于秀艷,王文龍,吳雪峰,劉曉峰
(吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,吉林 長(zhǎng)春 130012)
非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者血清葉酸、同型半胱氨酸和維生素B12的檢測(cè)及其臨床意義
于秀艷,王文龍,吳雪峰,劉曉峰
(吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院檢驗(yàn)科,吉林 長(zhǎng)春 130012)
目的:檢測(cè)非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者血清中葉酸、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)和維生素B12水平,闡明葉酸、Hcy和維生素B12水平用于NSCLC診斷及預(yù)后評(píng)估的臨床意義。方法:選取35例NSCLC患者作為NSCLC組,另選30名健康體檢者作為對(duì)照組,排除高血壓、貧血和家族病史等相關(guān)影響因素,采用循環(huán)酶法和電化學(xué)發(fā)光法檢測(cè)2組受試者血清葉酸、Hcy及維生素B12水平。采用Pearson檢驗(yàn)分析2組受試者血清中葉酸、Hcy及維生素B12水平的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果:NSCLC組患者Hcy水平明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01);NSCLC組患者葉酸水平明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.01);而2組間維生素B12水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。Pearson相關(guān)分析,NSCLC組患者血清Hcy水平與葉酸水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.505,P=0.002),與維生素B12水平無關(guān)聯(lián)(r=-0.084,P=0.633),葉酸水平與維生素B12水平無關(guān)聯(lián)(r=-0.039,P=0.826)。結(jié)論:NSCLC患者血清Hcy水平顯著升高,其對(duì)NSCLC患者診斷及評(píng)估預(yù)后有預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。
非小細(xì)胞肺癌;葉酸;同型半胱氨酸;維生素B12
目前肺癌是世界范圍內(nèi)發(fā)病率和死亡率最高的惡性腫瘤[1],在肺癌的各種類型中,上皮細(xì)胞來源的非小細(xì)胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC) 占肺癌的80%以上[2]。早期診斷和治療對(duì)于提高肺癌、尤其是NSCLC患者生存率至關(guān)重要,血清同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy) 是人體內(nèi)的一種含硫非必需氨基酸,為蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸代謝過程中的重要中間產(chǎn)物,其代謝過程依賴于B族維生素12(vitamin B12)以及葉酸。國(guó)內(nèi)外有研究[3-6]表明:血漿Hcy水平升高可增加心腦血管疾病發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且Hcy水平升高與腎病代謝綜合征和神經(jīng)退行性疾病等密切相關(guān)。近年來國(guó)內(nèi)外研究[7]發(fā)現(xiàn):血清Hcy升高與腫瘤細(xì)胞的快速增殖密切相關(guān),與健康人比較,血清Hcy水平在肺癌患者中升高具有顯著性。葉酸及維生素B12在DNA甲基化過程具有傳遞一碳基團(tuán)和維持合成DNA所需的葉酸池的作用,其與細(xì)胞癌變的關(guān)系是臨床研究熱點(diǎn)之一[8],DNA甲基化從分子生物學(xué)角度揭示了細(xì)胞癌變的發(fā)生發(fā)展,對(duì)于癌癥的早期診斷、預(yù)后評(píng)估及其治療具有重大意義[9]。目前國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于NSCLC患者血清葉酸、Hcy和維生素B12的關(guān)聯(lián)性研究報(bào)道較少。本研究檢測(cè)NSCLC患者血清中葉酸、Hcy和維生素B12水平,旨在探討葉酸、Hcy及維生素B12水平作用于NSCLC診斷及預(yù)后評(píng)估的可能性。
1.1研究對(duì)象和分組情況選取吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院內(nèi)科2014年1月—2015年1月期間住院治療的35例NSCLC患者(NSCLC組),均經(jīng)影像學(xué)及病理學(xué)檢查確診。其中男性21例,女性14例,年齡20~75歲,中位年齡57歲,同時(shí)排除并發(fā)有影響Hcy代謝的因素與疾病。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):心血管系統(tǒng)病變(心臟彩超和超聲心動(dòng)圖等);原發(fā)或繼發(fā)高血壓[收縮壓≥140 mmHg和(或)舒張壓≥90 mmHg][10];惡性貧血;腎臟疾病;肝臟疾??;糖尿??;外源性補(bǔ)充葉酸和維生素B12;長(zhǎng)期口服避孕藥者;吸煙、飲酒者;甲狀腺功能低下者[11-12];患有其他惡性腫瘤者;未使用氨甲喋呤、苯妥英鈉、速尿等影響Hcy代謝的藥物。另選取本院體檢中心30名健康體檢者作為對(duì)照組,其中男性16例,女性14例,年齡29~65歲,中位年齡55.5歲。
