177-185.

    [12]WEI LL(魏靈玲),YANG QC(楊其長),LIU SL(劉水麗).Review on research and developing trends of light-emitting diode in plant factory(LED在植物工廠中的研究現(xiàn)狀與應(yīng)用前景)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin(中國農(nóng)學(xué)通報(bào)),2007,23(11):408-411.

    [13]YANG QC(楊其長),XU ZG(徐志剛),CHEN HD(陳弘達(dá)),et al.Application Principle and Technology Progress in Using Light-Emitting Diode(LED)Light Sources in Modern Agriculture(LED光源在現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的應(yīng)用原理與技術(shù)進(jìn)展)[J].Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(中國農(nóng)業(yè)科技導(dǎo)報(bào)),2011,13(5):37-43.

    [14]LI HS(李合生),Principles and tech-niques of plant physiological biochem-ical experiment(植物生理生化實(shí)驗(yàn)原理和技術(shù))[M].Beijing:Higher Educa-tion Press(北京:高等教育出版社),2000.

    [15]QIN SC(秦遂初).Crop nutrition fertil-ization and diagnosis experiment(作物營養(yǎng)施肥與診斷實(shí)驗(yàn))[M].Beijing:A-gricultural Publishing House (北京:農(nóng)業(yè)出版社),1992.

    [16]YIN ZX(殷召學(xué)).Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients on the physiological influences nutri-tion quality and key enzymes in nitro-gen metabolism of Chinese chive (氮磷鉀對韭菜生理效應(yīng)、營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)及氮代謝關(guān)鍵酶的影響)[D].Baoding:Agri-cultural University of Hebei(河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)),2005.

    [17]LI SHAOSHAN(李韶山),PAN RUICHI(潘瑞熾).Effects of blue light on the growth of rice seedlings(藍(lán)光對水稻幼苗生長效應(yīng)的研究)[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rice Science(中國水稻科學(xué)),1994,8(2):115-118.

    [18]CAMPBELL WH.Nitrate reductase biochemistry comes of age[J].Plant Physiol,1996,111:355-361.

    [19]NINNEMANN H.Some aspects of blue light research during last decade[J]. Photochem Photobiol,1995,61:22-31.

    [20]TAO Y,STANLEY MB.Effect of light quality on production of extra cellular polysaccharides and growth rate of Porphyridium cruentum [J].Biochem Eng J,2004,19:251-258.

    [21]PU GAOBIN(蒲高斌),LIU SHIQI(劉世琦),LIU LEI(劉磊),et al.Effects of Dif-ferent Light Qualities on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Toma-to Seedlings(不同光質(zhì)對番茄幼苗生長和生理特性的影響)[J].Acta Horticul-turae Sinica(園藝學(xué)報(bào)),2005,32(3):420-425.

    [22]WANG T(王婷),LI WL(李雯琳),GONG FE(鞏芳娥),et al.Effects of different LED light qualities on growth and physiological characteristics of non-heading Chinese cabbageLED (光源不同光質(zhì)對不結(jié)球白菜生長及生理特性的影響)[J].Journal of Gansu Agri-cultural University(甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)),2011,46(4):69-73.

    [23]CAI HC(蔡鴻昌),CUI HX(崔海信),CUI JH(崔金輝).Effects of Different Light Qualities on the Quality of Tomato Plug Seedlings(不同光質(zhì)對番茄穴盤苗質(zhì)量的影響)[J].Journal of Agricul-tural Science and Technology(中國農(nóng)業(yè)科技導(dǎo)報(bào)),2010,12(3):114-118.

    [24]ZHANG LW(張立偉),LIU SQ(劉世琦),ZHANG ZK(張自坤),et al.Dynamic Effects of Different Light Qualities on Pea Sprouts Quality(不同光質(zhì)對豌豆苗品質(zhì)的動(dòng)態(tài)影響)[J].Northern Horti-culture(北方園藝),2010a(8):4-7.

