建立完善亞歐互聯(lián)互通機(jī)制逐步形成體制化機(jī)制化安排

□ 文/陳文玲

亞歐各國(guó)在發(fā)展水平、政治制度和文化背景等方面存在差異，但有著追求社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和民眾幸福的共同目標(biāo)。自2012年第九屆亞歐首腦會(huì)議，亞歐領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人共同強(qiáng)調(diào)加強(qiáng)區(qū)域互聯(lián)互通以來(lái)，促進(jìn)亞歐互聯(lián)互通和產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)接的呼聲也越來(lái)越高。隨著“一帶一路”戰(zhàn)略的提出和推進(jìn)，亞歐之間的交流與合作會(huì)越來(lái)越密切。正如2014年國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)在第十屆亞歐首腦會(huì)議發(fā)言指出，“亞歐國(guó)家雖同在一塊大陸，但經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)卻受制于不少地理障礙。聯(lián)則通，通則興，亞歐大陸迫切需要互聯(lián)互通。中國(guó)提出建設(shè)絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶和21世紀(jì)海上絲綢之路，愿與地區(qū)國(guó)家一道構(gòu)建亞歐大陸基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施互聯(lián)互通網(wǎng)絡(luò)，深化區(qū)域合作，促進(jìn)各國(guó)發(fā)展”。今年5月27-28日將在重慶舉辦亞歐互聯(lián)互通產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)話會(huì)。會(huì)議將就如何加強(qiáng)亞歐互聯(lián)互通建設(shè)，加強(qiáng)產(chǎn)業(yè)合作，促進(jìn)區(qū)域內(nèi)貨物、服務(wù)、資本和人員的高效流動(dòng)，便利貿(mào)易和投資，破除區(qū)域一體化瓶頸，出謀劃策，共享智慧。

推進(jìn)亞歐互聯(lián)互通，需要要建立長(zhǎng)效的制度化安排，促進(jìn)各方在經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)、文化交流、能源共享、安全保障、生態(tài)保護(hù)和公共物品提供等多領(lǐng)域形成更廣泛、持久的合作機(jī)制，讓更多國(guó)家參與，覆蓋更廣合作領(lǐng)域，提供更深合作程度。

第一，充分利用現(xiàn)有的多邊合作機(jī)制，同時(shí)創(chuàng)新多邊合作方式。應(yīng)充分利用、完善、整合和對(duì)接現(xiàn)有的多邊合作機(jī)制和平臺(tái)，具體包括亞太經(jīng)合組織（APEC）、上海合作組織（SCO）、亞信會(huì)議（CICA）、中國(guó)-東盟“10+1”、亞歐會(huì)議（ASEM）、歐亞經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)盟、大湄公河次區(qū)域（GMS）經(jīng)濟(jì)合作、博鰲亞洲論壇等。在利用和整合現(xiàn)有多邊機(jī)制基礎(chǔ)上，探索發(fā)起建立“亞歐互聯(lián)互通”多邊合作機(jī)制和平臺(tái)。應(yīng)當(dāng)使亞歐互聯(lián)互通和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈合作對(duì)話會(huì)機(jī)制化,成立理事會(huì)、對(duì)話咨詢委員會(huì)和秘書處，召開年會(huì)、研討會(huì)以及其它學(xué)術(shù)討論會(huì)，討論亞歐互聯(lián)互通和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈合作領(lǐng)域的重要問(wèn)題，提出地區(qū)性或全球性的倡議。

第二，推進(jìn)貿(mào)易與投資的自由化和便利化，推動(dòng)建立亞歐自由貿(mào)易區(qū)。消除投資和貿(mào)易壁壘，構(gòu)建區(qū)域內(nèi)和各國(guó)良好的營(yíng)商環(huán)境，積極推進(jìn)國(guó)家和地區(qū)共同商建自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，激發(fā)釋放合作潛力。亞歐國(guó)家宜加強(qiáng)信息互換、監(jiān)管互認(rèn)、執(zhí)法互助的海關(guān)合作，以及檢驗(yàn)檢疫、認(rèn)證認(rèn)可、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)量、統(tǒng)計(jì)信息等方面的雙多邊合作。推進(jìn)建立統(tǒng)一的全程運(yùn)輸協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)制，達(dá)到“一次通關(guān)、一次查驗(yàn)、一次放行”的便捷通關(guān)目標(biāo)，降低國(guó)際運(yùn)輸成本和提高貿(mào)易物流便利化水平。加強(qiáng)供應(yīng)鏈安全與便利化合作，推進(jìn)跨境監(jiān)管程序協(xié)調(diào)，推動(dòng)檢驗(yàn)檢疫證書國(guó)際互聯(lián)網(wǎng)核查，開展“經(jīng)認(rèn)證的經(jīng)營(yíng)者”（AEO）互認(rèn)。遵守世界貿(mào)易組織有關(guān)規(guī)則的基礎(chǔ)上開展區(qū)域性合作，建立高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、寬領(lǐng)域的亞歐自由貿(mào)易區(qū)，形成歐亞大陸經(jīng)濟(jì)整合新格局，進(jìn)一步完善全球政治經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序。

