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    Overview of Pharmaceutical Research on the Poria with Hostwood of Traditional Chinese Medicine

    2015-12-17 11:44:30GuangciXUDexiaZHANGDanLIFanfanZHANGYunfangLISuominFENGJiangGONGXiaZHANGShifengNI
    Agricultural Science & Technology 2015年10期
    關(guān)鍵詞:茯神中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)陜西

    Guangci XU, Dexia ZHANG, Dan LI, Fanfan ZHANG, Yunfang LI, Suomin FENG, Jiang GONG, Xia ZHANG, Shifeng NI*

    1. College of integrated traditional and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;

    2. Pharmaceutical Institute, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China;

    3. Department of Medicine, Tibet Nationality College, Xianyang 712082, China;

    4. College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China

    Introduction of Poria with hostwood

    Sources

    Poria with hostwood (Poriacum Radix Pini) parasitizes on and surround tree roots, which has better quality than ordinary Poria[1].

    Characteristics

    Poria with hostwood has a shape of square block, attached with cut cylinder-like hostwood. The hostwood has a width and a length both of 4-5 cm and a thickness of 0.4-0.6 cm,with a diameter of the wood center not greater than 1.5 cm. The surface of Poria with hostwood was off-white,while some is faint red. Poria with hostwood has heavy and rigid body,and is odorless, bland, and sticky while chewing. Under microscope,many irregular colorless granular masses and terminal blunt round branched masses can be seen, which were soluble in chloral hydrate, and the mycelium is long thin, slightly curve,and branched[2-3].

    Processing

    Cheng et al.[4]suggested that Poria with hostwood was processed with minimum usual dose as basis unit,and each block of Poria with hostwood was best controlled at a weight of about 6 g.

    Identification

    Physic identification A piece of genuine Poria with hostwood and a piece of fake Poria with hostwood are placed into two beakers filled with clear water, respectively, and soaked.The beaker with genuine Poria with hostwood has more brown loose scraps, while the one with fake Poria with hostwood has fewer or no. This method is suitable for identify “singlepiece fake”Poria with hostwood[5-6].

    Chemical identification When iodine test solution is dropped onto samples,genuine Poria with hostwood has no change while fake Poria with hostwood changes into blue or purple brown. This method is suitable for“multiple-peice fake” Poria with hostwood[5].

    Application methods and dosage

    Poria with hostwood appears in 300 Chinese medicinal nootropic prescriptions in "Chinese medicinal nootropic theropy"for 79 times.It usual dosage is(35.1±7.6)g[8].It should be noted that cinnabar-coated Poria with hostwood cannot be added into decoctions, and calcined magnet and cinnabar-coated Poria with hostwood cannot be formulated into decoctions for oral administration[9-10].

    Quality control of compounds

    By thin-layer chromatography,Mantis egg case shows black blue spots while Poria with hostwood shows blue spots, they thus can be identified, and the method is used for the quality control of Sanfu Yishen Decoction and Sangpiaoxiao Powder[9-10].

    Composition Study

    Polysaccharides

    Extraction process The optimal extraction process by ultrasonic method is performed by adding 15 times of water into medicinal material with a granularity of 40 mesh and ultrasonically treating at 50.0 kHz for 45 min twice.The ultrasonic method has an extraction rate better than those of decoction and enzymolysis methods, and it is time-saving, simple, convenient with higher extraction efficiency and suitable for large-scale production[13].

    Polysaccharide components The main components of Poria with hostwood are polysaccharides with a content of 1%-4%, and they have main chains composed of β-(1→3)D-glucan with few β-(1→6)glucan branched chains, and contain D-galactose, D-fructose, D-rahmnose, D-mannose, D-xylose and so on[14-15].