1.2方法NSCLC患者在入院后第2天清晨空腹采集左臂肘靜脈血,注入含促凝膠的生化試管中,3 000 r·min-1離心5 min,取上清,血清Hcy水平測(cè)定應(yīng)用貝克曼DXC800C型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀,采用循環(huán)酶法檢測(cè),試劑由北京九強(qiáng)公司生物科技公司提供;血清葉酸和維生素B12水平測(cè)定應(yīng)用德國(guó)羅氏COBAS E601型全自動(dòng)免疫分析儀,采用電化學(xué)發(fā)光法檢測(cè),試劑由羅氏試劑公司提供。各項(xiàng)操作嚴(yán)格按照說明書進(jìn)行,所有室內(nèi)質(zhì)控均在控,于采集后4 h內(nèi)檢測(cè)完畢,對(duì)照組體檢時(shí)采取空腹靜脈血立即按上述方法分離并檢測(cè)。測(cè)試項(xiàng)目的參考值:Hcy 10~22 μmol·L-1,葉酸10.4~42.4 nmol·L-1,維生素B12156~698 pmol·L-1。
2.12組受試者血清葉酸、Hcy和維生素 B12水平NSCLC組患者Hcy水平明顯高于對(duì)照組(t=14.629,P=0.000);NSCLC組患者血清葉酸明顯低于對(duì)照組(t=-6.194,P=0.000);而2組受試者血清維生素 B12水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-1.640,P=0.106)。見表1。
2.22組受試者血清葉酸、Hcy和維生素B12水平相關(guān)性分析35例NSCLC患者血清葉酸、Hcy及維生素B12水平行Pearson相關(guān)分析結(jié)果顯示:血清Hcy水平與葉酸水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.505,P=0.002),與維生素B12無關(guān)聯(lián)(r=-0.084,P=0.633),血清葉酸水平與維生素B12水平無關(guān)聯(lián)(r=-0.039,P=0.826)。對(duì)照組血清Hcy水平與葉酸水平呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=-0.781,P=0.000),與維生素B12水平無關(guān)聯(lián)(r=-0.293,P=0.116);血清葉酸水平與維生素B12水平無關(guān)聯(lián)(r=-0.205,P=0.277)。見表2。
表1 NSCLC組與對(duì)照組受試者血清Hcy、葉酸及維生素B12水平
*P<0.01 compared with control group.
表2NSCLC組和對(duì)照組受試者血清Hcy、葉酸和維生素 B12水平的相關(guān)性
肺癌發(fā)病率和死亡率居癌癥首位,但肺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展分子機(jī)制研究仍未完全闡明[13],人體內(nèi)Hcy為甲硫氨酸代謝的中間產(chǎn)物,甲硫氨酸發(fā)生脫甲基等一系列反應(yīng)后產(chǎn)生Hcy,而Hcy又以維生素B12為輔因子,以N5-甲基四氫葉酸為甲基供體,并在甲硫氨酸合成酶的催化下再次合成為甲硫氨酸,當(dāng)維生素B12和葉酸水平較低時(shí)會(huì)造成Hcy不能再次合成甲硫氨酸,大量Hcy在血液循環(huán)中蓄積,引起神經(jīng)細(xì)胞毒性,細(xì)胞增殖異常出現(xiàn)癌性病變。近年來的研究[14-15]顯示:Hcy與多種惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),在葉酸水平較低、Hcy水平較高的女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加,晚期轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者Hcy水平顯著增高。在結(jié)直腸癌、卵巢癌、急性淋巴細(xì)胞白血病、惡性淋巴瘤和頭頸部腫瘤患者血漿中Hcy水平升高,這種升高可能是由于葉酸等相關(guān)維生素缺乏或Hcy代謝中相關(guān)酶的缺陷引起的。
本研究結(jié)果顯示:NSCLC患者血清Hcy水平顯著高于健康體檢者,葉酸水平顯著低于健康體檢者,與黃慧[16]和于平等[17]的研究結(jié)果一致。本研究中35例NSCLC患者血清Hcy水平顯著升高,葉酸水平顯著下降,提示Hcy、葉酸與NSCLC有密切聯(lián)系,可能的原因:葉酸缺乏,可影響DNA的甲基化整合及損傷修復(fù),原癌基因和抑癌基因之間的平衡被打破,激活原癌基因?qū)е履[瘤發(fā)生;腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖過快,葉酸相對(duì)缺乏,蛋氨酸循環(huán)速度降低導(dǎo)致Hcy水平升高;Hcy可改變患者的凝血、抗凝血和纖溶系統(tǒng)的功能狀態(tài),進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)和浸潤(rùn);甲基四氫葉酸還原酶基因多態(tài)性也會(huì)導(dǎo)致葉酸循環(huán)障礙或代謝相關(guān)酶的缺乏而致Hcy水平升高。國(guó)外文獻(xiàn)[18]報(bào)道:飲食缺少葉酸或者葉酸代謝相關(guān)基因異常可能會(huì)增加患肺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),提高血清葉酸水平可以對(duì)肺癌有一定的預(yù)防作用。本研究中,NSCLC組和對(duì)照組受試者血清患者維生素B12水平比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,表明維生素B12與NSCLC的發(fā)生無明顯關(guān)聯(lián),這個(gè)結(jié)果可能與樣本量少有關(guān),還需進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。也有相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[19-22]報(bào)道:多種常見腫瘤血漿Hcy水平明顯升高而葉酸和維生素B12水平的變化呈多樣性。