第三，建立亞歐國(guó)家和地區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)互動(dòng)和互補(bǔ)機(jī)制。亞歐國(guó)家共同優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈分工布局，推動(dòng)上下游產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和關(guān)聯(lián)產(chǎn)業(yè)協(xié)同發(fā)展，鼓勵(lì)建立研發(fā)、生產(chǎn)和營(yíng)銷體系，提升區(qū)域產(chǎn)業(yè)配套能力和綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。亞歐國(guó)家應(yīng)加強(qiáng)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策協(xié)調(diào)，交流產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃，研究成立亞歐產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈合作平臺(tái)、產(chǎn)業(yè)投資基金等，推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈合作，重點(diǎn)在智慧制造、大數(shù)據(jù)、云計(jì)算、移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、節(jié)能減排、環(huán)保、新能源等領(lǐng)域開展全產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈合作，攜手推進(jìn)亞歐經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。要發(fā)揮好亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行在亞歐互聯(lián)互通中的作用，為亞歐乃至全球基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和項(xiàng)目提供融資保障。

第四，強(qiáng)化政府間合作交流機(jī)制。亞歐國(guó)家發(fā)展水平參差不齊、利益訴求各異、國(guó)家間關(guān)系錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜。各自經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和對(duì)策進(jìn)行交流，本著求同存異的原則，亞歐國(guó)家應(yīng)通力合作，穩(wěn)步形成互動(dòng)的戰(zhàn)略謀劃和戰(zhàn)略布局，在各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作，互通有無(wú)、優(yōu)勢(shì)互補(bǔ)，共享機(jī)遇、共迎挑戰(zhàn)，實(shí)現(xiàn)共同發(fā)展、共同繁榮，形成互利共贏合作的“最大公約數(shù)”。在形成高度共識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，構(gòu)建雙邊為主、多邊為輔的政府間交流機(jī)制。各國(guó)應(yīng)堅(jiān)持團(tuán)結(jié)互信、平等互利、包容互鑒、合作共贏的原則，加強(qiáng)溝通與協(xié)調(diào)，共同制定合作藍(lán)圖，積極落實(shí)各項(xiàng)任務(wù)，定期評(píng)估進(jìn)展情況。

第五，加強(qiáng)智庫(kù)合作與交流。亞歐合作涉及方方面面的問(wèn)題，形成發(fā)展和合作共識(shí)，不僅需要政府的推動(dòng)，更需要得到亞歐各國(guó)人民的理解和支持，需要通過(guò)民間更多的交流，增加共信、共識(shí)、共知和共贏。民間和企業(yè)之間的交流活動(dòng)，可以對(duì)政府間交流與合作形成有益的補(bǔ)充。要加強(qiáng)亞歐各國(guó)智庫(kù)、企業(yè)家、研究機(jī)構(gòu)、學(xué)者和人民團(tuán)體之間的交往，全方位、多角度了解彼此的重大關(guān)切、文化脈絡(luò)、政策走向，夯實(shí)戰(zhàn)略互信基礎(chǔ)。要加強(qiáng)亞歐智庫(kù)之間關(guān)于亞歐互聯(lián)互通和產(chǎn)業(yè)對(duì)接的探討與交流，定期開展對(duì)話論壇，聯(lián)合開展研究。

Although there are differences in the level of development,political institution and cultural background among Asian countries,the pursuit of social stability,economic growth and people’s happiness has always been their common purpose.Since the shared emphasis on the enhancement of regional connectivity was put forward by heads of state in the 9th ASEM,the demands of promoting the connectivity and the industrial connection between Asia and Europe have been increasing.The communication and cooperation between the two will be enhanced with the promotion and implementation of the “Belt and Road”strategy.Just as premier Li Keqiang mentioned in the speech at the 10thASEM in 2014,“Although we are in the same continent,the geographical restriction has hindered the communication among countries in Asia and Europe and both are eager for connectivity since it is the source of prosperity.China plans to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road and wishes to cooperate with other countries in building infrastructure of Eurasian continent,forging connectivity network,deepening the regional cooperation and promoting the development of all countries.”The Industrial Dialogue of Asia-Europe connectivity will be held in Chongqing this year on March 27 to 28 and it will concentrate on strengthening the construction of the Asia-Europe connectivity,enhancing industrial cooperation,promoting the effective circulation of commodities,services,capitals and labors among regions,facilitating the trade and investment,removing the bottleneck of regional integration,working out and sharing the strategies.

To promote Asia-Europe connectivity,efforts have to be made in the establishment of long-term institutional arrangements to facilitate the foundation of a wide and everlasting cooperation mechanism of all parities in the fields of commercial trade,cultural communication,energy sharing,security control,ecological protection,supply of public materials and so on.Countries should be involved as many as possible and the coverage of cooperation fields is supposed to be expanded for further collaboration.

