劉紅梅,楊 莉
(河北省唐山市工人醫(yī)院麻醉科,河北 唐山 063000)
子宮切除術前給予右美托咪定對患者應激和免疫功能的影響
劉紅梅,楊莉
(河北省唐山市工人醫(yī)院麻醉科,河北 唐山 063000)
目的:探討右美托咪定對子宮切除術患者應激及免疫功能的影響,旨在為臨床麻醉用藥提供依據(jù)。方法:選取子宮肌瘤且需行擇期子宮切除術患者60例,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ級,依據(jù)預輸注藥物不同分為觀察組和對照組,每組30例,觀察組患者麻醉前給予負荷劑量右美托咪定靜脈泵注,劑量1 μg·kg-1,濃度4 mg·L-1,泵注時間10 min,對照組患者給予等量生理鹽水泵注。2組均在泵注10 min后開始誘導,麻醉中2組患者均使用七氟醚和芬太尼維持;2組患者于入室前(T0)、手術2 h(T1)和術后拔管時(T2)采血,檢測血清皮質醇(COR)和白細胞介素2(IL-2)濃度,并檢測血漿T 淋巴細胞亞群和 NK 細胞水平。結果:2組患者T0時血清COR和IL-2濃度比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);2組患者T2時COR濃度明顯高于T0時(P<0.05);觀察組T2時COR濃度明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);隨手術時間延長2組患者血清IL-2濃度呈下降趨勢,觀察組T2時血清IL-2濃度明顯高于對照組(P<0.05);2組患者T0時CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/ CD8+和NK水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);2組患者各時間點CD8+水平比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);對照組患者T1和T2時CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/ CD8+及NK水平均明顯低于T0時(P<0.05);觀察組T2時CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/ CD8+和NK水平均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。結論:右美托咪定輔助麻醉可減輕患者術后應激反應,降低麻醉及手術創(chuàng)傷對機體細胞免疫功能的影響,利于患者術后康復。
子宮切除術;右美托咪定;皮質醇;白細胞介素2;T淋巴細胞亞群
子宮切除術是婦科常用的手術治療方案,療效明顯;但麻醉藥物的應用及手術創(chuàng)傷均可對機體神經(jīng)內分泌及免疫功能造成一定影響[1-3]。右美托咪定屬新型腎上腺素能α2受體激動劑,具有高選擇性,鎮(zhèn)靜作用良好,對心血管系統(tǒng)影響小,已被廣泛應用于臨床[4]。有研究[5]表明:右美托咪定具有抑制內毒素導致的炎癥反應作用。但右美托咪定對子宮切除術患者應激及免疫功能的影響報道相對較少。為觀察右美托咪定對子宮切除術患者應激及免疫功能的影響,本文作者選取本院收治的子宮肌瘤需行擇期子宮切除術患者,麻醉誘導前給予負荷劑量右美托咪定靜脈泵注,觀察其血清皮質醇(COR)、白細胞介素2(IL-2)濃度、血漿T 淋巴細胞亞群及NK 細胞水平變化,旨在為臨床麻醉用藥提供依據(jù)。
1.1研究對象選取2013年1月—2014年1月本院收治的子宮肌瘤需擇期行子宮切除術患者60例,年齡40~65歲,平均年齡(56.0±9.1)歲,體質量53~80 kg,平均體質量(59.5±10.2) kg,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ級。納入標準:①術前確診為良性子宮肌瘤的患者; ②ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ級;③患者術前近期未使用激素類藥物。排除標準:排除肝、腎功能異常、內分泌疾病、代謝性疾病、自身免疫性疾病及感染發(fā)熱患者。所有患者術前均獲得患者及家屬同意并簽署知情同意書,并經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準進行觀察。60例手術患者依據(jù)術前預輸注藥物不同分為觀察組與對照組,每組各30例,2組患者年齡、體質量分布比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2麻醉方法2組患者術前2 h禁食、4 h禁飲,入室后常規(guī)開放靜脈通路,并監(jiān)測心率、心電圖、無創(chuàng)舒張壓和收縮壓(SBP)。①麻醉誘導。觀察組患者麻醉前給予負荷劑量右美托咪定靜脈泵注,劑量1 μg·kg-1,濃度4 mg·L-1,泵注時間10 min,對照組患者給予等量生理鹽水泵注;2組均在泵注10 min后開始誘導;方法:藥物泵注10 min后給予2 mg·kg-1異丙酚、0.08 mg·kg-1萬可松、0.003 mg·kg-1芬太尼靜注;患者意識消失后,行經(jīng)口氣管插管、通氣,設定通氣頻率12~14 min-1,潮氣量6~8 mL·kg-1,吸呼比1∶2,氧流量2 L·min-1,呼氣末二氧化碳分壓(PETCO2)維持在35~45 mmHg。②麻醉維持。維持藥物使用0.5%~3.0%七氟醚,麻醉深度以生命體征平穩(wěn),心率、血壓波動于基礎值±20為宜,根據(jù)術中實際情況追加芬太尼;觀察組患者持續(xù)泵注右美托咪定,劑量0.5 μg·kg-1·h-1;為保證術中足夠的肌松,2組均按需給予維持劑量的萬可松,術中給予6%中分子輕乙基淀粉注射液及0.9%的生理鹽水以維持血循環(huán)量,手術結束前5 min關閉右美托咪定泵注及SEV,術后待患者自主呼吸恢復,患者可喚醒后,清理呼吸道即可拔出氣管導管,使用面罩吸氧。
1.3觀察指標2組患者于入室前(T0)、手術2 h(T1)、術后拔管時(T2)采集肘靜脈血,檢測血清COR、IL-2濃度,并使用FACSClibur 流式細胞儀(BD 公司, 美國) 檢測血T 淋巴細胞亞群和 NK 細胞水平。