    [25]ZHANG LIWEI(張立偉),LIU SHIQI(劉世琦),ZHANG ZIKUN(張自坤),et al. Effects of light qualities on the nutritive quality of radish sprouts(光質(zhì)對蘿卜芽苗菜營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的影響)[J].Acta Nutri-menta Sinica(營養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào)),2010c,32(4):390-392.

    [26]YANG XJ(楊曉?。?,LIU SQ(劉世琦),ZHANG ZK(張自坤),et al.Effects of Different Light Emitting Diode Sources on Nutritional Quality of Garlic Seedling(不同發(fā)光二極管對青蒜苗營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的影響)[J].Acta Nutrimenta Sinica(營養(yǎng)學(xué)報(bào)),2010,32(5):518-520.[27]WEN J(聞婧),WEI LL(魏靈玲),YANG QC(楊其長).Application of LED in leaf vegetable plant factory(LED在葉菜植物工廠中的應(yīng)用)[J].Agriculture Engi-neering Technology(農(nóng)業(yè)工程技術(shù)),2009(6):11-12.

    [28]HUIMIN LI,CANMING TANG,ZHI-GANG XU.Effects of light emitting diodes on growth and morphogenesis ofRapeseed (BrassicanapusL.)plantlets in vitro[J].Sci Hortic,2013,150:117-121.

    [29]LILLO C,APPENROTH KJ.Light reg-ulation of nitrate reductase in higher plants:Which photoreceptors are in-volved[J].Plant Biol.2001,3:455-465.

    [30]SOPORY SK,SHARMA AK.Spectral quality of light,hormones and nitrate assimilation.-In:Abrol Y.P.(Ed.)Ni-trogen in higherplants.Research Studies Press Ltd.,1990:129-157.

    [31]LIN QH(林清華),LI CJ(李常鍵),PENG JI(彭進(jìn)),et al.Effect of NaCl stress on glutamate synthase and glutamate de-hydrogenase 0f rice plants(NaCl對水稻谷氨酸合酶和谷氨酸脫氫酶的脅迫作用)[J].Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research(武漢植物學(xué)研究),2000,18(3):206-210.

    [32]YANG QC(楊其長).Application and Prospect of Light-Emitting Diode(LED)in Agriculture and Bio-industry(LED在農(nóng)業(yè)與生物產(chǎn)業(yè)的應(yīng)用與前景展望)[J].Journal of Agricultural Sci-ence and Technology(中國農(nóng)業(yè)科技導(dǎo)報(bào)),2008,10(6):42-47.

    Responsible editor:Yingzhi GUANG

    Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

    不同LED光源對生菜生長和品質(zhì)的影響

    樊小雪1,宋波1,徐海1,陳龍正1*,徐志剛2,袁希漢1(1.江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院蔬菜研究所,江蘇南京 210014;2.南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,江蘇南京210095)

    [目的]探明光質(zhì)對生菜生長和各項(xiàng)品質(zhì)的影響,為LED光源在生菜設(shè)施栽培上的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。[方法]以生菜為材料,利用LED精量調(diào)制光源,設(shè)置黃光(Y)、綠光(G)、紅光(R)、藍(lán)光(B)和紅藍(lán)組合光(R∶B=3∶1)5個(gè)LED光處理,以鏑燈白光為對照,探討不同LED光源對生菜生長和品質(zhì)的影響。[結(jié)果]紅藍(lán)組合光下生菜植株鮮樣質(zhì)量和干樣質(zhì)量最大,其次是藍(lán)光處理。與對照相比,藍(lán)光和紅藍(lán)組合光顯著提高了生菜可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游離氨基酸和維生素C含量。試驗(yàn)還發(fā)現(xiàn),紅藍(lán)組合光顯著提高了生菜葉片中硝酸還原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶活性,從而降低了硝酸鹽和亞硝酸鹽含量,有效提高了其安全品質(zhì)。[結(jié)論]適宜的光譜比例能夠充分發(fā)揮植物的生長潛力。