綜上所述,NSCLC 患者血清Hcy水平顯著升高,Hcy與NSCLC 有著密切的聯(lián)系,其與傳統(tǒng)指標(biāo)聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可提高NSCLC診斷的敏感度和特異度,對(duì)NSCLC的診斷及改善預(yù)后具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。NSCLC發(fā)病與多種潛在因素相關(guān),Hcy和葉酸只是影響NSCLC病情進(jìn)展的部分原因,Hcy 的升高是NSCLC 的發(fā)病原因還是其表現(xiàn)有待進(jìn)一步研究探討。
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Detection of serum folate, homocysteine and vitamin B12in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical significance
YU Xiuyan,WANG Wenlong,WU Xuefeng,LIU Xiaofeng
(Department of Laboratory,Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012,China)
Objective To detect the serum levels of folate, homocysteine (Hcy) and vitamin B12in the patients with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), and to clarify the clinical significance of folate,Hcy and vitamin B12in the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of NSCLC. Methods 35 patients with NSCLC were chosen as NSCLC group,and 30 healthy people were selected as control group, excluding hypertension, anemia, family disease history and other related factors. The expression levels of serum folate,Hcy and vitamin B12were examined by circulating enzymatic method and electrochemical luminescence method.The correlations between the levels of serum folate,Hcy and vitamin B12of the objects in two groups were analyzed by Pearson test.ResultsThe serum Hcy level of the patients in NSCLC group was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01).The serum folate level of the patients in NSCLC group was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in vitamin B12levels between two groups(P>0.05).The serum Hcy level was negatively correlated with folate level(r=-0.505,P=0.002), but was not correlated with vitamin B12(r=-0.084,P=0.633). The serum folate level was not correlated with vitamin B12(r=-0.039,P=0.826).Conclusion The serum Hcy level of NSCLC patient is significantly increased and it has diagnostic and prognostic values in the NSCLC patients.
non-small cell lung cancer;folate; homocysteine; vitamin B12
1671-587Ⅹ(2015)06-1235-04
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20150626
2015-08-19
國(guó)家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目資助課題(2011AA02A111)
于秀艷(1968-),女,吉林省長(zhǎng)春市人,主任技師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士,主要從事臨床分子免疫學(xué)方面的研究。
劉曉峰,副主任醫(yī)師(Tel: 0431-85871048,E-mail:liuyang7406@sohu.com)
R446
A
吉林大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2015年6期