• <tr id="yyy80"></tr>
  • <sup id="yyy80"></sup>
  • <tfoot id="yyy80"><noscript id="yyy80"></noscript></tfoot>
  • 99热精品在线国产_美女午夜性视频免费_国产精品国产高清国产av_av欧美777_自拍偷自拍亚洲精品老妇_亚洲熟女精品中文字幕_www日本黄色视频网_国产精品野战在线观看 ?

    Three-Dimensional Finite Element Numerical Simulation and Physical Experiment for Magnetism-Stress Detecting in Oil Casing

    2015-06-01 09:24:20MENGFanshunZHANGJieYANGChaoqunYUWeizheandCHENYuxi
    Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年4期

    MENG Fanshun, ZHANG Jie YANG Chaoqun, YU Weizhe and CHEN Yuxi

    1)College of Marine Geo-science,Ocean University of China,Qingdao266100,P.R. China

    2)Shenzhen Branch Company of China National Offshore Oil Corporation,Shenzhen518067,P.R. China

    Three-Dimensional Finite Element Numerical Simulation and Physical Experiment for Magnetism-Stress Detecting in Oil Casing

    MENG Fanshun1),*, ZHANG Jie1), YANG Chaoqun2), YU Weizhe1), and CHEN Yuxi1)

    1)College of Marine Geo-science,Ocean University of China,Qingdao266100,P.R. China

    2)Shenzhen Branch Company of China National Offshore Oil Corporation,Shenzhen518067,P.R. China

    The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China’s offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What’s more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress’s variation and magnetic induction intensity’s variation is: Δδ=K*ΔB,K= 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.

    oil casing damage; magnetism-stress detecting; magnetic anisotropy; finite element analysis; physical experiment; relative magnetic permeability; ANSYS; three-dimensional numerical simulation

    1 Introduction

    Casing damage has caused huge economic losses in offshore oilfield production, becoming the urgent problems in oil and gas exploration. Currently, domestic and foreign researchers focus on detecting the tube geometry factors, develop and improve logging equipment and logging techniques, and detection of casing damage under various conditions (Yanget al., 2013). However, these methods only work when the deformation occurs. None of these methods measure the casing damage from the view of stress mechanism, so the results are not very satisfactory. With the rapid development of China offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because of the cost of offshore oil well is very high, if the casing damage occurs, it will cause huge economic losses. What’s more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective method of detecting casing damage is required badly to reduce the offshore oil well casing damage rate. Casingdamage occurs mainly because of the accumulation of stress; if the stress changes in the casing can be directly measured, hidden dangers can be found. So managerial staff can take actions timely to prevent casing damage from occurring, solving the casing damage problems fundamentally.

    There are many methods of stress detecting. The magnetic method is one of them which includes a metal magnetic memory testing method and the magnetic anisotropy detection method. These two methods are based on the counter magnetostriction effect of ferromagnetic materials (Jianget al., 2006).This effect refers to the phenomenon that the relative magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic material will change when subjected to external force, thus affecting the magnetic field (Wanget al., 2005; Laguerreet al., 2002). Ferromagnetic material stress variation can be obtained by analysising the changes in the magnetic field. Oil casing wall material is ferromagnetic materials, so the above-described method is applicable.

    Currently, few studies on this method are reported at home and abroad. Liu at China University of Geosciences studied the metal magnetic memory testing method in his PhD thesis, and developed the corresponding detection device based on this principle to detect the casing stress(Liu, 2006). Its disadvantage is that different geographical locations will impact magnetic memory phenomenon, making the measurement results appear randomly. This method is not ideal. However, magnetic anisotropy detection method does not have this disadvantage, and represents the development direction of the magnetic stress measurement techniques. Wanget al.(2007, 2012) did some exploring work from engineering practice, creating a MST-II well casing stress testing instruments based on this method. But its core components, the stress sensor, rely on foreign devices and technology. The relevant paper did not make it clear that the stress sensor output signal is which kind of magnetic signals, just generally giving a qualitative relationship between the signal and stress. The method was preliminarily used in oil production, and played a role in the prevention of the occurrence of casing damage. However, it did not help much to understand the deeper relationship between stress and magnetic signals; it just proved that it is meaningful to study such a relationship. There are a lot of work to do about mechanism of the stress magnetic measurements technology.

    Advance in magnetic anisotropy stress detection method is relatively slow, scholars can not make a perfect explanation of the nature of the ferromagnetic material. Not many scholars at home and abroad study the problem.

    Pulnikovet al.(2003, 2004)used magnetic flux and the change of relative magnetic permeability to characterize the change of stress and its distribution by physical experiment. Sakaiet al. (2004) developed a measurement system with stress sensor to measure the pipe stress under bending. Their paper briefly introduced the technique tha the stress sensors were placed on the outer surface of the

    t pipe, getting the change of the stress by analyzing the voltage changes, and it was proved effective by physical experiments. Mohammedet al.(2004) found the magnetic induction intensity increases with the increase of stress by measuring solid object. ?ureket al.(2005) used the changes in the magnetic field strength to characterize changes in stress and its distribution. Baudendistelet al.(2007) developed a stress sensor which can analyze changes in the electrical impedance of the sensor inside to perceive pressure changes when it is close to the measured object. Ekreemet al.(2007) pointed out that the changes of relative magnetic permeability will lead to the change of the magnetic flux. It can get the changes of the stress by receiving the changes of magnetic flux in the coil. Bechtoldet al.(2010) placed the object to be measured at the middle of the excitation coil and receiving coil, analyzing the measured object deformation by receiving the magnetic signals in the receiving coil.