    Triterpenes

    More than thirty triterpene components mainly of lanostane type tetracyclic triterpenes have been isolated from Poria with hostwood at present,which can be classified according to structural characteristics into following four groups:12 kinds of lanostane type triterpanes,9 kinds of 3, 4-seco-lanostene type triterpenes and other triterpene components[7]. Seventy eight triterpene components mainly of lanostane type tetracyclic triterpenes have been isolated from Poria with hostwood at present, which can be classified according to structural characteristics into following four groups:18 kinds of lanosta-8-ene type triterpenes, 37 kinds of lanosta-7, 9 (11)-diene type triterpenes,6 kinds of 3,4-seco-lanosta-8-ene type triterpenes, and 17 kinds of 3, 4-seco-lanosta-7, 9(11)-diene type triterpenes. In its decoction pieces, the total content of triterpenes is of 0.349 1%-0.588 7%[16].

    Others

    Poria with hostwood has therein components including fatty acid, gum,chitin, protein, lecithin, dextrose, adenine, histidine and choline; inorganic components including SiO2, Ca, Mg,Fe, I, Na, S, P, Mn and Cl; as well as β-pachyman enzyme and trace protease[7]. Lin extracted ergosterol peroxide, pachymic acid, 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dihydrogen furan-2 (3H)-ketone, β-D-Glu (3-1)-α-D-Glu and αlinolenic acid from Poria with hostwood[17].

    Pharmacological Research

    Pharmacology of western medicine Antitumor effect Poria with hostwood inhibits the growth of tumors mainly by triterpene components and polysaccharide components. Its poriatin can significantly inhibit the transportation of L1210 cell nucleuses of leukemic mice, and thus has a synergistic effect on anticaner drug, and it also can enhance the ability of macrophages for producing tumor necrosis factor[16].Methyl ester of triterpene compoents in Poria with hostwood can be used as tumor prophylactic. Pachymaran obtained from reaction of pachyman has an inhibition rate up to 96% to S180 sarcoma, and the pachyman derivative obtained from the hydrophilization thereof also has good antitumor effect[7]. Carboxymethyl pachyman has an inhibition rate up to 92.7% to U-14 tumor and certain inhibition effect on 5180 sarcoma and H22 liver cancer[18].

    Sedative, hypnotic and anticonvulsive effects Carboxymethyl polysaccharides extracted from Poria with hostwood has good sedative effect,and can enhance the inhibition effect of thiopentone to maincenter of mice,significantly prolonging anaesthesia time[19]. Fushen mixture can significantly prolong disappearing duration of righting reflex of mice caused by sodium pentobarbital and shorten time to onset of persistent sleep,and can obviously increase animal sleep percentage together with sodium pentobarbital in a subliminal amount of pentobarbital induced hypnosis[20]. It also can postpone the incubation period of being convulsed by central stimulant pentylenetetrazole and reduce the number of convulsed mice, thus having stronger central inhibitory effect[21].Hu detected that Poria with hostwood had a good sedative effect on mice by intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection of Fushen decoction[22]. The functional food extracted from Jujuboside and Poria with hostwood has a good effect of regulating sleep of mice, a medium dose group can prolong hypnotic lasting time induced by sodium pentobarbital and shorten the hypnotic latent period induced by sodium pentobarbital, and a high dose group also can improve the rate of sleeping mice by subliminal sodium pentobarbital[23]. Linglingshen Granule has a synergistic effect with sodium pentobarbital in increasing the number of sleeping mice[24].

    Anti-inflammatory effect Pachyman has an effect of inhibiting acute and chronic inflammation reaction and an effect of inhibiting aggravation of subcutaneous granuloma of rats caused by cotton balls, and a small dose of pachyman can effectively inhibit ear swelling of mice caused by xylene[16]. Triterpenes in Poria with hostwood can inhibit the activity of phospholipase A2, and also can inhibit ear swelling of mice caused by TPA.Pachymic acid can well inhibit SLT-IIe from inducing endothelial cells of intestinal mucosa to secrete excessive sICAM-1 that weakens the adhesion between leukocytes and microvascular endothelial cells, effectively inhibiting excessive leukocytes from arriving inflammatory sites through microvessels,thus preventing excessive inflammation[7].

    Bacteriostasis Filer paper with 100% extract of Poria with hostwood has an inhibition effect on Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa,Bacillus anthracis,Staphylococcus albus,group A Streptococcus,Escherichia coli, group B Streptococcus,and also has a good effect of regulating intestinal flora[16].

