胡明品 李興旺 吳國偉 陳小玲 鹿文青 李寶青
1.溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院育英兒童醫(yī)院麻醉科,浙江溫州325027;2.溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院育英兒童醫(yī)院小兒心胸外科,浙江溫州325027;3.溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院育英兒童醫(yī)院檢驗科,浙江溫州325027
烏司他丁對嬰幼兒體外循環(huán)中sICAM-1及vWF的影響
胡明品1李興旺1吳國偉2陳小玲1鹿文青1李寶青3
1.溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院育英兒童醫(yī)院麻醉科,浙江溫州325027;2.溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院育英兒童醫(yī)院小兒心胸外科,浙江溫州325027;3.溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第二醫(yī)院育英兒童醫(yī)院檢驗科,浙江溫州325027
目的探討嬰幼兒體外循環(huán)(CPB)對可溶性細(xì)胞間黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)和血管性假性血友病因子(vWF)水平影響及烏司他丁干預(yù)性治療效果。方法選擇2014年5月~2015年4月?lián)衿趮胗變盒膬?nèi)直視手術(shù)48例,隨機分為烏司他?。║)組24例,對照組(C)組24例。前者在體外循環(huán)預(yù)充液中加入1萬U/kg烏司他丁。分別于麻醉誘導(dǎo)后切皮前(T0)、CPB開始后30 min(T1)、CPB結(jié)束時(T2)、CPB結(jié)束后3 h(T3)、CPB結(jié)束后24 h(T4)等5個時間點于橈動脈抽取動脈血,測定血漿中sICAM-1、vWF的濃度。結(jié)果與T0比較,C組患兒在T1~T4時的sICAM-1和vWF血漿濃度明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),U組患兒在T1~T2時的sICAM-1和vWF血漿濃度較T0時明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);與C組比較,U組在T1~T4各時間點的血漿sICAM-1和vWF的濃度明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。結(jié)論給予ULI 10000 U/kg干預(yù)后,血漿sICAM-1和vWF水平明顯降低,對CPB中嬰幼兒血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞具有保護(hù)作用。
烏司他?。粙胗變?;體外循環(huán);細(xì)胞黏附分子;von Willebrand因子
小兒體外循環(huán)(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)是一個非生理學(xué)過程,能夠誘發(fā)機體產(chǎn)生全身炎癥反應(yīng),導(dǎo)致重要器官如心肺的不同程度損傷,延遲患兒的術(shù)后康復(fù),嚴(yán)重者可導(dǎo)致患兒多器官衰竭,甚至死亡[1,2]。近年來人們對烏司他丁(ulinastatin,ULI)減輕CPB所致炎癥反應(yīng)及肺損傷進(jìn)行了大量研究[3-6],但對嬰幼兒CPB時可溶性細(xì)胞間黏附分子-1(cell adhesion molecules,sICAM-1)和血管性假性血友病因子(von Willebrand factor,vWF)水平影響的報道尚少,本研究旨在探討ULI是否能減輕嬰幼兒CPB時血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的激活和破壞?,F(xiàn)將結(jié)果報道如下。
1.1 研究對象
選擇2014年5月~2015年4月在我院小兒心胸外科接受擇期先天性心臟病手術(shù)的患兒48例,男31例,女17例,年齡6~36個月,體重7~17 kg。均經(jīng)超聲心動圖確診為房室水平左向右分流型先心病,其中房間隔缺損7例,室間隔缺損31例,房間隔缺損合并室間隔缺損10例,無其他合并癥。按隨機數(shù)字表法隨機分為對照組(C組)24例,烏司他丁組(廣東天普生化醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,10萬U/支,產(chǎn)品批號:031308123)(U組)24例。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),患兒父母或監(jiān)護(hù)人均簽署知情同意書,兩組一般情況比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。
表1 兩組患兒一般情況比較(±s,n=24)
表1 兩組患兒一般情況比較(±s,n=24)
組別年齡(月)C組U組體重(k g)主動脈阻斷時(m i n)C P B時間(m i n)呼吸機支持時間(h)住院時間(d)t值P 1 7.3 3 ± 5.8 1 1 7.2 5 ± 5.5 6 0.0 3 5 0.9 1 2 1 0.7 5 ± 2.7 2 1 0.9 1 ± 3.2 2 0.1 9 3 0.8 4 8 2 8.5 8 ± 6.6 7 2 8.6 7 ± 6.2 9 0.0 4 5 0.9 6 5 5 1.0 0 ± 7.8 2 4 9.4 2 ± 7.3 4 0.7 2 3 0.4 7 3 7.7 1 ± 1.0 7 7.6 3 ± 1.0 2 0.3 7 2 0.7 1 2 9.9 2 ± 0.8 8 9.6 3 ± 0.7 1 1.2 6 3 0.2 1 3
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
