趣談那些宣布獨(dú)立的“迷你國家”

A micronation is a piece of land that claims to be an independent or sovereign1） nation， but is not officially recognized by the governments of the world. There are many reasons for the founding of the micronations， ranging from symbols of defiance2）， to boost3） tourism or solely for fun. Current reports put the number of micronations scattered around the world at approximately 400， with more being created every year. Below are seven micronations.

迷你國家是指宣稱獨(dú)立或擁有主權(quán)但卻未獲得世界各國政府官方承認(rèn)的小片領(lǐng)地。成立迷你國家的原因有很多，或?yàn)楸硎痉纯梗驗(yàn)榇碳ぢ糜?，或僅供娛樂。據(jù)現(xiàn)有報(bào)道估計(jì)，世界各地的迷你國家總數(shù)約為400個(gè)，并且每年還在不斷增加。以下是七個(gè)迷你國家。

The Kingdom of Elleore was founded in 1944， by schoolteachers who brought their pupils there for a summer camp. Now it comes alive4） for one week every August， when 370 Danes5） arrive for their annual week-long camp where they throw parties and play games. It even has its own national sport， called "cracket". To this day there remain strict rules. Bringing a copy of Robinson Crusoe on to the island can be punished by a sentence of 11 minutes and 17 seconds in prison.

歷史沿革 艾里歐里王國成立于1944年，創(chuàng)建者為當(dāng)時(shí)帶著學(xué)生到此舉辦夏令營的一群老師。如今，每年8月這里都會再度迎來一周的活躍期，期間有370名丹麥人登臨此島開派對，玩游戲，歡慶他們一年一度的七天夏令營。艾里歐里王國甚至還有自己的民族體育項(xiàng)目，叫做“cracket”。該國至今律法嚴(yán)明，凡帶《魯濱孫漂流記》一書登島者會被處以11分17秒的監(jiān)禁。

The Consulate of La Boirie was founded by three friends in August 2006. The trio7） of Phillipe， Pascal and Sebastien proclaimed8） their guest house9） as independent， declaring it a place of tolerance， hedonism10） and eco-citizenship. Unfortunately， consular11） business ended in August 2012 when Pascal sadly passed away.

歷史沿革 拉博里領(lǐng)事國成立于2006年8月，創(chuàng)建者為菲利普、帕斯卡爾和塞巴斯蒂安這三位好友。三人宣布他們的旅館獨(dú)立，稱其是寬容、歡樂和環(huán)保的地方。可惜，2012年8月，帕斯卡爾不幸去世，他們的領(lǐng)事業(yè)務(wù)也宣告結(jié)束。

Seborga was actually a principality under the Pope's protection in the Holy Roman Empire13） in 1079， but fell off the map until the 1960s， when local florist14） Giorgio Carbone proclaimed its historical independence as a principality once more. Sadly， Giorgio passed away in 2009 and his successor Marcello Menegatto now dreams of building a golf course15） and luxury hotel there.

歷史沿革 塞波加其實(shí)是1079年神圣羅馬帝國下受教皇庇護(hù)的一個(gè)公國，但地圖上一直沒有它的位置，直到20世紀(jì)60年代，當(dāng)?shù)鼗ㄉ虇讨巍た柌﹥?nèi)宣布了其歷史獨(dú)立地位，使其再次成為一個(gè)公國。遺憾的是，喬治于2009年去世，他的繼任者馬爾切洛·梅內(nèi)加托如今夢想著在此興建一個(gè)帶高爾夫球場的豪華酒店。 z

The Republic of Molossia

摩洛希亞共和國

The Republic of Molossia was founded by Kevin Baugh in 1999， when he declared himself President of the area surrounding his home in Dayton， Nevada. A dedicated supporter of micronations， he helped to found the first Microlympic Games in 2000， where he took gold in the frisbee16） event.