    Hepatoprotective effect Poria with hostwood has obviously protection effect on rat liver injury caused by carbon tetrachloride by remarkably reducing the activity of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, preventing hepatocellular necrosis. Its effect of resisting necrosis of liver cells is so significant as to remarkably reduce hepatocyte swelling and accelerate hepatocyte regeneration, thereby protecting liver and lowering transaminase. Poria with hostwood also can slow down the occurrence of hepatic fibrosis of rats,and the mechanism might be related to the down regulation of TGF-β1 and PDGF expression, inhibition of HSC proliferation and activation, promotion of extracellular matrix degradation and reduction of deposition of liver fiber connective tissue[7].

    Hypoglycemic effect Triterpene components of Poria with hostwood can enhance differentiation-inducing activity of insulin, and triterpene components themself also have differentiation-inducing activity[7].

    Diuretic effect Pachyman can facilitate the discharge of potassium, sodium and related electrolytes in urine,with its diuretic effect strength varied according to animal species[16].

    Enhancing of immune function

    The material base of Poria with hostwood for regulating immune function is mainly triterpenes, soluble sugar and acidic polysaccharides[7].

    Antidepression effect Poria with hostwood can up-regulate the expression level of astrocyte GFAP, which might be due to the activation effect on As, while the exact mechanism remains to be further researched[25].

    Analgesic effect The result from analgesic effect of the compounds of Poria with hostwood showed that in hot plate test only its extract and soluble triterpenes has remarkable analgesic activity. The experimental result by writhing method showed water extracts, soluble triterpene components,and crude polysaccharides of the compounds of Poria with hostwood and linglingshenmi Paste can remarkably reduce mouse writhing times by inhibiting local pain induced by glacial acetic acid and improving pain threshold of mice, and the dosage of soluble triterpenes was of 0.44 g/kg,with most significant efficacy[17].

    Pharmacology of Chinese medicine

    Poria with hostwood is sweet in taste and neutral in nature, attributed to heart and spleen meridians. It has the effect of nourishing heart and tranquilizing mind, and mainly treat malaise, palpitation due to fright and amnesia[26].

    Clinical Application

    Most clinical treatments adopt this medicine for a very long history.

    Insomnia

    Professor Gao Ziping often adds radix polygonati officinalis and Poria with hostwood when treating insomnia caused by pruritus, with good efficacy[27]. By analyzing ancient insomnia prescription with literature search and statistical analysis, the result showed that Poria with hostwood was used for 65 times in 177 prescriptions, with a fourth utilization frequency[28]. Danzhi Xiaoyao Shengmai Mixture was used for treating 30 cases with insomnia together with western medicine therapy,achieving an effective rate of 100%[29].Fushen Zaoren Decoction had an effective rate of 95.6%in treating 68 patients with refractory insomnia[30].Shi[32]mentioned 22 prescriptions, 11 of which used Poria with hostwood.Medicated food, modified Zhuxin Fushen Decoction and Guipi Decoction was used for treating heart-spleen deficiency type insomnia with respective effective rates of 83.8% and 91.11%[33-34].Jiaotai Anshe Yin cooperated with acupuncture and moxibustion has remarkable effect in treating refractory insomnia, with a total effective rate up to 94.4%[35].

    Emotional syndrome

    Zhou studied 153 cases with emotional syndrome of stagnation of phlegm-dampness in middle Jiao,and found that Poria with hostwood was used for 55 times in 153 prescriptions[36].

    Postpartum psychosis Forty eight patients with postpartum depression are treated with Fushen Powder by oral administration, in which 33 cases were cured, 8 cases felt obvious efficacy and 4 cases were promoted,with a total effective rate of 93.75%[37]. Hao treated postpartum depression, and classified it into three types, all of which were treated with application of Poria with hostwood[38].

    Anxiety disorder Yanxue Anshen Decoction was used to treat 200 cases suffered anxiety disorder, 141 cases were cured, 40 cases were improved greatly and 13 case felt its efficacy,with a total effective rate of 90.5%[39].