CPB中血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的釋放受溫度、血氧分壓、CPB時間等因素的影響,為了減少各種因素對測定指標(biāo)的影響,規(guī)定了以下病例納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡在6~36個月之間先心病患兒;②經(jīng)心臟多普勒測得肺動脈壓力均≤30 mmHg;③肝腎功能無異常,無上呼吸道感染,未使用激素及免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑和抗凝治療等;④體溫在36.5℃~37.5℃(耳溫)之間。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)心臟多普勒測得肺動脈壓力≥30 mmHg;②患兒有明顯的血流動力學(xué)障礙;③體溫低于36.5℃或高于37.5℃;④有嚴(yán)重的上呼吸道感染,或使用激素及免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑治療。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 麻醉與CPB所有患兒均經(jīng)口氣管插管采用以芬太尼為主的靜吸復(fù)合麻醉。麻醉誘導(dǎo):咪達(dá)唑侖0.1 mg/kg、維庫溴銨0.1 mg/kg、芬太尼(5~10)μg/kg靜注;麻醉維持:全過程泵注丙泊酚(2~3)mg/(kg·h),并分別于切皮、CPB開始前靜注咪達(dá)唑侖(0.1~0.3)mg/kg+芬太尼(5~10)μg/kg+維庫溴銨0.05 mg/kg,同時根據(jù)麻醉深度和血流動力學(xué)變化適當(dāng)復(fù)合吸入七氟醚。采用美國Sarns 8000型CPB機、百特OXIM-Plus膜式氧合器、1/4管道及無血預(yù)充技術(shù),預(yù)充液用乳酸林格氏液作為基礎(chǔ)液,按(0.5~1.5)g/kg量加入20%甘露醇,按2 mg/100 mL劑量加入肝素。按3 mg/kg劑量行全身肝素化后,常規(guī)插管建立CPB,術(shù)中檢測激活全血凝固時間(ACT)>480 s,停機后按1.5∶1比例以魚精蛋白中和體內(nèi)的肝素。
1.3.2 用藥方法U組使用ULI 1萬U/kg,于CPB開始后直接加入預(yù)充液中,C組除用生理鹽水替代ULI外,其他條件均相同。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
分別于麻醉誘導(dǎo)后切皮前(T0)、CPB開始后30 min(T1)、CPB結(jié)束時(T2)、CPB結(jié)束后3 h(T3)、CPB結(jié)束后24 h(T4)于橈動脈抽取動脈血1.8 mL置于含有枸櫞酸的抗凝管中,立即以3000 r/min離心10 min,取上清液1 mL分別置于2個EP管中,放入-80℃冰箱中以備檢測vWF、sICAM-1濃度(上海酶聯(lián)生物科技有限公司)。由于CPB期間血液稀釋程度不斷發(fā)生變化,為排除其對測定值的影響,兩組不同時段的測定結(jié)果均由HCT校正,公式為:校正值=(實測值×術(shù)前HCT)/實測HCT。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 13.0軟件包進(jìn)行分析,計量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,采用重復(fù)測量方差分析和獨立樣本t檢驗進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
與C組比較,U組在T1~T4各時間點的血漿sICAM-1和vWF的濃度明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);與T0比較,C組患兒在T1~T4時的血漿sICAM-1和vWF濃度較基礎(chǔ)值顯著升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);U組患兒在T1~T2時的血漿sICAM-1和vWF濃度較T0時明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),在T3~T4時與T0時比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。C組患兒血漿sICAM-1和vWF濃度在T0~T4各時間點之間比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01);U組患兒血漿sICAM-1和vWF濃度在T2~T3時間點與T1、T4時間點之間兩兩比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01或P<0.05),在T0、T3、T4時間點之間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2、3。
表2 兩組患兒sICAM-1濃度變化(±s,μg/L)
表2 兩組患兒sICAM-1濃度變化(±s,μg/L)
組別n T0T1T2T3T4F值P值C組U組t值P 2 4 2 4 1 . 0 4 ± 0 . 2 4 1 . 0 6 ± 0 . 2 3 0 . 2 7 9 0 . 7 8 2 2 . 0 2 ± 0 . 3 8 1 . 4 1 ± 0 . 2 4 6 . 5 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 2 . 2 1 ± 0 . 3 5 1 . 6 1 ± 0 . 3 3 6 . 0 5 1 0 . 0 0 0 1 . 7 3 ± 0 . 3 9 1 . 1 2 ± 0 . 2 7 6 . 3 5 8 0 . 0 0 0 1 . 5 4 ± 0 . 3 7 0 . 9 7 ± 0 . 2 3 6 . 4 0 6 0 . 0 0 0 6 1 . 6 2 4 2 3 . 9 0 3 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0
表3 兩組患兒vWF濃度變化(±s,U/mL)
表3 兩組患兒vWF濃度變化(±s,U/mL)