Firstly,the existing multi-lateral cooperation mechanism should be fully utilized while new approaches should also be established.The existing multi-lateral cooperation mechanisms and platforms,including APEC,SCO,CICA,China-ASEAN (10 plus 1),ASEM,Eurasian Economic Union,GMS and BFA should not only be fully employed,improved and integrated but also interconnected with each other.Based on this,efforts should be put in the establishment of the multilateral cooperation mechanism and platform of “Asia-Europe connectivity”.The institutionalization of the dialogue of Asia-Europe connectivity and industrial chain cooperation should be propelled,specified as establishing the council,dialogue advisory committee and secretariat,holding annual meetings,seminars and other academic colloquiums so as to discuss the important issues in the Asia-Europe connectivity and the industrial chain cooperation and put forward regional or global proposals.

Secondly,the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment should be promoted to fuel the establishment of the Asia-Europe Free Trade Zone.The barrier of trade and investment should be removed and the business climate both regionally and globally should be constructed.Common discussions among countries and regions should be actively carried out to build the free trade zone by collective efforts and thus the cooperative potential will be triggered.Customs cooperation among countries in Asia and Europe should be enhanced in aspects like information exchange,mutualrecognition of regulation and mutual-assistance of law enforcement just the same as those with the bi-and multi-lateral cooperation in fields like inspection and quarantine,certification and accreditation,standard measuring and information counting.To reach the goal of facilitating customs clearance,which is supposed to be “one declaration,one inspection and one release”,a unified full-course transport coordination mechanism should be established and the international transportation costs should be lowered while the facilitation level of trade logistics should be raised.The cooperation that is designed to enhance the safety of supply chain and facilitation and the promotion of both procedure coordination of the crossborder supervision and internet verification of inspection and quarantine certificates should also be implemented as well as AEO mutual recognition.Regional cooperation should be carried out on the premise of abiding by the related principles of WTO and a high-standard and wide-ranging Asia-Europe free trade zone should be forged to formulate the new pattern of the economic integration of Eurasia and further improve the global political and economic orders.

Thirdly,the industrial interactive and complementary mechanism in countries and regions in Asia and Europe should be established.Countries in Asia and Europe should put collected efforts in optimizing the layout of labor-division in industry chain and promoting the balanced development of the overall industry chain and related industries.The foundation of the systems of R＆D,production and marketing should be encouraged to strengthen the matching ability and overall competitiveness of regional industries.They should also enhance their coordination in macro-economic policies and exchange ideas about industrial development planning.The establishment of the cooperative platform of Asia-Europe industry chain as well as the industrial investment funds should be discussed.The cooperation of the industry chain with the focus putting on the pan-industry chain cooperation in fields like intelligent manufacturing,big data,cloud computing,mobile internet,energy conservation and emission reduction,environment protection and new energy should be promoted.Countries in this area should devote their joint efforts to the promotion of the sustainable development of Asia-Europe economy.The role of AIIB should be fully played in the connectivity of Asia and Europe to offer the financing safeguard for the infrastructure and projects in Eurasia even the world.

Fourthly,the communicative mechanism among governments is supposed to be enhanced.Since there are differences in the level of development and interest appeal in Asian and European countries and the relation among them are complicated,the principle of “seeking common ground while reserving differences”should be carried out in their communication of strategies of promoting economic growth.Asian and European countries have to work together to found the interactive strategic scheme and layout.Pragmatic cooperation should be implemented in all fields and countries have to exchange for their needs and make their respective advantages complementary to each other.Opportunities should be shared and challenges should be met by joint efforts.All above are conductive to achieving the best result of the mutually beneficial cooperation.On the basis of the high consensus,an inter-governmental communication mechanism,which is “bilateral as dominating while multi-lateral as supplementary”,will be established.Principles of solidarity and mutual trust,equality and mutual benefit,tolerance and mutual-learning,win-win cooperation should be upheld.Communication and coordination should be strengthened and the blueprint of cooperation should be drawn by joint efforts.Asian and European countries should also proactively commit all the obligations and evaluate the progress regularly.

Finally,the think-tank cooperation and communication should be reinforced.To have further development and cooperation consensus,not only the promotion launched by government is necessary,but also the understanding and support from people of Asian and European countries are needed since the cooperation between the two parties involves many common aspects.It’s supposed to be more frequent non-governmental exchange to enhance the trust,identity,understanding and benefit in a mutual way.The communication between the public and enterprises can work as a sound supplementary to the communication and cooperation among governments.Communications among think-tanks,entrepreneurs,research institutions,scholars and non-governmental organizations of all Asian and European countries should be strengthened for the mutual awareness of important events,cultural context and policy trend in a comprehensive and multi-perspective way.Thus,the strategic base of mutual trust can be consolidated.Conservation between the think-tanks of the two parties about the Asia-Europe connectivity and industrial connection should be enhanced and the periodical dialogue forum and joint research should also be essential.