    LED光源;光質(zhì);生菜;生長;營養(yǎng)品質(zhì);安全性

    農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)經(jīng)費(fèi)項(xiàng)目(201403032);江蘇省自主創(chuàng)新基金項(xiàng)目[CX(13)2004]。

    樊小雪(1983-),女,山東淄博人,博士,助理研究員,研究方向?yàn)槭卟擞N與生理生態(tài),E-mail:fxx600@163.com。*通訊作者,男,博士,副教授,研究方向?yàn)槭卟擞N與分子育種。

    2015-07-08

    Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest by the Ministry of Agriculture (201403032)and the Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Fund Project[CX(13)2004].

    *Corresponding author.E-mail:fxx600@163.com

    Received:July 8,2015 Accepted:September 20,2015

    修回日期 2015-09-20

    猜你喜歡
    光質(zhì)生菜藍(lán)光
    脆嫩爽口的生菜
    中老年保健(2022年6期)2022-08-19 01:44:10
    光質(zhì)對疊鞘石斛形態(tài)及生理指標(biāo)的影響
    LED光質(zhì)對彩色馬蹄蓮組培苗生長及生理特性的影響
    生菜怎么吃更健康
    藍(lán)光特別推薦
    藍(lán)光特別推薦
    藍(lán)光特別推薦
    不同光質(zhì)對黃瓜幼苗抗旱性的影響
    生菜?你愛吃圓的還是散葉兒的?
    食品與健康(2017年3期)2017-03-15 18:07:48
    生菜有道
    美食堂(2017年2期)2017-02-14 00:16:54
    欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 成年人黄色毛片网站| 亚洲色图 男人天堂 中文字幕| 可以免费在线观看a视频的电影网站| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频| 一二三四在线观看免费中文在| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 国产高清激情床上av| 日韩熟女老妇一区二区性免费视频| 大型av网站在线播放| 美女主播在线视频| 美女扒开内裤让男人捅视频| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 欧美 日韩 精品 国产| 亚洲第一av免费看| 国产精品av久久久久免费| 超色免费av| 国产单亲对白刺激| 亚洲国产欧美网| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址 | 久热这里只有精品99| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 91国产中文字幕| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色 | 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 亚洲三区欧美一区| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 成人免费观看视频高清| 男人操女人黄网站| 国产激情久久老熟女| 黄色毛片三级朝国网站| 国产成人欧美| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产 | 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 无人区码免费观看不卡 | 视频区欧美日本亚洲| 纵有疾风起免费观看全集完整版| 最黄视频免费看| 午夜成年电影在线免费观看| 久久青草综合色| 免费日韩欧美在线观看| 女人被躁到高潮嗷嗷叫费观| 亚洲精品一二三| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 久久久久久亚洲精品国产蜜桃av| 久久 成人 亚洲| 成人特级黄色片久久久久久久 | 国产欧美日韩一区二区精品| 久久热在线av| 麻豆成人av在线观看| 国产亚洲精品第一综合不卡| 久久中文字幕人妻熟女| av片东京热男人的天堂| 亚洲av片天天在线观看| 中文字幕制服av| 亚洲第一青青草原| 国产成人精品无人区| 国产97色在线日韩免费| 一本久久精品| 亚洲av成人不卡在线观看播放网| 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 69av精品久久久久久 | 久久狼人影院| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 超色免费av| 国产激情久久老熟女| 色播在线永久视频| 免费在线观看影片大全网站| 99在线人妻在线中文字幕 | 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 国产精品1区2区在线观看. | 99精品欧美一区二区三区四区| 交换朋友夫妻互换小说| 色综合欧美亚洲国产小说| 日日爽夜夜爽网站| 99久久人妻综合| 老汉色av国产亚洲站长工具| 老司机影院毛片| 啪啪无遮挡十八禁网站| 亚洲人成电影观看| 老鸭窝网址在线观看| 中文字幕色久视频| 一本综合久久免费| 99国产极品粉嫩在线观看| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 男人操女人黄网站| 色视频在线一区二区三区| 国产精品1区2区在线观看. | 成在线人永久免费视频| 久久精品亚洲精品国产色婷小说| tube8黄色片| 亚洲精品粉嫩美女一区| 亚洲国产av新网站| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 在线观看免费日韩欧美大片| 人人澡人人妻人| 国产av国产精品国产| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区久久| 丝袜喷水一区| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 窝窝影院91人妻| 精品国产亚洲在线| 黄色视频不卡| 亚洲成a人片在线一区二区| 久久国产亚洲av麻豆专区| 老熟妇仑乱视频hdxx| 欧美日本中文国产一区发布| 两性夫妻黄色片| 男女高潮啪啪啪动态图| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 亚洲久久久国产精品| 成年人黄色毛片网站| 国产精品一区二区免费欧美| 午夜视频精品福利| 黄片小视频在线播放| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 国产精品电影一区二区三区 | 国产欧美日韩一区二区三| 啪啪无遮挡十八禁网站| 黑人欧美特级aaaaaa片| 国产欧美日韩一区二区三区在线| 19禁男女啪啪无遮挡网站| 久9热在线精品视频| 一级毛片女人18水好多| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 女人久久www免费人成看片| 国产欧美日韩综合在线一区二区| 美国免费a级毛片| 999久久久国产精品视频| 欧美变态另类bdsm刘玥| 男女边摸边吃奶| 国产高清videossex| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 中文字幕另类日韩欧美亚洲嫩草| 人妻久久中文字幕网| 激情在线观看视频在线高清 | 视频在线观看一区二区三区| 国产成人av激情在线播放| 丰满饥渴人妻一区二区三| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 久久99一区二区三区| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| e午夜精品久久久久久久| 久久香蕉激情| 免费不卡黄色视频| svipshipincom国产片| 精品第一国产精品| 丝袜美足系列| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 亚洲美女黄片视频| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 亚洲成人国产一区在线观看| 天天添夜夜摸| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 在线观看免费高清a一片| 美女视频免费永久观看网站| 美女高潮到喷水免费观看| 精品国产乱码久久久久久小说| 精品一区二区三区av网在线观看 | www.999成人在线观看| 久久九九热精品免费| www.精华液| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 欧美黄色片欧美黄色片| 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 国产亚洲精品一区二区www | 超碰97精品在线观看| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| 一区福利在线观看| 亚洲av美国av| 岛国毛片在线播放| 欧美人与性动交α欧美软件| 丝袜在线中文字幕| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| 一夜夜www| 亚洲一卡2卡3卡4卡5卡精品中文| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 啦啦啦在线免费观看视频4| 国产日韩欧美视频二区| 午夜福利乱码中文字幕| 一个人免费在线观看的高清视频| 成年人黄色毛片网站| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 色综合婷婷激情| 国产精品久久久久久精品古装| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 国产精品.