摘要:目的 通過分析近6年乳腺癌患者被貽誤診斷的情況,尋找可行的干預措施,做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療,提高生存率,促進女性健康。方法 回顧近6年乳腺門診發(fā)現(xiàn)的6例乳腺癌患者的資料。結果 6例均有貽誤診斷的情況記錄。結論 由于沒有開展規(guī)范的乳腺體檢,或者僅行乳腺紅外線透照、冷光檢查,因技術落后,診斷價值不大,加上健康教育不到位,患者自我保健意識淡薄,還有經(jīng)濟條件受限,導致6例乳腺癌患者均未得到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷,從而不能獲得最佳治療時機和較好預后。
關鍵詞:乳腺癌;早發(fā)現(xiàn);早診斷
Clinical Analysis of 6 Cases of Delayed Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
LI Hou-zhen1,MEI Fa-cui1,LIU Ling2
(1.Anlu City Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Anlu 432600,Hubei,China;2.Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400038,China)
Abstract:Objective Through the analysis of the recent six years situation of the faulty diagnosis among the breast cancer patients,we plan to search for practical intervention measures so that we can achieve finding and diagnosing them earlier and making them taking therapy earlier to increase the survival ratio and to stimulate the health of females.Methods Retrospect the files of the six breast cancer patients who were found in gynecology outpatient department during the recent six years.Results All of the six breast cancer patients are in the same situation of being diagnosed lately.Conclusion There exists several reasons account for the phenomenon.Firstly,the patients didn't have systemic breast check or only had breast infrared ray irradiation and cold-light check.However,because of these technologies are out of date,they don't value much.In addition,the lack of social health education and awareness of self-health also contribute too much.What's more,the economic conditions play an enormous part in it.All of the above reasons contribute to the six breast cancer patients missing the chance of being found earlier and being diagnosed earlier,which result in that they couldn't acquire the best therapy time and couldn't obtain a longer life.
Key words:Breast cancer;Early detection; Early diagnosis
1臨床資料
回顧性閱讀近6年乳腺門診發(fā)現(xiàn)的6例乳腺癌患者資料。
病例1:47歲,護士,未進行規(guī)范的乳腺體檢,其母死于癌癥,因乳房疼痛行乳腺冷光透照,診斷乳腺增生,行乳腺理療,不到1個月出現(xiàn)同側腋下淋巴結疼痛,經(jīng)外科醫(yī)生觸診,初步診斷:淋巴結炎,行抗炎治療后淋巴結縮小,疼痛消失,后再未檢查。6個月后因人事調動在新單位上崗前的例行體檢時發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌,術后病理診斷:乳腺癌中晚期。后經(jīng)綜合治療存活3年多死亡。
病例2:57歲,護士,未進行規(guī)范的乳腺體檢,其兄死于癌癥。因其親戚查出乳腺癌,自已去體檢,發(fā)現(xiàn)乳房包塊,穿刺疑乳腺癌,術后病理證實為乳腺癌早中期,經(jīng)化療,已存活6個月,根據(jù)FACT-L(生活質量量表)評估結果,提示患者情況尚可。
病例3:60歲,農(nóng)民,從未進行過乳腺體檢,因乳腺包塊疼痛就診,就診時一側乳房已有包塊活動受限及酒窩癥,手術后病理證實為乳腺癌晚期,由于經(jīng)濟條件受限,未進行綜合治療,存活1年多死亡。
病例4:36歲,教師,有過乳房體檢,但為冷光、紅外線透照,體檢設備分辨度有限,加上不是每年體檢,所以當發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌時已是晚期,雖經(jīng)綜合治療,但因患者無法承受疾病打擊及化療帶來的痛苦,術后不到1年自殺死亡。
病例5:42歲,干部,有過乳腺冷光檢查,因乳房脹痛行紅外線檢查,初步診斷:乳腺增生,囑患者去上級醫(yī)院檢查。患者3個月后去上級醫(yī)院檢查,診斷乳腺癌中期,經(jīng)綜合治療已生存5年多,根據(jù)FACT-L(生活質量量表)評估結果,提示患者情況尚可。
病例6:40歲,打字員,從未行乳腺檢查,因乳房包塊疼痛就診,診斷乳腺癌中晚期,手術后在化療已6個月,病情暫時穩(wěn)定,隨訪。
2分析
病例1、2、4、5均未進行乳腺體檢。病例3、6雖有過乳腺體檢,但不規(guī)范,且體檢設備落后,診斷價值不大。病例1、2均有惡性腫瘤家族史,未被當作高危人群進行腫瘤篩查。
外科學中明確指出乳腺癌在我國女性腫瘤發(fā)病率中占第一位[1],遺傳性乳腺癌大約占所有乳腺癌的5~10%[2];而且有乳腺癌家族史的患者,其患乳腺癌的機會比普通人群高1.76%。而在本地區(qū)乳腺健康教育卻沒有做到家喻戶曉,加上很多女性健康意識淡薄,很少有意識地進行健康體檢,從而導致能早期尤其是在T0期發(fā)現(xiàn)的乳腺癌直到中晚期才被檢查出來,貽誤了診斷。
3結果
6例均有貽誤診斷的情況記錄,均沒有做到早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早診斷、早治療。
4討論
分析以上6例病例情況我們應倡導:
4.1.加強健康教育,讓乳腺保健深入人心,廣泛知曉。
4.2.規(guī)范乳腺體檢,加強高危人群的篩查,每年檢查一次,至少是鉬靶檢查,以便盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)乳腺癌患者。
4.3提高診斷水平。紅外線透照只能作初篩,盡可能行乳房B超或鉬靶檢查,必要時行CT、MRI及穿刺活組織檢查。以提高乳腺癌的診斷率并得到早期發(fā)現(xiàn)
4.4.向政府相關部門建議,將\"兩癌篩查\"納入農(nóng)村醫(yī)療報銷項目,讓更多人享受經(jīng)濟發(fā)展帶來的實惠,減少因病至貧的家庭產(chǎn)生。
參考文獻:
[1]S1chopper D,de Wolf C.How effective are breast cancerscreening programmes by mammography?review of thecurrent evidence[J].Eur J Cancer,2009,45(11):1916-1923.
[2]Uchida K,Yamashita A,Kawase K,et al.Screening ultrasonographyrevealed 15%omammographically occultbreast cancers[J].Breast Cancer,2008,15(2):165-168.
編輯/孫杰