歷史沿革 1999年，內(nèi)華達(dá)州代頓市的凱文·鮑宣稱自己為自家住宅周圍區(qū)域的總統(tǒng)，摩洛希亞共和國由此成立。作為迷你國家的熱忱支持者，他于2000年協(xié)助舉辦了首屆“迷你國家奧林匹克運(yùn)動會”，并摘得飛盤項(xiàng)目的金牌。

The Republic of Saugeais is made up of a total of 11 villages in the eastern French department17） of Haut-Doubs， on the Swiss border. It started as a joke by Georges Pourchet， owner of the Hotel de l'Abbaye in the region， who teased the local prefect18） that he needed a pass to enter his establishment. The visitor promptly19） appointed Pourchet President of the new Free Republic of Saugeais. Pourchet was succeeded by his widow， Gabrielle， then his daughter， Georgette.

歷史沿革 薩熱共和國位于法國東部的杜省高地地區(qū)，和瑞士邊境接壤，共由11個(gè)村莊組成。該國的誕生緣起于該地區(qū)的修道院酒店老板喬治·普爾謝跟當(dāng)?shù)匦姓L官開的一個(gè)玩笑。普爾謝打趣說長官大人需要有通行證才能進(jìn)入他的酒店。前來造訪的長官隨即任命普爾謝為這個(gè)新成立的薩熱共和國的總統(tǒng)。普爾謝的繼任者先后為他的遺孀加布麗埃勒和女兒若爾熱特。

The Conch20） Republic 海螺共和國

The Conch Republic has its origins in a road block21）. In 1982， US Border Patrol set up a stop in Key West to search for drugs and illegal immigrants， which led to angry locals insisting it was harming their tourist trade. They said they were being treated like a foreign country， and so they established The Conch Republic as a symbol of defiance and to boost visitors. Key West's mayor at the time， Dennis Wardlow， was proclaimed as the first Prime Minister of the Republic and tourism soon soared back to its normal levels.

歷史沿革 海螺共和國起源于一個(gè)路障。1982年，美國邊境巡邏隊(duì)在基韋斯特市設(shè)立了一個(gè)停車檢查點(diǎn)，用來搜尋毒品和非法移民。這引起了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦膽嵟?，他們?jiān)稱此舉有損當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)，還說他們被當(dāng)做異國一樣對待。于是，他們就建立了海螺共和國，以示抗議，并借此促進(jìn)游客數(shù)量的增長?；f斯特市時(shí)任市長丹尼斯·沃德婁被任命為共和國的首任總理。這里的旅游業(yè)迅速回暖，很快就恢復(fù)到了正常水平。

12. principality [?pr?ns??p?l?ti] n. 公國；侯國

13. Holy Roman Empire： 神圣羅馬帝國，全稱為德意志民族神圣羅馬帝國或日耳曼民族神圣羅馬帝國，是962～1806年位于西歐和中歐的一個(gè)封建帝國。早期是由擁有實(shí)際權(quán)力的皇帝統(tǒng)治的國家，中世紀(jì)時(shí)演變成承認(rèn)皇帝為最高權(quán)威的公國、侯國、宗教貴族領(lǐng)地和帝國自由城市的政治聯(lián)合體。

14. florist [?fl?r?st] n. 花店店主；花商

15. course [k??s] n. 球場

16. frisbee [?fr?zbi] n. （投擲游戲用的）飛盤，飛碟

17. department [d??pɑ?tm?nt] n. （法國、巴拉圭等的）省

18. prefect [?pri?fekt] n. 地方行政長官；（法國等的）省長

19. promptly [?pr?mptli] adv. 立即；馬上

20. conch [k?nt?] n. 海螺；海螺殼

21. road block： 路障

22. emit [i?m?t] vt. 發(fā)出（聲音）

23. pirate radio： 非法廣播；地下電臺

The Principality of Sealand 西蘭公國

Perhaps the best-known micronation， the Principality of Sealand is located on an abandoned World War II military platform off the coast of Great Britain in international waters. It was first established in 1967 by Paddy Roy Bates in order to emit22） pirate radio23） broadcasts and has since established its own flag and currency， and also issues passports.

歷史沿革 西蘭公國也許是最著名的迷你國家。它位于一個(gè)廢棄的二戰(zhàn)軍用平臺上，該平臺建在離大不列顛島海岸不遠(yuǎn)處的國際水域。西蘭公國于1967年由帕迪·羅伊·貝茨創(chuàng)建，最初是為了播送地下廣播，隨后確立了自己的國旗和貨幣，現(xiàn)在還簽發(fā)護(hù)照。