久久久| 别揉我奶头~嗯~啊~动态视频| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 美国免费a级毛片| 日本五十路高清| 欧美日韩中文字幕国产精品一区二区三区 | 美女国产高潮福利片在线看| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 露出奶头的视频| 满18在线观看网站| 成人18禁在线播放| 自线自在国产av| 五月开心婷婷网| 性少妇av在线| 97人妻天天添夜夜摸| 国产精品免费一区二区三区在线 | 三级毛片av免费| 欧美乱码精品一区二区三区| 在线永久观看黄色视频| 日韩有码中文字幕| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 免费在线观看完整版高清| 操出白浆在线播放| 成年人午夜在线观看视频| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 亚洲熟女精品中文字幕| 成人永久免费在线观看视频 | 丁香六月欧美| 久久久国产欧美日韩av| tocl精华| 亚洲午夜精品一区,二区,三区| 久久国产精品男人的天堂亚洲| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 18禁黄网站禁片午夜丰满| 9色porny在线观看| 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| videosex国产| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 性高湖久久久久久久久免费观看| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色 | 日本五十路高清| 男女下面插进去视频免费观看| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 丰满少妇做爰视频| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 老熟女久久久| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 国产精品偷伦视频观看了| 精品国产乱子伦一区二区三区| 国产深夜福利视频在线观看| 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频| 少妇粗大呻吟视频| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 大码成人一级视频| 国产无遮挡羞羞视频在线观看| av有码第一页| 午夜久久久在线观看| 亚洲精品国产区一区二| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| 国产aⅴ精品一区二区三区波| 99久久人妻综合| 亚洲黑人精品在线| 啦啦啦视频在线资源免费观看| 国产xxxxx性猛交| 嫁个100分男人电影在线观看| 亚洲成人手机| 99re在线观看精品视频| 制服诱惑二区| 老熟妇乱子伦视频在线观看| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 日韩免费av在线播放| 满18在线观看网站| 怎么达到女性高潮| 在线观看一区二区三区激情| 黄频高清免费视频| 高清av免费在线| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码| 黄色视频在线播放观看不卡| av有码第一页| 美女扒开内裤让男人捅视频| 老熟女久久久| 欧美日韩视频精品一区| 国产在视频线精品| 亚洲,欧美精品.| 视频区图区小说| 欧美日韩av久久| 国产一区二区三区在线臀色熟女 | 夜夜夜夜夜久久久久| 黑人操中国人逼视频| av免费在线观看网站| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 国产亚洲欧美精品永久| 最近最新中文字幕大全电影3 | 亚洲精品美女久久av网站| 最新在线观看一区二区三区| 另类精品久久| 精品福利永久在线观看| 在线观看免费高清a一片| av视频免费观看在线观看| 操出白浆在线播放| 久久久精品区二区三区| 性色av乱码一区二区三区2| 搡老乐熟女国产| 波多野结衣av一区二区av| 亚洲天堂av无毛| 亚洲专区字幕在线| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 搡老乐熟女国产| 无遮挡黄片免费观看| 久久九九热精品免费| 在线 av 中文字幕| 国产精品二区激情视频| 高清av免费在线| 老熟女久久久| 