趙民學(xué),李柏文,王德盛,曹 宏
(1.吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院普外科,吉林 吉林132013;2.第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京醫(yī)院肝膽外科,陜西 西安710032;3.吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院普外3科,吉林 長春130033)
miR-122在骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞治療大鼠急性肝損傷中的作用
趙民學(xué)1,李柏文1,王德盛2,曹宏3
(1.吉林醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院普外科,吉林 吉林132013;2.第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)西京醫(yī)院肝膽外科,陜西 西安710032;3.吉林大學(xué)中日聯(lián)誼醫(yī)院普外3科,吉林 長春130033)
目的:探討miR-122在骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(BMSCs)治療大鼠急性肝損傷中的作用,闡明相關(guān)作用機制。方法:密度梯度離心法分離收集雄性大鼠的BMSCs,分為轉(zhuǎn)染組和對照組,其中轉(zhuǎn)染組BMSCs采用脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122 mimics,對照組BMSCs未接受轉(zhuǎn)染。將60只四氯化碳(CCl4) 誘導(dǎo)的急性肝損傷大鼠隨機分為肝損傷對照組(靜脈注射生理鹽水)、普通治療組(靜脈移植普通BMSCs)和實驗治療組(靜脈移植轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122的BMSCs)(n=20)。移植細(xì)胞后1、7和14 d檢測大鼠肝功能,肝組織行HE染色觀察其病理學(xué)改變。結(jié)果:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122 mimics后 7 d,BMSCs中白蛋白(ALB)表達(dá)水平明顯上調(diào),而甲胎蛋白(AFP)的表達(dá)水平則明顯下調(diào)。移植細(xì)胞后1 d,與普通治療組比較,實驗治療組血清丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(AST)活性差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);移植細(xì)胞后7和14 d時,實驗治療組大鼠血清ALT和AST活性均低于普通治療組(P<0.05);HE染色,實驗治療組大鼠肝臟充血、細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)空泡變性及肝細(xì)胞壞死情況明顯好于普通治療組。結(jié)論:上調(diào)BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)水平能夠促進(jìn)其分化為肝樣細(xì)胞,并可明顯改善CCl4所致大鼠肝臟損傷。
骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞;miR-122;細(xì)胞移植;肝損傷
目前,對于長期肝損傷引起的肝纖維化及各種終末期肝病尚無十分便捷有效的治療手段[1]。肝移植效果確切,但是存在諸如器官來源短缺、費用昂貴、需長期服用抗排斥藥物等不足[2]。干細(xì)胞再生醫(yī)學(xué)研究[3]顯示:具有多向分化潛能的間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞在肝損傷修復(fù)中發(fā)揮重要作用。miR-122為成熟肝細(xì)胞特異性高表達(dá)的小RNA。研究[4]顯示:miR-122在肝細(xì)胞生長、成熟、分化以及肝細(xì)胞表型的維持等多個生物學(xué)過程中起重要的調(diào)控作用。本研究通過分離收集骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(bone marrow derived stem cells, BMSCs),轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122 mimics,上調(diào)BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)水平,觀察miR-122在BMSCs治療大鼠急性肝損傷中的作用,為終末期肝病的治療提供新策略。
1.1實驗動物、主要試劑和儀器健康雄性SD大鼠,體質(zhì)量(250±20)g,購于上海國家嚙齒類實驗動物種子中心,動物合格證號:醫(yī)動字第 19-020號。四氯化碳(CCl4)購于國藥集團化學(xué)試劑有限公司;miR-122 mimics購自上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司,miR-122 mimics序列:上游引物,5′-UGGAGUGUGACAAUGGUGUUUG-3′, 下游引物,5′-AACACCAUUGUCACACUCCAUU-3′;L-DMEM培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清購于美國Gibco公司;TaqMan MicroRNA Assay、Isolation Kit和mirVanaTMmiRNA Isolation Kit購自美國Ambion公司;miR-122及U6引物序列購于上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司。微量高速離心機(德國Eppendorf公司),COBAS INTEGRA 400 Plus全自動生化分析儀(瑞士Roche公司),ABI PRISM 7900 實時熒光定量PCR儀(美國ABI公司)。