2.12組患者不同時間點血清COR和IL-2濃度2組患者T0時血清COR和IL-2濃度比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),T2時COR濃度明顯高于T0時(P<0.05);觀察組患者T2時COR濃度明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);隨手術時間延長2組血清IL-2濃度呈下降趨勢,觀察組T2時患者血清IL-2濃度明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.22組患者不同時間點血清T淋巴細胞亞群和 NK 細胞水平2組患者T0時CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/ CD8+和NK水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);2組不同時間點CD8+水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);對照組患者T1和T2時CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/ CD8+及NK水平均明顯低于T0時(P<0.05);觀察組T2時CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/ CD8+和NK水平均明顯高于對照組(P<0.05)。見表2。
表1 不同時間點2組患者血清COR和IL-2濃度
*P<0.05 compared with T2;△P<0.05 compared with control group.
表2 不同時間點2組患者T細胞亞群和 NK 細胞水平
*P<0.05 compared with T0 ;△P<0.05 compared with control group.
子宮切除術是婦科臨床常用的治療術式,對子宮良、惡性疾病的治療均可獲得良好的療效[6]。隨著臨床研究的不斷深入,其臨床適應證也不斷擴大,但該術式存在操作時間長和對患者創(chuàng)傷大的缺點,加之麻醉藥物的使用,均可對患者應激反應及免疫功能產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響,這不僅影響了患者的術后康復,亦給患者帶來不同程度的身心痛苦[7]。因此,如何降低麻醉藥物對患者術后應激反應及免疫功能的影響,已成為臨床亟待解決的問題。
應激反應是機體受到創(chuàng)傷后發(fā)生的全身性非特異性反應,主要表現(xiàn)為丘腦-垂體-腎上腺皮質軸、交感-腎上腺髓質軸和藍斑-去甲腎上腺素能神經(jīng)元的強烈反應,其應激強度與創(chuàng)傷程度呈正相關關系,如機體發(fā)生強烈應激紊亂,則可導致嚴重繼發(fā)性損害[10]。因此,圍手術期有效調控機體應激反應,對患者預后意義重大。右美托咪定是近年來新研發(fā)的α2-腎上腺素受體激動劑,鎮(zhèn)靜作用明顯,還具有減輕機體應激反應的效果[8-9]。COR是應激反應中的抑制性反饋調節(jié)因子,具有唯一性,亦是反映機體應激反應程度的敏感指標,測定COR濃度可準確地反映麻醉手術對患者應激狀態(tài)的影響[11]。本研究中,觀察組患者T2時血清COR濃度明顯低于對照組,提示右美托咪定可有效降低子宮切除術患者應激反應,利于患者術后康復。有研究[11-14]表明:麻醉藥物的搭配與劑量對患者的免疫功能可產(chǎn)生不同影響,如何調配麻醉藥物已成為麻醉學術界研究的重要方向之一;另外,患者免疫功能的強弱對維護機體內環(huán)境平衡及術后康復意義重大。IL-2是活化的T淋巴細胞產(chǎn)生的調節(jié)因子,具有促進T細胞分析、增殖的作用,并可促進B細胞分泌抗體,促進機體防御感染[12,15]。同時,IL-2亦是維持T細胞及NK細胞正常功能的重要條件;因此,IL-2濃度檢測可準確反映機體免疫功能狀況[16]。本研究中,觀察組患者T2時IL-2濃度明顯高于對照組,提示右美托咪定作為麻醉輔助用藥在短時間的手術中對患者IL-2水平無明顯抑制作用。有研究[17-18]證實:T 淋巴細胞亞群在細胞免疫過程中起主要作用,其中CD3+可反映細胞免疫總體水平,CD4+具有輔助其他細胞參與免疫應答的作用,CD8+可抑制免疫細胞功能;而CD4+/CD8+可準確反映機體免疫狀態(tài),其比值降低,多提示機體免疫功能低下,預后不良;NK 細胞是免疫調節(jié)細胞,其活力高低亦可作為判斷疾病發(fā)展及轉歸的指標。本研究中,對照組患者T2時除CD8+外,其余各項指標均明顯下降,而觀察組患者各時間點下降幅度與T0時比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,表明右美托咪定可明顯減輕麻醉及手術對細胞免疫功能的影響,對患者術后康復起積極作用。
綜上所述,右美托咪定輔助麻醉可減輕子宮切除術患者術后應激反應,降低麻醉及手術刺激對機體細胞免疫功能的影響,利于患者術后康復。
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Influence of administration of dexmedetomidine before uterectomy in stress and immunologic function in patients
LIU Hongmei,YANG Li
(Department of Anesthesiology,Worker’s Hospital of Tanshan City,Hebei Province,Tangshan 063000,China)