国产黄频视频在线观看| 国产精品熟女久久久久浪| 日韩欧美三级三区| 婷婷丁香在线五月| 91成人精品电影| 亚洲天堂av无毛| 亚洲色图av天堂| 午夜福利在线免费观看网站| 9色porny在线观看| 久久久欧美国产精品| 国产成人欧美在线观看 | 国产在线免费精品| 成人影院久久| av天堂在线播放| 久久人妻熟女aⅴ| svipshipincom国产片| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放| 亚洲免费av在线视频| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 五月开心婷婷网| 老司机福利观看| 欧美精品亚洲一区二区| 精品亚洲成国产av| 国产av精品麻豆| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 亚洲欧洲精品一区二区精品久久久| 天堂俺去俺来也www色官网| 亚洲精品国产精品久久久不卡| 亚洲国产av新网站| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 少妇精品久久久久久久| 成人手机av| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 99国产精品99久久久久| 一区二区三区激情视频| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 香蕉久久夜色| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 十八禁人妻一区二区| 午夜免费成人在线视频| 一区二区三区国产精品乱码| 欧美日韩精品网址| 美女高潮喷水抽搐中文字幕| 久久亚洲真实| 热re99久久国产66热| 大型黄色视频在线免费观看| 亚洲七黄色美女视频| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 在线观看免费午夜福利视频| www.精华液| 天天躁日日躁夜夜躁夜夜| 下体分泌物呈黄色| 国产精品1区2区在线观看. | 日日摸夜夜添夜夜添小说| 老司机在亚洲福利影院| 午夜视频精品福利| 91成人精品电影| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 黑丝袜美女国产一区| 如日韩欧美国产精品一区二区三区| 免费久久久久久久精品成人欧美视频| 女性被躁到高潮视频| av视频免费观看在线观看| 国产精品久久久久久人妻精品电影 | 999精品在线视频| 美女午夜性视频免费| 99国产综合亚洲精品| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 久久ye,这里只有精品| av不卡在线播放| 久久毛片免费看一区二区三区| 男女边摸边吃奶| 高清av免费在线| 色在线成人网| bbb黄色大片| 飞空精品影院首页| av福利片在线| 欧美日韩av久久| 俄罗斯特黄特色一大片| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 中文欧美无线码| 亚洲中文日韩欧美视频| h视频一区二区三区| 久久精品91无色码中文字幕| 真人做人爱边吃奶动态| 精品人妻在线不人妻| 亚洲av国产av综合av卡| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 国产亚洲av高清不卡| 成年动漫av网址| 香蕉国产在线看| 欧美国产精品一级二级三级| 久久婷婷成人综合色麻豆| 精品免费久久久久久久清纯 | 亚洲精品国产色婷婷电影| 日韩 欧美 亚洲 中文字幕| 久久精品亚洲av国产电影网| 热99国产精品久久久久久7| 免费女性裸体啪啪无遮挡网站| 久久久久久久久免费视频了| 国产日韩欧美在线精品| 精品午夜福利视频在线观看一区 | 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| 久久精品成人免费网站| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 日本黄色日本黄色录像| www.精华液| 久久久久久人人人人人| 久久这里只有精品19| 国产精品免费视频内射| 黄色视频,在线免费观看| 国产1区2区3区精品| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 亚洲精品自拍成人| 在线十欧美十亚洲十日本专区| 男女床上黄色一级片免费看| 国产一区二区 视频在线| 国产深夜福利视频在线观看| tocl精华| 12—13女人毛片做爰片一| 男女边摸边吃奶| 国产视频一区二区在线看| 精品人妻熟女毛片av久久网站| 久久久久视频综合| 精品亚洲成国产av| 精品熟女少妇八av免费久了| 黑人巨大精品欧美一区二区mp4| 一夜夜www| 色老头精品视频在线观看| 欧美日韩亚洲综合一区二区三区_| 两个人看的免费小视频| 在线观看免费视频网站a站| 黄色片一级片一级黄色片| 色播在线永久视频| 欧美激情高清一区二区三区| 亚洲国产欧美网| 