    Climacteric mental disorder Ganmai Dazao Decoction cooperated with Guipi Decoction was used for treat 57 cases with climacteric depression, achieving an effective rate of 96.49%[40].Modified Bozi Yanxin Pill has a total effective rate of 90% in treating climacteric syndrome[41].Modified Zhibai Dihuang Decoction was used for treating 40 cases with climacteric syndrome, in which 22 cases were cured and 16 cases acquired significant efficacy, with a total effective rate of 95%[42].

    Epilepsy

    Dingxian Pill attained remarkable efficacy in treating epilepsy together with sodium valproate tablets, achieving a total effective rate of 98.36%[43].Huanshen Decoction was adopted for treating 33 cases with depressive psychosis, in which 12 cases recovered,and 15 cases recognized an obvious efficacy, with a total effective rate of 81.8%[44]. In the treatment of 50 cases with insanity by Longyucheng Qi Decoction,43 cases were cured, and remarkable efficacy appeared on 5 cases,with a total effective rate of 96%[45].

    Heart diseases

    Modified Pingchong Wenxin Decoction was used for treating 3 patients had palpitation,all were cured[46].In treating 68 cases suffered postinfarction angina by Yiqi Tongmai Decoction combined with conventional western medicine, the higher effective rate was of 88.24%[47].In the treatment of 50 cases suffered coronary heart disease combined with arrhythmia by modified Guipi Decoction combined with metoprolol,the therapy had a significant efficacy on 26 cases and also had an efficacy on 16 cases,with a total effective rate of 84%[48]. Dingji Fumai Decoction was used for treating48 cases with sick sinus syndrome, in which 24 cases acquired significant efficacy and 16 cases was improved,achieving a total effective rate of 83%[49].

    Senile dementia

    In the treatment of 57 cases with vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)by Tianzhi Granule combined with western medicine , the therapy had a significant efficacy on 10 cases, and was effective to 39 cases,with a total effective rate of 86.1%[50]. Xixin Decoction can obviously improve the level of O-GlcNAcylation modifying Tau protein of hippocampus tissues in rats with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease,and thus might be capable of inhibiting hyperphosphorylation on Tau protein at important sites and Tau toxicity thereof, preventing the aggravation of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease[51].In the treatment of vascular dementia by Yizhi Decoction, a significant efficacy appeared on 82 cases, and 16 cases were improved,achieving a total effective rate of 81.82%[52].

    Hypertension

    Tianma Gouteng Decoction cured 99 cases and had a significant efficacy on 8 cases in the treatment of 108 cases with primary hypertension, with a total effective rate of 92.50%[53]. Cui Yuheng treats hypertension with Pinggan Qianyang Decoction and Yanxin Anshen Decoction with good effect[54].

    Diabetes

    Treating 66 aged patients with type 2 diabetes with Modified Fushen Buxu Decoction combined with Danxing GuiJian Decoction achieved an effective rate up to 83.33%[55]. Poria with hostwood attained an effective rate of 89% in the treatment of 38 cases with diabetes[56].

    Cervicogenic cerebral ischemia

    Fushen Juming Decoction can fundamentally improve blood circulation of vertebrobasilar arteries of patients with cervicogenic cerebral ischemia,achieving an idea efficacy[57].

    Enuresis

    In the treatment of 44 cases with Fangfushen Decoction,32 cases were cured, and 12 cases were improved,with a total effective rate of 100%[58].

    Health protection

    The jelly taking semen ziziphi spinosae and Poria with hostwood as main materials and white granulated sugar, edible gelatinizing agent and citric acid as auxiliary materials, has comprehensive nutrition and good health protection function[59].

    Others

    Ancient prescription from southern Fujian, Fengfushen, is capable of treating morbid night crying of babies and mental disorder[60]. Fushen Decoction can treat hypotension,leukopenia and rheumatic carditis[61].Mixing Poria with hostwood with cinnabar can enhance the effect of tranquilizing the mind. In Chinese medicinal prescriptions, cinnabarcoated Poria with hostwood is also a drug frequently used[62].

    Summary and Prospect

    Poria with hostwood is widely distributed in China, with larger resource quantity as well as long medicinal history and exact efficacy, while further study is still needed. The future research is directed at steride components and protein components, and the pharmacological activity mainly researched is central activity. Meanwhile, the protection of its resource should not be neglected, in order to provide sustainable medicinal material sources for further rational development.