    In a word, the research results of the magnetic anisotropy analysis at home and abroad at present just show the qualitative relation between the magnetic signals and stress or the quantitative relation between the magnetic signals and stress on the basis of the physical experiment. Such results indicate that the magnetic anisotropy detection method based on counter magnetostriction effect is feasible (Evangelos and Aphrodite, 2007; Olabi and Grunwald, 2007; Raffertyet al., 2009; Auslenderet al., 2013). There are few papers that elaborate how relative magnetic permeability works which connects the stress and magnetic signal. If the intermediate process is not clear, the relationship between stress and magnetic signal is also at the fuzzy qualitative understanding stage. So we must understand the process if we want to apply this technology to the detection of stress of oil casing accurately. There are two aspects we must make clear. One is that we must figure out how the stress influence the relative magnetic permeability, for which there are theoretical derivation and experimental verification can be consulted. The other is that we must figure out how the changes of the casing wall’s relative magnetic permeability affect the magnetic signal. For petroleum casing pipe model, how the relative magnetic permeability of the casing wall affect the magnetic signal is equivalent to how an irregular ferromagnetic material with relative magnetic permeability not evenly distributed affect the magnetic field around. Because there exists no analytical solution to solve this problem, we use the finite element method to describe the distribution of magnetic field inside the casing pipe wall effectively if its relative magnetic permeability is not uniformly distributed. Finally physical experiment is to be done to verify the correct understanding of the intermediate process. In the present work, such a process is revealed by numerical simulation, in which the approach of FEM is for the first time applied to the problem and tested with physical experiment.

    2 The Relationship Between Stress and Permeability

    Permeability is one of important basic features of magnetic materials, it is changing with crystal structure in the material (Tian, 2001). The forces can change the crystal structure, so the stress results in the change of relative magnetic permeability of magnetic materials.

    On the one hand,the specific relationship between stress and permeability can be analyzed based on power conversation law. Wanget al.(2005) gave a model about the relationship between stress and the change of relative magnetic permeability of magnetic materials. He concluded that the relative change in stress and permeability is proportional, which has been generally recognized by academic. On the other hand, the relationship between them can be obtained by physical experiments. Karlet al.(2000) described a pressure sensor and found that the relative magnetic permeability decreases as the stress increases in physical experiments. The experiments of Pulnikovet al.(2004) showed that the relative magnetic permeability increases with the increase of the tensile stress. Sakaiet al.(2004) also pointed out the increase of relative magnetic permeability under tensile stress. Sun (2011) did experiments using steel for his PhD thesis and found that the relative magnetic permeability gradually reduces under pressure and increases under tensile stress. Xu (2011) obtained the specific linear relationship between the tensile stress and the relative magnetic perme-ability by using advanced experiment technique for steel with the result:

    herek1= 4.596×106,m1= - 6.356×109, stress unit being Pa. This relationship further provides evidence that the stressinduced permeability change is an objective reality, and proves the correctness of theoretical deduction of Wanget al. (2005). Stress and relative magnetic permeability are inherent characteristics of material. For the same type of ferromagnetic material, the value ofk1should be consistent and worth being considered. The value of m1relates to residual stress and experimental environment and has no worth to be considered. Therefore, the relationship between the change of stress and the change of relative magnetic permeability can be got from (1):

    The object of the experiment is steel, which is just the steel of oil casing. So (2) will be referred to in the research of oil casing model.

    3 Experimental Method

    In most cases,the casing is subject to deformation, offset and fracture under the external pressure extrusion, so the focal point of the numerical experiment is the magnetic signal changes of casing wall under compressive stress. The oil casing is made from stainless steel with inner diameter 0.263 m, outer diameter 0.272 m and length 0.6 m. The same size is used in the numerical experiment.

    3.1 Numerical Experiment

    The variation range of relative magnetic permeability of oil casing wall is approximately from 600 to 1000, so we simulated the transformation situation of magnetic induction intensity around the casing wall in the variation range. The analytical method cannot reveal the effect of change of relative permeability on electromagnetic field in casing and this can only be solved by numerical solution. The finite element method can efficiently solve the distribution of electromagnetic field in casing when the relative magnetic permeability of casing wall is not evenly distributed.

    In reality, we should consider the manufacture of measuring instrument. In the process of oil casing stress magnetic survey, we designed four probes to get the magnetic signal distribution of casing wall as shown in the cross section of Fig.1. It is faster to get the distribution of magnetic signals around the casing with many rotating probes than with one probe at some water depth. But if too many probes are used, the measuring results are not accurate because they are affected by each other. In addition, the cost is higher. The design of four probes is best, for it reduces the time of measurement because of the absence of interference between probes during work. In order to evaluate the measurement results, the four probes have the same small distance from the inner surface of oil casing. The relative results based on one of the probe’s measurements are evaluated to know where is the abnormality of the relative magnetic permeability.