日韩欧美一区视频在线观看| 三级毛片av免费| 少妇 在线观看| 母亲3免费完整高清在线观看| 看免费av毛片| 国产精品国产av在线观看| av片东京热男人的天堂| 久久人人97超碰香蕉20202| a在线观看视频网站| 在线观看66精品国产| 天天添夜夜摸| 国产av国产精品国产| 国产免费现黄频在线看| 少妇的丰满在线观看| 午夜两性在线视频| 最新的欧美精品一区二区| 香蕉久久夜色| 岛国毛片在线播放| 99久久99久久久精品蜜桃| 91麻豆精品激情在线观看国产 | 99九九在线精品视频| 国产不卡av网站在线观看| 成年女人毛片免费观看观看9 | 建设人人有责人人尽责人人享有的| 99riav亚洲国产免费| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 国产主播在线观看一区二区| av片东京热男人的天堂| 涩涩av久久男人的天堂| 久久香蕉激情| 九色亚洲精品在线播放| 中亚洲国语对白在线视频| 精品国产国语对白av| 欧美激情 高清一区二区三区| 91大片在线观看| 精品亚洲成a人片在线观看| 肉色欧美久久久久久久蜜桃| 午夜激情久久久久久久| 18禁国产床啪视频网站| 精品欧美一区二区三区在线| 欧美日韩亚洲高清精品| 这个男人来自地球电影免费观看| 国产成人精品久久二区二区免费| 狠狠婷婷综合久久久久久88av| 脱女人内裤的视频| 亚洲av电影在线进入| 国产av国产精品国产| 亚洲av日韩精品久久久久久密| www.精华液| 欧美av亚洲av综合av国产av| 一级毛片电影观看| 日韩成人在线观看一区二区三区| svipshipincom国产片| 国产在线观看jvid| 久久午夜亚洲精品久久| 久久久久久人人人人人| 麻豆国产av国片精品| 一边摸一边抽搐一进一出视频| 成在线人永久免费视频| 高潮久久久久久久久久久不卡| 一区福利在线观看| 丰满迷人的少妇在线观看| 啦啦啦免费观看视频1| 99久久国产精品久久久| 精品亚洲乱码少妇综合久久| tocl精华| 一级黄色大片毛片| 91国产中文字幕| www日本在线高清视频| 成年人免费黄色播放视频| 50天的宝宝边吃奶边哭怎么回事| 丝袜喷水一区| 91av网站免费观看| 久久精品亚洲精品国产色婷小说| 十八禁网站网址无遮挡| 91九色精品人成在线观看| 在线天堂中文资源库| 欧美一级毛片孕妇| 久久亚洲精品不卡| 99久久精品国产亚洲精品| 国产精品免费视频内射| 香蕉国产在线看| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 国产欧美日韩精品亚洲av| 国产成人免费无遮挡视频| 日韩三级视频一区二区三区| 亚洲自偷自拍图片 自拍| 女性生殖器流出的白浆| 中文字幕最新亚洲高清| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 多毛熟女@视频| 久久狼人影院| 菩萨蛮人人尽说江南好唐韦庄| 久久久久久久大尺度免费视频| 男女边摸边吃奶| 亚洲国产欧美日韩在线播放| 又大又爽又粗| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 少妇裸体淫交视频免费看高清 | 在线 av 中文字幕| 丝袜人妻中文字幕| 曰老女人黄片| 狠狠婷婷综合久久久久久88av| 国产精品免费视频内射| 亚洲精品自拍成人| 伊人久久大香线蕉亚洲五| 99久久国产精品久久久| 老汉色∧v一级毛片| 日本精品一区二区三区蜜桃| 亚洲欧美日韩高清在线视频 | 久久ye,这里只有精品| av在线播放免费不卡| 无人区码免费观看不卡 | 日本一区二区免费在线视频| 变态另类成人亚洲欧美熟女 | 一级毛片精品| 国产精品二区激情视频| 欧美大码av| 国产精品二区激情视频| 国产高清国产精品国产三级| 国产一区二区三区综合在线观看| 国产精品一区二区在线不卡| 他把我摸到了高潮在线观看 | 两个人免费观看高清视频| 精品一区二区三区四区五区乱码| 日本欧美视频一区| 首页视频小说图片口味搜索| 男女午夜视频在线观看| 国产精品秋霞免费鲁丝片| 国产一区二区三区视频了| 国产精品成人在线| 悠悠久久av| 欧美人与性动交α欧美精品济南到| 午夜福利视频在线观看免费| 日本vs欧美在线观看视频| 亚洲全国av大片| 精品久久蜜臀av无| 欧美精品高潮呻吟av久久| 天堂8中文在线网| 美女高潮喷水抽搐中文字幕| 一本综合久久免费| 天堂中文最新版在线下载| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影小说| 亚洲一码二码三码区别大吗| 超碰成人久久| 高清毛片免费观看视频网站 | 天天操日日干夜夜撸| 欧美性长视频在线观看| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| www日本在线高清视频| 国产成人精品在线电影| 国产精品98久久久久久宅男小说| cao死你这个sao货| 狠狠精品人妻久久久久久综合| 最黄视频免费看| 精品一区二区三区视频在线观看免费 | 亚洲精品自拍成人| 麻豆乱淫一区二区| 国产黄色免费在线视频| 乱人伦中国视频| av片东京热男人的天堂|