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    [36]ZHOU Y (周鶯),WU SZ (鄔珊志),LIN QY(林清葉),et al.Mathematical analysis of medicine rule in 153 ancient medical records of stagnation of phlegm-dampness in emotional syndrome (153 例古代情志病證痰濕內(nèi)停證醫(yī)案用藥規(guī)律)[J].Journal of Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine (江西中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)), 2011,23(3):19-20.

    [37]WANG QF (王秋鳳).Clinical observation of treating 48 patients with postpartum depression by Fushen Powder(茯神散治療產(chǎn)后抑郁48 例臨床觀察)[J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (光明中醫(yī)), 2010, 25(9):1630-1631.

    [38]HAO YX (郝有孝). My view on distinguishing and treatment of postpartum psychosis(產(chǎn)后精神異常辨治我見)[J].Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(陜西中醫(yī)),16(6):287.

    [39]WANG QJ(王秋菊),HUANG QS(黃青松).Treatment of treating 200 patients with anxiety by Yangxue Anshen Decoction (養(yǎng)血安神湯治療焦慮癥200例)[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(陜西中醫(yī)),2011,32(9):1172-1173.

    [40]XIE Z (謝珍). Clinical observation of treating 57 patients with involutional melancholia by modified Ganmai Dazao Decoction and Guipi Decoction(甘麥大棗湯合歸脾湯加減治療更年期抑郁癥57 例療效觀察)[J]. Journal of New Chinese Medicine(新中醫(yī)),2004,36(10):26-27.

    [41]MEI RS(鎂日斯).Modified Baizi Yangxin Pills for the Treatment of Menopausal Syndrome (柏子養(yǎng)心丸加味治療更年期綜合征的療效觀察)[J]. Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)),2015,22(5):357-359.

    [42]LIU ZH (劉志輝), LIU XQ (劉小瓊),DING LL (丁玲玲). Treatment of 40 patients with climacteric syndrome by modified Zhibo Dehuang Decoction(知柏地黃湯加味治療更年期綜合征40例)[J].Chinese Journal of Trauma and Disability Medicine (中國傷殘醫(yī)學(xué)),2012,20(3):51-52.

    [43]YAO ZH (姚志浩),GAO JM (高覺民).Parallel Randomized Controlled Study of Epilepsy Pill Given Valproate Tablets Combined Therapy (定癇丸聯(lián)合丙戊酸鈉片治療癲癇病隨機(jī)平行對照研究)[J].Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of internal medicine(實(shí)用中醫(yī)內(nèi)科雜志),2014,29(4):104-106.

    [44]ZHANG HK(張宏寬), ZHOU EQ(周恩慶). Clinical observation of treating 33 cases with depressive psychosis by Huanshen decoction(歡神湯治療癲癥33 例療效觀察)[J].Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (陜西中醫(yī)),1985,6(12):537.

    [45]ZHANG QY(張啟元),QIU RQ(邱榮瓊).Treatment of 50 cases with insanity by Longyucheng Qi decoction (龍郁承氣湯治療癲狂50 例)[J].Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (陜西中醫(yī)),1985,6(12):539-540.

    [46]CHEN X (陳馨),WANG GM (王桂敏),YANG ZD(楊振東).Medical records of treating palpitation with modified Pingchong Wenxin Decoction (平?jīng)_穩(wěn)心湯加減治療心悸驗(yàn)案) [J].CHinese Community Doctors 社區(qū)中醫(yī)藥,2009,16(25):34.

    [47]WEI JT(魏家亭).Treatment of 68 cases with postinfarction angina by Yiqi Tongmai Decoction combined with conventional western medicines (益氣通脈湯配常規(guī)西藥治療心肌梗塞后心絞痛68 例)[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (陜西中醫(yī)),2006,27(7):782-783.

    [48]WANG ZS (王振生).Clinical observation of treating coronary heart disease combined with arrhythmia by modified Guipi Decoction (歸脾湯加味治療冠心病合并心律失常的療效觀察)[J].Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Medicine(四川中醫(yī)),2013,31(9):79-80.