組別n T0T1T2T3T4F值P值C組U組t值P 2 4 2 4 0 . 9 5 ± 0 . 1 7 0 . 9 6 ± 0 . 2 2 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 9 5 3 1 . 6 9 ± 0 . 4 8 1 . 1 7 ± 0 . 3 3 4 . 3 7 3 0 . 0 0 0 1 . 8 7 ± 0 . 5 0 1 . 3 9 ± 0 . 4 1 3 . 6 0 3 0 . 0 0 1 1 . 5 1 ± 0 . 4 9 1 . 0 7 ± 0 . 3 4 3 . 5 6 5 0 . 0 0 1 1 . 4 0 ± 0 . 4 5 0 . 9 7 ± 0 . 1 9 4 . 2 2 9 0 . 0 0 0 2 3 . 4 4 9 9 . 5 0 8 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0
CPB是常見的引起明顯全身炎性反應(yīng)的外科情況,小兒先天性心臟病心內(nèi)直視手術(shù)大多在CPB下進(jìn)行。在嬰幼兒期,由于效應(yīng)器官的功能發(fā)育尚不夠成熟(如肺循環(huán)),更容易出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重肺部并發(fā)癥[7]。因此怎樣能有效的避免和減少由此帶來的不良反應(yīng),適時應(yīng)用藥物干預(yù),對預(yù)防和減輕肺損傷具有重要的臨床意義[8,9]。ULI是廣譜、高效的多種蛋白酶抑制劑,有抑制細(xì)胞炎癥介質(zhì)釋放、穩(wěn)定細(xì)胞膜、保護(hù)器官功能及促進(jìn)組織修復(fù)等作用[10-12]。最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ULI能夠抑制多型核粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶的活性,對肺功能起保護(hù)作用[13,14],但目前關(guān)于ULI能否抑制嬰幼兒CPB過程中血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的激活和破壞及肺功能有無保護(hù)作用尚需深入研究[15,16]。
血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞是合成和分泌sICAM-1的主要場所,CPB后,血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞受到激活/損傷,大量炎性介質(zhì)及細(xì)胞因子可通過信息傳導(dǎo)使血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞合成sICAM-1增多,也可由于血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞膜損傷,通透性增加,導(dǎo)致sICAM-1釋放增加,故sICAM-1濃度的升高可以作為血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷或激活的標(biāo)志[17,18]。在炎癥反應(yīng)過程中,抑制sICAM-1的過度表達(dá)可減輕肺損傷[19]。本研究結(jié)果表明CPB開始后兩組血漿sICAM-1濃度呈進(jìn)行性升高,在CPB結(jié)束時其量達(dá)到最大值;CPB結(jié)束后3 h和24 h兩組均有所下降,但C組sIcAM-1濃度仍較CPB前顯著升高,說明CPB可以引起術(shù)后細(xì)胞黏附分子表達(dá)增加,使其血漿濃度升高,導(dǎo)致全身炎癥反應(yīng)加重及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。U組在CPB開始后30 min和CPB結(jié)束時血漿sICAM-1的上升規(guī)律雖然與C組相似,但上升幅度較緩慢且停CPB后下降明顯,特別是在CPB開始后30 min至CPB結(jié)束后24 h各時間點均明顯低于對照組,說明給予ULI 10000 U/kg干預(yù)后,血漿sICAM-1水平明顯降低,顯著減輕了中性粒細(xì)胞與血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的粘附及減輕血管內(nèi)皮損傷,表明ULI能部分減少CPB中血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的激活和破壞,對CPB中嬰幼兒血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞具有保護(hù)作用。這與Tanaka R等[20]的研究結(jié)果相一致。
vWF是由血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、巨核細(xì)胞合成的,其中內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞是血漿vWF的主要來源。研究認(rèn)為血漿中vWF的增加是內(nèi)皮損傷的重要標(biāo)志,反應(yīng)了內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷的嚴(yán)重程度[21]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,CPB后,兩組血漿vWF含量均呈顯著增加,CPB結(jié)束時達(dá)到高峰,CPB結(jié)束后3 h和24 h兩組均有所下降,但C組vWF濃度較CPB前顯著升高,說明CPB能引起內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷,導(dǎo)致微血栓的形成。U組在CPB開始后30 min和CPB結(jié)束時血漿vWF含量的上升規(guī)律雖然與C組相似,但上升幅度較緩慢且停CPB后下降明顯,自CPB開始后30 min后至CPB結(jié)束后24 h各時點血漿vWF含量均明顯低于對照組,說明ULI可以部分抑制炎癥介質(zhì)的過度釋放,減輕血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷,保護(hù)微循環(huán)功能,從而穩(wěn)定了內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞膜。