    Fig.1 Cross section of four probe measurement.

    To recognize the nature of the problem and avoid the influence of many factors, we simulated the situation when the whole casing wall relative magnetic permeability is changed and what changes of the magnetic induction intensity in the probe. The conclusion is that with the decrease of the casing wall relative magnetic permeability, magnetic induction intensity increases. But changing the whole casing wall relative magnetic permeability is not consistent with the actual situation. In fact, not the whole casing tube wall relative magnetic permeability are changed when oil casing wall are under external force somewhere. The relative magnetic permeability changes where there is the force. Then we simulated the situation that the probe A is facing the casing wall under compressive stress. We want to find out the changing process of magnetic induction intensity at that point where the compressive stress increases gradually and the relative magnetic permeability in gradually reduced. The geometric model is shown in Fig.2. The blue part represents the air; the purple part represents the part of casing wall, where permeability is fixed; the red part represents the part which the probe is facing. Changing the size of the relative magnetic permeability of the red part and getting the value of the magnetic induction intensity form probe A. The mesh generation is shown in Fig.3. The grid of region of interest was deliberately arranged to be relatively close to make the results more accurate. Boundary conditions and load are applied for modeling after meshing.

    Fig.2 Geometric model with abnormality in relative magnetic permeability.

    Fig.3 Meshing of model with abnormality in relative magnetic permeability.

    Fig.4 is the simulated result. The magnetic induction intensity and relative magnetic permeability have an inverse linear relationship. This is consistent with the situation that by changing the whole relative magnetic permeability of all casing wall, fitting equation is as follows:

    Herek2= - 0.000547,m2= 51.436. The constantk2should be consistent for a given model of oil casing, andm2is related to parameter settings of measuring instruments. The parameter settings of numerical simulation are different from the those of real situation. Usually, the numerical modeling is simplified. To make sure that the result of numerical simulation is not affected and can be used in actual situation, the relationship between the variable value of magnetic induction intensity and the variable value of relative permeability can be given as follows:

    Combing Eqs.(2) and (4), the relationship between the variable value of casing wall stress and that of a probe’s magnetic induction intensity can be given as follows:

    In the formulaK=k1/k2. The casing is under pressure, so the value ofk1is negative andK= 8.40×109.

    Fig.4 The relationship between probe A’s magnetic induction intensity and casing wall’s relative magnetic permeability with abnormality.

    3.2 Physical Experiment

    The magnetic survey experiment under external force on the casing wall was carried out based on the numerical experiment. The steel pipe’s relative magnetic permeability decreases with the increases of compressive stress. The experiment was conducted in the Mechanics of Materials Laboratory of OUC. We used the WE-1000A hydraulic universal tester as the pressure instruments and ZGF-4 NDT sorter as the magnetic signal measurement instruments. In the experiment setup shown in Fig.5, while increasing the external force continuously, a probe over against the force position on the other side can record the magnetic flux data. The measured data and curve fitting is shown in Fig.6. The fitted curve of the measured magnetic fluxФand external forceFis

    Herep1=2.9164×10-3,q1=58.09, The unit of external force is N and the unit of magnetic flux is Wb.

    Fig.5 Physical experiment setup with four probes.

    Fig.6 The measured data and fitted relationship between flux and load.

    We can calculate the stress at the point subjected to external force by simulating with the ANSYS structural stress module. The simplified geometric model of the simulation is shown in Fig.7. The red arrow indicates where external force is applied, the yellow arrows indi-cate where the displacement is to be constrained. Changing external force through the APDL language, the simulated data and the fitting curve are shown in Fig.8. The fitted curve equation for the stressδand external forceFis:

    Herep2=30367,q2=0.00074251. The unit of load is N and the unit of stress is Pa. By combing Eqs.(6) and (7), the relation between the variation of stress and the variation of magnetic flux can be given as follows:

    In the physical experiment, the existing stress in the steel pipe is not considered because Eq. (8) is the relative variation relationship between stress and magnetic flux, we need not to know the existing stress.

    Fig.7 Load and displacement constraint.

    Fig.8 The fitted relationship between stress and load.

    4 Result Analysis

    The relationship between the magnetic flux and the magnetic induction intensity isφ=NBS,Nrepresenting the number of coil turns andSrepresenting coil area which are constant in physical experiments. Based on this, Eq.(8) can also be expressed as the relation between the stress variation and the magnetic induction intensity variation as follows:

    We next analyze whether there is consistency between (5) and (9). IfPis multiplied byNandSis almost the same asK, it can be showed that theKvalue is accurate. But the manufacturer did not provide the parameters of the probe used in the physical experiment, so the parameters obtained from the numerical simulation of the accuracy ofKcan not be accurately verified. The value ofKin numerical simulation is 8.04×109and that ofPin the physical experiment is 1.04×107.Kis greater thanP; they are of the order of magnitude of 100. In fact, on the one hand, number of turns of coilNmultipled with area of the coilSis 100 times easier to meet the situation. On the other hand, even if the constantsNandSare unknown, the physical experiment results can prove the numerical simulation result that the stress variation is proportional to the magnetic induction intensity variation. In addition, for all the ferromagnetic materials, Xiong Erganget al. (2011) obtained the same relationship with theoretical derivation based on micro-magnetic energy theory, which also proves the validity of the numerical simulation result. HoweverKin theoretical derivation is a constant which is not easy to determine. The method in this paper can determineKeasily.