1.2大鼠BMSCs的分離和培養(yǎng)所有SD大鼠均在室溫、相對濕度65%~75%條件下飼養(yǎng),自由進(jìn)食水,喂養(yǎng)7 d后用于實驗。于無菌條件下抽取實驗大鼠股骨中骨髓1 mL,立即置于裝有肝素的離心管中,2 000 r·min-1(離心半徑為11.3 cm)離心10 min后棄上清。3 mL L-DMEM培養(yǎng)液重懸后緩慢加入6 mL大鼠淋巴細(xì)胞分離液,2 000 r·min-1離心25 min。吸取第2層懸液(含單個核細(xì)胞),所得細(xì)胞洗滌2次。用加有10%胎牛血清、100 U·mL-1青霉素、100 U·mL-1鏈霉素的L-DMEM重懸,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為1×107mL-1。
1.3細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染將大鼠BMSCs接種于6孔板中,培養(yǎng)24 h待細(xì)胞融合度約達(dá)60%后,進(jìn)行BMSCs轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122 mimics實驗,轉(zhuǎn)染按脂質(zhì)體Lipofectamine 2000說明書操作。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后采用實時熒光定量PCR(RT-PCR)檢測細(xì)胞miR-122表達(dá)水平。
1.4RT-PCR轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后進(jìn)行細(xì)胞總RNA和miRNA的提取。構(gòu)建10 μL逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)體系: 1×mirVanaRT Primer 1 μL,mirVana5×RT Buffer 2 μL,Arrayseript Enzme Mix 0.4 μL,25 ng RNA,加無RNA酶水至總體積10 μL。構(gòu)建20 μL擴增體系:TaqMan MicroRNA Assay(20×) 1 μL,RT reaction產(chǎn)物 1.33 μL,TaqMan 2×Universal PCR Master Mix 10 μL,加無RNA酶水至總體積20 μL。反應(yīng)條件:95℃、10 min,95℃、15 s,60℃、30 s,70℃、30 s, 共40個PCR循環(huán)。結(jié)果采用2-ΔΔCT法進(jìn)行分析(CT值定義為每個反應(yīng)管內(nèi)的熒光信號到達(dá)設(shè)定閾值時所經(jīng)歷的循環(huán)數(shù))。
1.5急性肝損傷模型構(gòu)建和移植細(xì)胞植入采用0.1%CCl4蓖麻油,5 mL·kg-1腹腔內(nèi)注射法制備急性肝損傷大鼠模型,每24 h重復(fù)1次。80只SD大鼠隨機分為正常組、肝損傷對照組、普通治療組和實驗治療組,每組20只。正常組:用于與各實驗組肝功能等對照比較;肝損傷對照組:誘導(dǎo)造模48 h后,腹腔注射生理鹽水;普通治療組:誘導(dǎo)造模48 h后,尾靜脈注射植入普通BMSCs, 每只1×106個細(xì)胞,0.2 mL;實驗治療組:誘導(dǎo)造模48 h后,尾靜脈注射植入轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122的BMSCs,每只1×106個細(xì)胞,0.2 mL。
1.6肝功能檢測取每個實驗組各時間點大鼠血清約1 mL,經(jīng)全自動生化分析儀檢測血清中丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(alanine aminotransferase, ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(aspartate aminotransferase, AST)活性。
2.1大鼠BMSCs鑒定分離、培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞呈貼壁生長,細(xì)胞呈梭形,核仁明顯,核漿比例大;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測結(jié)果:BMSCs標(biāo)志物CD29和CD90為陽性表達(dá),CD34 和CD45表達(dá)陰性,符合BMSCs細(xì)胞表型特點[5]。
2.2轉(zhuǎn)染后BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)情況RT-PCR檢測結(jié)果:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122 mimics前,BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)水平較低,為0.17 ±0.04;轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122 mimics后,BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)值為1.24 ±0.59。轉(zhuǎn)染后較轉(zhuǎn)染前顯著升高(P<0.05)。
2.3轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122后BMSCs中肝細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物表達(dá)情況轉(zhuǎn)染前BMSCs中AFP和ALB相對表達(dá)值分別為1.15 ±0.29和0.22 ±0.04;轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122后BMSCs中AFP相對表達(dá)值為0.59 ±0.19,較轉(zhuǎn)染前明顯下調(diào)(P<0.05);轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122后BMSCs中ALB相對表達(dá)值為0.51 ±0.22,較轉(zhuǎn)染前明顯上調(diào)(P<0.05)。