綜上所述,ULI通過抑制血漿ICAM-1和vWF過度表達(dá),減輕嬰幼兒CPB中血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞被激活和破壞,從而起到保護(hù)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的作用。但單用ULI尚不能完全避免CPB中內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的損害,仍需要進(jìn)一步聯(lián)合其他措施加強對血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞影響的研究。
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Effect of ulinastatin on plasma levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,von Willebrand factor during cardiopulmonaey bypass in infants
HU Mingpin1LI Xingwang1WU Guowei2CHEN Xiaoling1LU Wenqing1LI Baoqing3
1.Department of Anesthesiology,the 2nd Affiliated Hospital&Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou325027,China;2.Department of Children Cardiothoracic Surgery,the 2nd Affiliated Hospital& Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou325027,China;3.Department of Clinical Laboratory,the 2nd Affiliated Hospital&Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University,Wenzhou325027, China
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ulinastatin on plasma levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,von Willebrand factor during cardiopulmonaey bypass and the effect of ulinastatin on vascular endothelial cell in CPB.MethodsA total of 48 infants undergoing open-h(huán)eart surgery under CPB form May 2014 to April 2015 were selected in our hospital.Infants were randomly divided into control group(group C,n=24)and ulinastatin group (group U,n=24)in which infants received ulinastatin 10000 U/kg.Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and vWF were measureed before CPB(T0),30 min after the start of CPB(T1),at the end of CPB(T2),3 h(T3)after termination of CPB and 24 h(T4)after termination of CPB.ResultsThe concentrations of sICAM-1 and vWF were significantly increased during CPB as compared with the baseline values at T0in group C,the difference was statically significant(P<0.01).However,the concentrations of sICAM-1 and vWF at T1and T2increased more significantly than that at T0in group U, the difference was statically significant(P<0.01).Compared with control group,these indexes were much lower in group U at T1to T4,the difference was statically significant(P<0.01).ConclusionGiven ULI 10000 U/kg after the intervention,the plasma sICAM-1 and vWF are obviously reduced,the CPB in endothelial cells plays a protective role in infants.
Ulinastatin;Infant;Cardiopulmonary bypass;Cell adhesion molecules;von Willebrand factor
R726.5
A
1673-9701(2015)27-0001-04
2015-06-03)
浙江省省級公益性技術(shù)應(yīng)用研究計劃項目(2012 C33113)