    5 Conclusions

    Oil casing wall is made of ferromagnetic material. The relative magnetic permeability decreases with the increase of compressive stress and increases with the increase of tensile stress. According to the result of ANSYS numerical simulation, the obtained relation between the variation of stress and the variation of magnetic induction intensity is:Δδ=K*ΔB. The physical experiment and theoretical derivation verify the validity of the relation. But the method in this paper that can determine the key parameterKeasily is much better than theoretical derivation for the oil casing model, the value ofKbeing given as 8.04×109. In this way, the variation of casing wall stress can be determined by measuring the variation of the magnetic induction intensity ifKhas been determined.

    The value of magnetic induction intensity around the casing wall increases with the increase of compressive stress and decreases with the increase of tensile stress. The stress at each point on the casing wall can be judged from the change of magnetic induction intensity. With theKvalue the stress variation can be determined. When the probe passes by the casing wall where the permeability is abnormal, magnetic induction intensity records will be abnormal. There is a positive anomaly in the part of the permeability decrease, which means the compressive stress is increasing. There is negative anomaly in the part of the permeability increase, which means the tensile stress is increasing. Abnormal peak corresponds to the largest concentration of stress. The peak amplitude reflects the magnitude of stress. Separation point between abnormal line and the baseline reflects the stress range. Therefore, this technique is able to make a comprehensiveevaluation for the distribution of stress in the casing pipe. In the application of this technology, the key parameterKcan be obtained with the ANSYS numerical simulation method, which has important practical value and can help us to apply this technique for detecting the stress of oil casing accurately.

    Acknowledgements

    The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41174157).

    Auslender, M., Liverts, E., Zadov, B., Elmalem, A., Zhdanov, A., Grosz, A., and Paperno, E., 2013. Inverse effect of magnetostriction in magnetoelectric laminates.Applied Physics Letters, 103: 022907, DOI: 10.1063/1.4812483.

    Baudendistel, T. A., and Turner, M. L., 2007. A novel inversemagnetostrictive force sensor.IEEE Sensors Journal, 7 (2):245-250.

    Bechtold, C., Teliban, I., Thede, C., Chemnitz, S., and Quandt, E., 2010. Non-contact strain measurements based on inverse magnetostriction.Sensors and Actuators A:Physical, 158 (2):224-230.

    Ekreem, N. B., Olabi, A. G., Prescott, T., Rafferty, A., and-Hashmi, M. S. J., 2007. An overview of magnetostriction, its use and methods to measure these properties.Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 191 (1-3): 96-101.

    Evangelos, H., and Aphrodite, K., 2007. Magnetostriction and magnetostrictive materials for sensing applications.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 316: 372-378.

    Jiang, B. J., 2006. The state of arts and trend of magnetic detecting technique.Nondestructive Testing, 28 (7): 362-366.

    Karl, W. J., Powell, A. L., Watts, R., Gibbs, M. R. J., and Whitehouse, C. R., 2000. A micro machined magneto strictive pressure sensor using magneto-optical interrogation.Sensors & Actuators:A.Physical, 81 (1): 137-141.

    Laguerre, L., Aime, J. C., and Brissaud, M., 2002. Magnetostrictive pulse echoed vice for non destructive evaluation of cylindrical steel materials using longitudinal guided waves.Ultrasonics, 152-155.

    Liu, Q. X., 2006.The Casing Condition Logging and the Study of the Method to Detect the Casing Stress. China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 14-77.

    Mohammed, O. A., Liu, S., and Abed, N., 2004. Study of the inverse magnetostriction effect on machine deformation.IEEE Southeast Con,Proceedings, 433-436.

    Olabi, A. G., and Grunwald, A., 2008. Design and application of magnetostrictive materials.Materials and Design, 29: 469-483.

    Pulnikov, A., Permiakov, V., and De Wulf, M., 2003. Measuring setup for the investigation of the influence of mechanical stresses on magnetic properties of electrical steel.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 254: 47-49.

    Pulnikov, A., Permiakov, V., Petrov, R., Gyselinck, J., Langelaan, G., Wisselink, H., Dupre, L., Houbaert, Y., and Melkebeek, J., 2004. Investigation of residual stresses by means of local magnetic measurement.Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 272-276: 2303-2304.

    Rafferty, A., Bakir, S., Brabazon, D., and Prescott, T., 2009. Calibration and characterisation with a new laser-based magnetostriction measurement system.Materials and Design, 30:1680-1684.

    Sakai, Y., and Unishi, H., 2004. Non-destructive method for bending stress evaluation of linepipes using a magnetic anisotropy sensor.Journal of the Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection, 53 (12): 767-777.

    Sun, Z. Y., 2011.Stress Detecting Technology Research of Construction Steel Materials Based on Magnetic Coupling. Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, 4-28.

    Tian, M. B., 2001.Magnetic Materials. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 11-45.