2.4大鼠急性肝損傷動物模型構(gòu)建實驗大鼠在腹腔注射0.1%CCl4蓖麻油后出現(xiàn)食欲和體質(zhì)量下降,皮毛雜亂無光澤。造模后,肉眼觀察可見肝臟充血腫脹,顏色呈暗紅色,血清ALT和AST活性較造模前明顯升高(P<0.01),顯示大鼠急性肝損傷動物模型建立成功。
2.5各組大鼠ALT和AST活性CCl4損傷后大鼠血清ALT和AST活性明顯升高。普通治療組和實驗治療組干預(yù)后7和14 d大鼠血清ALT和AST活性均明顯降低,實驗治療組大鼠血清ALT和AST活性均低于普通治療組 (P<0.05)。見表1。
表1 各組大鼠不同時間肝功能檢測結(jié)果
*P<0.05 compared with normal treatment group.
2.6各組大鼠肝組織病理學(xué)改變CCl4損傷后光鏡下可見大鼠肝臟出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的肝血竇充血,肝細(xì)胞索排列紊亂,細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)空泡形成,大片實質(zhì)性肝細(xì)胞壞死。與普通治療組,實驗治療組大鼠肝臟充血、細(xì)胞質(zhì)內(nèi)空泡變性以及肝細(xì)胞壞死情況明顯減輕。見圖1(插頁三)。
BMSCs是一類存在于骨髓中的具有高度自我更新和多向分化能力的干細(xì)胞群體。在適合的條件刺激下,BMSCs能夠分化為脂肪細(xì)胞、軟骨細(xì)胞、骨骼肌細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞、心肌細(xì)胞和肝細(xì)胞等成體細(xì)胞[6-7]。目前,隨著對BMSCs研究的不斷深入,BMSCs在組織工程和細(xì)胞移植等醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出廣闊的應(yīng)用前景[8]。
在我國,由于終末期肝病導(dǎo)致肝臟功能衰竭而死亡的患者人數(shù)居高不下。目前肝移植是挽救終末期肝病患者生命唯一有效的治療手段。但是供肝缺乏、治療費用昂貴,以及長期服用抗排斥藥物等嚴(yán)重限制了肝移植的廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,尋找一種安全、高效、經(jīng)濟的治療終末期肝病的治療措施是目前醫(yī)務(wù)工作者努力的方向。因BMSCs具有干細(xì)胞特性,目前臨床上已經(jīng)通過移植BMSCs治療心肌梗死、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷以及嚴(yán)重肝病,并取得一定的臨床療效[9-10]。但是,BMSCs移植入體內(nèi)后,尚無法高效地分化成肝細(xì)胞并定植于肝臟,且其具體的分化、遷移和定植的相關(guān)機制目前也尚不明確。
miR-122是成熟肝細(xì)胞中特異性高表達(dá)的一種miRNA。研究[11-12]顯示:miR-122在調(diào)控肝細(xì)胞發(fā)育分化、調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞代謝和參與肝細(xì)胞應(yīng)急應(yīng)答等生物學(xué)過程中發(fā)揮重要作用。最新研究[13]表明:在肝臟干細(xì)胞以及肝癌細(xì)胞等分化不成熟的細(xì)胞中,miR-122表達(dá)呈明顯低水平表達(dá);誘導(dǎo)這些細(xì)胞分化成熟后,miR-122表達(dá)則顯著升高。因此,miR-122在正常干細(xì)胞向成熟肝細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化過程中起著重要的調(diào)控作用[14-15]。本研究RT-PCR結(jié)果顯示:從大鼠骨髓分選出的BMSCs中miR-122呈顯著低水平表達(dá)。通過人工合成miR-122 mimics并成功轉(zhuǎn)染BMSCs后能導(dǎo)致BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)顯著升高。進(jìn)一步檢測顯示:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122后BMSCs中ALB表達(dá)水平明顯上調(diào),而AFP表達(dá)水平則顯著下調(diào)。上述結(jié)果提示通過上調(diào)BMSCs中miR-122的表達(dá)可以促進(jìn)BMSCs向成熟肝細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化。
本研究采用CCl4誘導(dǎo)建立急性肝損傷大鼠模型,通過分離大鼠BMSCs并上調(diào)其miR-122的表達(dá)水平,評估移植后大鼠肝功能改善情況。本研究結(jié)果顯示:同移植普通BMSCs比較,移植轉(zhuǎn)染miR-122的BMSCs后大鼠肝功能改善情況更好,且肝臟組織病理切片也同肝功能檢測結(jié)果一致。本文作者認(rèn)為:可能是由于上調(diào)BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)能夠促進(jìn)其向成熟干細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化,因而移植入急性肝損傷大鼠體內(nèi)能夠更快地發(fā)揮肝細(xì)胞的功能效應(yīng)。但是,其具體的調(diào)控機制尚待進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,上調(diào)BMSCs中miR-122表達(dá)水平能夠有效提高其對急性肝損傷的治療作用。通過進(jìn)一步探討miR-122在BMSCs治療急性肝損傷中的分子機制,可為急性肝損傷的治療提供新思路。