    [49]LUO T (駱韜). Treatment of 48 cases with sick sinus syndrome by Dingji Fumai Decoction(定悸復(fù)脈湯治療病態(tài)竇房結(jié)綜合征48 例[J].Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine(陜西中醫(yī)),2002,23(12):108.

    [50]SHI WG(石偉綱),HU JB(胡潔濱), FU HB (付紅彪). Treatment of 57 cases with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI ) by Tianzhi Granule combined with western medicine (聯(lián)合西藥治療血管性認(rèn)知功能障礙57 例)[J].Traditional Chinese Medicinal Research(中醫(yī)研究),2013,26(6):39-41.

    [51]DIWU YC (第五永長),TIAN JZ (田金洲), SHI J (時(shí)晶). Effect of Xixin Decoction on O-GlcNAc glycosylation of tau proteins in rat brain with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease(洗心湯對散發(fā)性老年性癡呆大鼠腦內(nèi)tau 蛋白O-Glc-NAc 糖基化修飾的影響)[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine (中成藥),2013,35(8):1620-1625.

    [52]LIU SC(劉鎖超),ZHANG WX(張文學(xué)).Treatment of 82 cases with vascular dementia by Yizhi Decoction [J].Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (陜西中醫(yī)), 2002, 23(8):699-700.

    [53]LUO JY(羅建英),WANG XH(王向紅).Tianma Gouteng Decoction in Treating Primary Hypertension Clinical Observation of 108 Cases (天麻鉤藤飲治療原發(fā)性高血壓108 例臨床觀察) [J].Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of internal medicine (實(shí)用中醫(yī)內(nèi)科雜志), 2013,27(5):21-22.

    [54]XI ZL ( 郗增亮), YUAN JM (袁劍梅).Eight methods for treating hypertension by Cui Yuheng(崔玉衡治療高血壓八法) [J].Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology (中醫(yī)藥學(xué)報(bào)),1991(5):35-37.

    [55]KANG XM (康小明). Treatment of 66 aged patients with type 2 diabetes by modified Fushen Buxu Decoction and Danxing Guijian Decoction (茯神補(bǔ)虛湯合單行鬼箭湯加味治療老年2 型糖尿病66 例)[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (陜西中醫(yī)),2007,8(10):1336-1337.

    [56]SU YJ (蘇衍進(jìn)), ZHU HB (祝海濱).Clinical experience in treating 38 cases with diabetes by Fushen Decoction(茯神湯方治療糖尿病38 例臨床體會)[J].Journal of Shaanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine(陜西中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)),2006,29(3):21-22.

    [57]LIANG XM (梁曉明).Fushen Jueming Decoction capable of treating Cervicogenic cerebral ischemia(茯神決明飲可治療頸源性腦缺血)[J]. Seek Medical and Ask the Medicine (求醫(yī)問藥),2013,1:7.

    [58]XU GL (許國良). Summary of treating infantile enuresis with Fangfushen Decoction(防茯神湯治療小兒遺尿44 例小結(jié))[J]. Journal of Changchun College of Traditional Chinese Medicine(長春中醫(yī)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)),2000,16(3):37.

    [59]ZHANG X(張雪),LI HP(李和平),LI YF(李云芳).Preparation of A Health Jelly using Semen Ziziphi Spinosae and Poria Cocos(酸棗仁、茯神營養(yǎng)果凍的研制) [J]. Modern Food Science and Technology (現(xiàn)代科技食品),2011,27(6):651-654.

    [60]ZHOU LD (周禮達(dá)). Ancient prescription “fengfushen”in south Fujian(閩南古方“風(fēng)茯神”)[J].Strait Pharmaceutical Journal (海峽藥學(xué)), 1996, 8(1):101-102.

    [61]REN XY (任曉余). Examples of new clinical uses of Fushen Decoction(茯神湯臨床新用舉隅)[J]. Shaanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (陜西中醫(yī)),1992,13(6):272-274.

    [62]ZHAO ZJ (趙忠敬). Cinnabar-coated Poria with hostwood and Cinnabarcoated Medulla Junci (朱茯神和朱燈心)[J].Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine (上海中醫(yī)藥雜志),1963,12:39.

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