    Wang, S. L., Wang, W., Su, S. Q., and Zhang, S. F., 2005. Amagneto-mechanical model on differential permeability and stress of ferromagnetic material.Journal of Xi’an University of Science & Technology, 25 (3): 288-305.

    Wang, Y. M., Kang, Y. H., and Wu, X. J., 2005. Magnetostrictive effect and its application to NDT.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Nature Science Edition), 33 (1): 75-77.

    Wang, Z. Y., Ma, W. Z., Zhou, Z. B., Li, Z. P., and Qi, X. Y., 2007. Study and application of casing stress measuring tool.Well Logging Technology, 31 (2): 163-165.

    Wang, Z. Y., Li, Z. P., Yang, X. B., Ma, W. Z., Zhou, Z. B., and Qi, X. Y., 2012. Study on interpretation method of magnetism-stress Log data.Well Logging Technology, 36 (1): 51-55.

    Xiong, E. G., Wang, S. L., Zhao, J. H., Gao, Z. H., and Li, B., 2011. A theoretical and experimental study on the dependency relationship of magnetic flux versus stress for steel.Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 32 (3): 294-297.

    Xu, Y., 2011. Study on stress detection method based on magneto elastic effect. National Defense Science and Technology University, Changsha, 1-33.

    Yang, X., Liu, S. H., Li, F., Zhang, S. M., and Wang, W. M., 2013. Research progress in casing detection technology.China Petroleum Machinery, 41 (8): 17-21.

    ?urek, Z. H., 2005. Magnetic contactless detection of stress distribution and assembly defects in constructional steel element.NDT & E International, 38 (7): 589-595.

    (Edited by Ji Dechun)

    (Received May 13, 2014; revised July 12, 2014; accepted December 28, 2014)

    ? Ocean University of China, Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015