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Role of miR-122 in bone marrow derived stem cell therapy for acute liver injury in rats
ZHAO Minxue1, LI Bowen1, WANG Desheng2, CAO Hong3
(1.Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital, Jilin Medical College, Jilin 132013, China; 2.Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; 3. Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China)
ObjectiveTo investigatet the effects of miR-122 in the therapy of bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) for acute liver injury in the rats, and to clarify the mechanism. MethodsThe BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of male rats by density gradient centrifugation. The BMSCs were divided into transfection group and control group. The BMSCs in transfection group were transfected with miR-122 mimics by liposome, while the BMSCs in control group were not. 60 SD rats with acute liver injury induced by 10%CCl4were randomly divided into control group (the saline was injected through mainline), normal treatment group (the normal BMSCs were injected through mainline) and experimental therapy group (the BMSCs transfected with miR-122 mimics by liposome were injected through mainline) (n=20).The liver function and tissue pathology were examined at 1 d, 7 d and 14 d after transplantation. Results The expression level of ALB in BMSCs was up-regulated, while the AFP expression level was down-regulated after the transfection of miR-122 mimics. At 1 d after transfection of BMSCs, the serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activities had no significant difference between normal treatment group and experimental therapy group. At 7 d and 14 d after transfection of BMSCs, the serum ALT and AST activities in experimental therapy group were obviously lower than those in normal treatment group (P<0.05). The liver congestion,cytoplasm degeneration and liver cell necrosis in experimental therapy group were improved compared with normal treatment group. ConclusionThe up-regulation of miR-122 expression in BMSCs would promote its differentiation into hepatocyte like cells, which plays a role in promoting the recovery of liver injury.
bone marrow derived stem cells; miR-122; cell transplantation; liver injury
1671-587Ⅹ(2015)06-1150-04
10.13481/j.1671-587x.20150610
2015-08-18
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助課題(30872480)
趙民學(xué)(1981-),男,吉林省吉林市人,主治醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士,主要從事普通外科疾病基礎(chǔ)及臨床治療方面的研究。
王德盛,主任醫(yī)師,博士研究生導(dǎo)師(Tel:029-84775259,E-mail:wangdesh@163.com);
曹宏,主任醫(yī)師,碩士研究生導(dǎo)師(Tel:0431-84997753,E-mail:caohong1967@163.com)
R657.3
A