ObjectiveTo explore the effect of dexmedetomidine on the stress and immunologic function in the patients undergoing uterectomy,and to provide an evidence for the medication in clinical anesthesia.MethodsA total of 60 hysteromyoma patients who needed uterectomy were selected. All the patients were in ASAⅠ-Ⅱlevel.The patients were divided into observation group (n=30) and control group (n=30) according to administration of different types of drugs.Before anesthesia,the patients in observation group were given dexmedetomidine (l μg·kg-1) with a concentration of 4 g·L-1for 10 min,while the patients in control group were given equal normal saline.The induction was performed 10 min after infusion pump.Sevoflurane and fentanyl were used for maintaining during the anesthesia.The blood samples of the patients in two groups before entering the operation room (T0),2 h after operation (T1),and extubation after operation (T2) were collected.The serum cortisol (COR) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) concentrations,plasma T lymphocyte subpopulations and NK levels were detected.ResultsThe differences of COR and IL-2 concentrations at T0 between two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The COR concentrations at T2 in two groups were significantly higher than those at T0 (P<0.05).The COR concentration at T2 in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05).The serum IL-2 concentration was gradually decreased with the prolongation of time observation in two groups.The serum IL-2 concentration in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05).The differences of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/ CD8+,and NK levels at T0 between two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The differences of CD8+level in each time point between two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05).The CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/ CD8+,and NK levels at T1 and T2 in control group were significantly lower than those at T0 (P<0.05).The CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/ CD8+,and NK levels at T2 in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).ConclusionDexmedetomidine assisting anesthesia can alleviate the postoperative stress reaction,and reduce the effect of anesthesia and operation wound on the cellular immune function.It is beneficial for the postoperative rehabilitation.
hysterectomy;dexmedetomidine; cortisol;interleukin-2; T lymphocyte subsets
1671-587Ⅹ(2015)06-1245-04
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20150628
2015-05-25
河北省科技廳科技發(fā)展項目資助課題(20091748)
劉紅梅(1972-),女,河北省唐山市人,副主任醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學碩士,主要從事臨床麻醉方面的研究。
R614.2
A
網(wǎng)絡出版時間:2015-07-09 13:24
網(wǎng)絡出版地址: http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/22.1342.R.20150709.1324.001.html