    * Corresponding author. Tel: 0086-532-66781905 E-mail: mengfsh@ouc.edu.cn

    人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜 | 久久精品夜夜夜夜夜久久蜜豆| 高清av免费在线| 两个人视频免费观看高清| 精品无人区乱码1区二区| 天堂网av新在线| 欧美不卡视频在线免费观看| 亚洲精品成人久久久久久| 最近视频中文字幕2019在线8| 97热精品久久久久久| 成人亚洲精品av一区二区| 色5月婷婷丁香| 麻豆久久精品国产亚洲av| 亚洲国产精品专区欧美| 成人无遮挡网站| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 国产成人freesex在线| 神马国产精品三级电影在线观看| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 欧美精品国产亚洲| 午夜免费激情av| 99热这里只有是精品在线观看| 精品人妻熟女av久视频| 99热精品在线国产| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 爱豆传媒免费全集在线观看| 97热精品久久久久久| 免费黄网站久久成人精品| 搞女人的毛片| 午夜福利在线在线| 国产一区二区亚洲精品在线观看| 三级毛片av免费| 观看免费一级毛片| 国产精品一区二区性色av| 日日撸夜夜添| 国产精品久久视频播放| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 人人妻人人澡人人爽人人夜夜 | 免费看a级黄色片| 一边亲一边摸免费视频| 国产精品美女特级片免费视频播放器| 欧美潮喷喷水| 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 欧美3d第一页| 国产精品乱码一区二三区的特点| 26uuu在线亚洲综合色| 18禁在线播放成人免费| 99热6这里只有精品| 成人一区二区视频在线观看| 亚洲精品亚洲一区二区| 亚洲国产欧美人成| 国产精品一二三区在线看| 午夜免费男女啪啪视频观看| 国产精品福利在线免费观看| 久久精品久久精品一区二区三区| 日本三级黄在线观看| 国产精品国产高清国产av| av国产免费在线观看| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 日本三级黄在线观看| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 久久精品久久久久久噜噜老黄 | 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 国产精品久久久久久精品电影| 女人十人毛片免费观看3o分钟| 久久久国产成人精品二区| 中国美白少妇内射xxxbb| 又粗又爽又猛毛片免费看| 国国产精品蜜臀av免费| 桃色一区二区三区在线观看| 国产探花极品一区二区| 男女下面进入的视频免费午夜| av视频在线观看入口| 成人亚洲精品av一区二区| 国产精品一区二区三区四区免费观看| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看 | 日韩成人av中文字幕在线观看| 欧美丝袜亚洲另类| 熟妇人妻久久中文字幕3abv| 黄片wwwwww| 一区二区三区四区激情视频| 色尼玛亚洲综合影院| 色网站视频免费| 久久久成人免费电影| 嫩草影院入口| 成人美女网站在线观看视频| 国产免费一级a男人的天堂| 国产高清视频在线观看网站| 国产片特级美女逼逼视频| 联通29元200g的流量卡| 日日啪夜夜撸| 一夜夜www| 99久国产av精品| 亚洲最大成人中文| 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看 | 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 亚洲在久久综合| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 五月玫瑰六月丁香| 最近的中文字幕免费完整| 赤兔流量卡办理| 亚洲真实伦在线观看| 99九九线精品视频在线观看视频| 91精品国产九色| 亚洲色图av天堂| 国产伦精品一区二区三区视频9| 嫩草影院入口| 国产伦精品一区二区三区四那| 精品人妻偷拍中文字幕| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 日韩一区二区三区影片| 国产午夜精品论理片| 亚洲精品成人久久久久久| 天天躁日日操中文字幕| 亚洲天堂国产精品一区在线| 身体一侧抽搐| 青青草视频在线视频观看| 国产精品久久久久久久久免| 精品国产一区二区三区久久久樱花 | videossex国产| 久久人妻av系列| 国产免费一级a男人的天堂| 一边亲一边摸免费视频| 麻豆精品久久久久久蜜桃| 久久久久久久久久成人| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说 | 亚洲久久久久久中文字幕| 在线观看66精品国产| 国产精品,欧美在线| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 亚洲最大成人中文| 亚洲18禁久久av| av女优亚洲男人天堂| 国产又色又爽无遮挡免| 日本色播在线视频| 99久久精品国产国产毛片| 国产淫语在线视频| 蜜臀久久99精品久久宅男| 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| or卡值多少钱| 国产精品永久免费网站| 亚洲欧美精品自产自拍| 淫秽高清视频在线观看| 精品人妻一区二区三区麻豆| 边亲边吃奶的免费视频| 69人妻影院| 超碰97精品在线观看| 国产毛片a区久久久久| 色吧在线观看| 日本黄色片子视频| 欧美日韩综合久久久久久| 国产精品一区二区三区四区久久| 欧美丝袜亚洲另类| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 我要看日韩黄色一级片| 99久久成人亚洲精品观看| 亚洲精品aⅴ在线观看| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx在线观看| 免费看日本二区| 小说图片视频综合网站| a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 又爽又黄无遮挡网站| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 国产男人的电影天堂91| 又爽又黄无遮挡网站| 国产老妇女一区| a级毛片免费高清观看在线播放| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 亚洲电影在线观看av| 91久久精品国产一区二区三区| 国产精品蜜桃在线观看| 国产女主播在线喷水免费视频网站 | 国产高清有码在线观看视频| 免费一级毛片在线播放高清视频| 哪个播放器可以免费观看大片| 亚洲国产最新在线播放| 99热精品在线国产| 久久久久精品久久久久真实原创| 一级黄片播放器| 网址你懂的国产日韩在线| АⅤ资源中文在线天堂| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 亚洲国产精品成人综合色| 99热这里只有是精品50| 国产一区二区在线观看日韩| 水蜜桃什么品种好| 人妻制服诱惑在线中文字幕| 97在线视频观看| 女的被弄到高潮叫床怎么办| 午夜福利高清视频| 少妇猛男粗大的猛烈进出视频 | av黄色大香蕉| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠久久av| 一二三四中文在线观看免费高清| 亚洲成av人片在线播放无| 草草在线视频免费看| 99在线视频只有这里精品首页| 特级一级黄色大片| 国产黄a三级三级三级人| 特大巨黑吊av在线直播| 男女啪啪激烈高潮av片| 禁无遮挡网站| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 日韩欧美国产在线观看| 少妇人妻一区二区三区视频| 性色avwww在线观看| 欧美日本视频| 天堂√8在线中文| 亚洲av不卡在线观看| 寂寞人妻少妇视频99o| 嫩草影院新地址| 久久久久久久亚洲中文字幕| 深夜a级毛片| 日本一二三区视频观看| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放 | kizo精华| АⅤ资源中文在线天堂| 九九爱精品视频在线观看| 欧美一区二区精品小视频在线| av视频在线观看入口| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| av国产免费在线观看| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 欧美zozozo另类| 看片在线看免费视频| 久久99热这里只有精品18| 99热6这里只有精品| 熟女电影av网| 成人漫画全彩无遮挡| 观看免费一级毛片| 亚洲怡红院男人天堂| 久久久久性生活片| 日本黄色视频三级网站网址| 亚洲五月天丁香| 亚洲国产日韩欧美精品在线观看| 亚洲av男天堂| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 日产精品乱码卡一卡2卡三| 热99re8久久精品国产| 三级经典国产精品| 嫩草影院新地址| 成人一区二区视频在线观看| 亚洲av免费在线观看| 欧美成人免费av一区二区三区| 久久热精品热| 欧美色视频一区免费| 99久久九九国产精品国产免费| 久久久精品94久久精品| 亚洲在线观看片| 少妇丰满av| 亚洲欧美一区二区三区国产| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 99国产精品一区二区蜜桃av| 搞女人的毛片| 深爱激情五月婷婷| 国产精品野战在线观看| 日韩三级伦理在线观看| 欧美高清性xxxxhd video| 欧美又色又爽又黄视频| 简卡轻食公司| 国产成人精品久久久久久| 免费搜索国产男女视频| 日本熟妇午夜| 欧美性猛交╳xxx乱大交人| 国产色婷婷99| 美女黄网站色视频| 国产在视频线在精品| av免费观看日本| 免费黄色在线免费观看| 高清午夜精品一区二区三区| av国产久精品久网站免费入址| 国产伦理片在线播放av一区| 久久精品影院6| 国产在线一区二区三区精 | 国产人妻一区二区三区在| h日本视频在线播放| 狂野欧美激情性xxxx在线观看| 国产成人a区在线观看| 国产伦精品一区二区三区视频9| 亚洲一区高清亚洲精品| 久久久午夜欧美精品| 最近手机中文字幕大全| 波野结衣二区三区在线| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 久久久久久久久中文| 国产高清视频在线观看网站| 国产色爽女视频免费观看| 在线观看一区二区三区| 晚上一个人看的免费电影| 亚洲精品久久久久久婷婷小说 | 欧美区成人在线视频| 最近中文字幕高清免费大全6| 国产伦精品一区二区三区四那| 免费不卡的大黄色大毛片视频在线观看 | 一级av片app| 1000部很黄的大片| 大香蕉97超碰在线| 国产极品精品免费视频能看的| 卡戴珊不雅视频在线播放| 国产午夜精品一二区理论片| 高清av免费在线| av在线老鸭窝| 亚洲伊人久久精品综合 | 久久热精品热| 人妻少妇偷人精品九色| ponron亚洲| 2021少妇久久久久久久久久久| av福利片在线观看| 91精品伊人久久大香线蕉| 亚洲在久久综合| 听说在线观看完整版免费高清| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 99久久中文字幕三级久久日本| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 26uuu在线亚洲综合色| 欧美3d第一页| 中文欧美无线码| 一级黄片播放器| 在线观看av片永久免费下载| 亚洲国产精品成人久久小说| 大话2 男鬼变身卡| 日韩亚洲欧美综合| 人体艺术视频欧美日本| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频| 夫妻性生交免费视频一级片| 六月丁香七月| 国产精品乱码一区二三区的特点| 69人妻影院| 高清视频免费观看一区二区 | 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 亚洲av电影不卡..在线观看| 午夜福利高清视频| av视频在线观看入口| 大又大粗又爽又黄少妇毛片口| 男人舔女人下体高潮全视频| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| av免费观看日本| 女人被狂操c到高潮| 亚洲精品乱码久久久久久按摩| 久久久久网色| 亚洲精品aⅴ在线观看| 老司机影院成人| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看| 国产老妇女一区| 一区二区三区免费毛片| 欧美日韩综合久久久久久| 一区二区三区免费毛片| 国产av码专区亚洲av| 亚洲婷婷狠狠爱综合网| 亚洲经典国产精华液单| 插阴视频在线观看视频| 亚洲第一区二区三区不卡| 久久久久九九精品影院| 亚洲第一区二区三区不卡| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频| 99视频精品全部免费 在线| 日韩欧美精品免费久久| 日本-黄色视频高清免费观看| 男人的好看免费观看在线视频| 美女脱内裤让男人舔精品视频| 欧美成人一区二区免费高清观看| 日本免费在线观看一区| 男人和女人高潮做爰伦理| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线 | 午夜福利在线观看免费完整高清在| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 亚洲经典国产精华液单| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 老司机影院成人| 我的老师免费观看完整版| 亚洲四区av| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 乱系列少妇在线播放| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| 亚洲成人久久爱视频| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| 久久精品夜色国产| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕 | 亚洲精品一区蜜桃| 一本—道久久a久久精品蜜桃钙片 精品乱码久久久久久99久播 | 国产精品久久久久久av不卡| 国产精品1区2区在线观看.| videossex国产| 中文亚洲av片在线观看爽| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 欧美色视频一区免费| 男的添女的下面高潮视频| 国产美女午夜福利| 蜜臀久久99精品久久宅男| 干丝袜人妻中文字幕| 深夜a级毛片| 午夜福利成人在线免费观看| 亚洲av男天堂| 国产淫语在线视频| 我要看日韩黄色一级片| 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 久久午夜福利片| 国产av码专区亚洲av| 国内精品宾馆在线| 日韩人妻高清精品专区| 干丝袜人妻中文字幕| 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 蜜桃久久精品国产亚洲av| 美女国产视频在线观看| 免费观看精品视频网站| 中文字幕熟女人妻在线| 亚洲,欧美,日韩| 嫩草影院新地址| 一个人看的www免费观看视频| 日韩高清综合在线| 国产免费福利视频在线观看| 国产中年淑女户外野战色| 亚洲欧美精品专区久久| 老司机福利观看| 在线观看一区二区三区| 真实男女啪啪啪动态图| 免费观看性生交大片5| 亚洲色图av天堂| 一本久久精品| 天天躁夜夜躁狠狠久久av| 青春草国产在线视频| 91av网一区二区| 内地一区二区视频在线| 亚洲精品乱久久久久久| 看黄色毛片网站| 天美传媒精品一区二区| 三级男女做爰猛烈吃奶摸视频| 一区二区三区乱码不卡18| 亚洲av日韩在线播放| 最近的中文字幕免费完整| 中文欧美无线码| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 免费看日本二区| 汤姆久久久久久久影院中文字幕 | 观看免费一级毛片| 久久精品综合一区二区三区| 搞女人的毛片| 日韩高清综合在线| 久久热精品热| 特大巨黑吊av在线直播| 丰满人妻一区二区三区视频av| 亚洲丝袜综合中文字幕| 日本免费a在线| 黄色日韩在线| 中文乱码字字幕精品一区二区三区 | 97人妻精品一区二区三区麻豆| 国产91av在线免费观看| 国产精品人妻久久久影院| 可以在线观看毛片的网站| 国产高清国产精品国产三级 | 久久久久九九精品影院| 又粗又爽又猛毛片免费看| 国产精品伦人一区二区| 高清日韩中文字幕在线| 天堂av国产一区二区熟女人妻| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 伦理电影大哥的女人| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 久久久亚洲精品成人影院| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 久久这里只有精品中国| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 亚洲av一区综合| av天堂中文字幕网| 国产精品美女特级片免费视频播放器| av免费观看日本| 国产大屁股一区二区在线视频| 男女边吃奶边做爰视频| 看免费成人av毛片| 亚洲精品国产av成人精品| 91午夜精品亚洲一区二区三区| 久久精品国产99精品国产亚洲性色| 亚洲国产精品专区欧美| 小蜜桃在线观看免费完整版高清| 日日摸夜夜添夜夜爱| 国产午夜福利久久久久久| 免费在线观看成人毛片| 精品久久久久久电影网 | 国产黄色小视频在线观看| 国产老妇女一区| 最近2019中文字幕mv第一页| 亚洲精品,欧美精品| av线在线观看网站| 成年女人永久免费观看视频| 看免费成人av毛片| 国产精品嫩草影院av在线观看| 久久久午夜欧美精品| 欧美高清性xxxxhd video| 久久精品影院6| 欧美激情国产日韩精品一区| 亚洲国产最新在线播放| 久久欧美精品欧美久久欧美| 亚洲国产精品久久男人天堂| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看| 一个人看视频在线观看www免费| 国产在视频线精品| 日本五十路高清| 直男gayav资源| 一边亲一边摸免费视频| 九草在线视频观看| 麻豆成人午夜福利视频| 3wmmmm亚洲av在线观看| 亚洲在线观看片| 免费观看人在逋| 欧美日韩一区二区视频在线观看视频在线 | 五月伊人婷婷丁香| 黄色欧美视频在线观看| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| 国产熟女欧美一区二区| 国产亚洲一区二区精品| 丰满人妻一区二区三区视频av| 国产精品不卡视频一区二区| 能在线免费看毛片的网站| 亚洲精品日韩在线中文字幕| 高清毛片免费看| 国产精品日韩av在线免费观看| 欧美不卡视频在线免费观看| 精品人妻熟女av久视频| 亚洲美女视频黄频| av专区在线播放| 久久99热这里只频精品6学生 | 18禁在线无遮挡免费观看视频| 中文字幕av成人在线电影| 国产精品久久电影中文字幕| 欧美一区二区国产精品久久精品| 大香蕉久久网| 国产美女午夜福利| 久久婷婷人人爽人人干人人爱| 成人午夜精彩视频在线观看| av卡一久久| 亚洲激情五月婷婷啪啪| 久久精品国产鲁丝片午夜精品| 亚洲精品国产成人久久av| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 最近的中文字幕免费完整| 日韩制服骚丝袜av| 欧美高清成人免费视频www| 午夜福利在线观看吧| 国产极品天堂在线| 国产乱人偷精品视频| 中文字幕熟女人妻在线| 亚洲中文字幕日韩| 婷婷色av中文字幕| 高清av免费在线| 女人久久www免费人成看片 | 免费播放大片免费观看视频在线观看 | 成人毛片a级毛片在线播放| 成人亚洲精品av一区二区| 亚洲欧洲日产国产| 欧美最新免费一区二区三区| 青春草国产在线视频| 久久久久久久久久黄片| 两性午夜刺激爽爽歪歪视频在线观看| 久久久久网色| 热99在线观看视频| 亚洲成av人片在线播放无| 亚洲欧美清纯卡通| 91av网一区二区| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 亚洲五月天丁香| 亚洲真实伦在线观看| 国产一区有黄有色的免费视频 | 99久国产av精品国产电影| 91av网一区二区| 美女被艹到高潮喷水动态| 18禁在线无遮挡免费观看视频| 国产亚洲5aaaaa淫片| 亚洲在线自拍视频| 丝袜美腿在线中文| 久久久午夜欧美精品| 十八禁国产超污无遮挡网站| 日本爱情动作片www.在线观看| ponron亚洲| 国产乱人偷精品视频| 青青草视频在线视频观看| 国产免费一级a男人的天堂| 欧美成人午夜免费资源| 青春草亚洲视频在线观看| 国产一级毛片七仙女欲春2| 欧美另类亚洲清纯唯美| 噜噜噜噜噜久久久久久91| 欧美区成人在线视频| 蜜桃亚洲精品一区二区三区| 国产亚洲午夜精品一区二区久久 | 亚洲国产精品合色在线| 少妇人妻精品综合一区二区| 亚洲av男天堂| 日韩,欧美,国产一区二区三区 | 欧美日韩精品成人综合77777| 99久久精品一区二区三区| 一级毛片我不卡| av国产免费在线观看| 久久久久久久久中文| 国产亚洲av嫩草精品影院| 日本午夜av视频| 亚洲av中文字字幕乱码综合| 久久久久九九精品影院| 黄片wwwwww| 久久亚洲国产成人精品v| 国产老妇伦熟女老妇高清| 久久久成人免费电影| 精品少妇黑人巨大在线播放 | 久久亚洲精品不卡|