周申蓓++杜阿敏
摘要近年來,我國流域水資源系統(tǒng)退化問題日趨嚴重。水質(zhì)惡化、水生態(tài)環(huán)境退化以及突發(fā)性水危機事件常態(tài)化等,使得流域水資源反退化能力建設(shè)備受重視。環(huán)太湖區(qū)域作為率先進入現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的示范區(qū),太湖水資源反退化能力建設(shè)是區(qū)域現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的重要組成部分。為提升太湖流域水資源反退化能力,從水資源供需管理視角出發(fā),構(gòu)建了供需兩側(cè)流域水資源反退化能力評價指標體系,應(yīng)用全排列綜合圖示法分析了2001-2012年太湖流域供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力綜合發(fā)展指數(shù)、發(fā)展演變速度及其變化原因,以二維空間矩陣形式對流域水資源反退化能力進行了綜合評價。結(jié)果表明:近10年來,太湖流域供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力綜合發(fā)展指數(shù)總體呈上升趨勢,自2006年起,需求側(cè)一直高于供給側(cè),供需兩側(cè)正向協(xié)調(diào)作用沒有很好地顯現(xiàn);流域反退化能力發(fā)展演變速度總體波動較大,由于社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、用水效率以及污染治理等因素變化,個別年份需求側(cè)水資源反退化能力出現(xiàn)下降現(xiàn)象;在供水管理方面,自然生態(tài)環(huán)境的退化是導(dǎo)致供給側(cè)水資源反退化能力下降的主要原因?;谏鲜鼋Y(jié)論,分別從供水管理和需水管理角度提出了增強太湖流水資源反退化能力的對策和建議。
關(guān)鍵詞水資源反退化;水資源供需管理;全排列綜合圖示法;太湖流域
中圖分類號X22文獻標識碼A文章編號1002-2104(2014)12-0125-07doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2014.12.017
太湖流域作為我國經(jīng)濟社會最發(fā)達的區(qū)域之一,已經(jīng)開始邁入現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)的轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展時期,資源環(huán)境的可持續(xù)保護和發(fā)展將成為該區(qū)域未來發(fā)展的主題之一[1]。環(huán)太湖地區(qū)作為全國率先實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的建設(shè)示范區(qū),優(yōu)越的水資源自然條件是區(qū)域社會經(jīng)濟快速發(fā)展的根本保障。然而,隨著流域社會經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展及環(huán)境治理相對滯后,水資源日漸退化并由此引發(fā)了一系列的生態(tài)與環(huán)境問題。從1990年的上海清草沙水庫的論證,到2000年的零點行動,再到2007年后的無錫藍藻多次爆發(fā),太湖的水污染治理問題一直是社會各界關(guān)注的熱點。2001年太湖流域河流水質(zhì)劣V類比例占13.7%,至2007年劣V類水質(zhì)比例已達64.7%,2012年湖泊總體水質(zhì)呈劣V類。由于富營養(yǎng)化的影響,時至今日,太湖湖體已經(jīng)由草型湖泊轉(zhuǎn)化為藻型湖泊,水環(huán)境容量和自凈能力均出現(xiàn)下降趨勢,太湖水體已經(jīng)隱現(xiàn)退化憂患。同時,這種退化在社會生產(chǎn)的過程中也越來越被民眾所感知,人們逐步習(xí)慣于各類突發(fā)性水污染事件的發(fā)生。
水資源系統(tǒng)退化是水資源過度耗散或降級后在相當長時間內(nèi)無法自我修復(fù)或再生而出現(xiàn)的環(huán)境惡化過程,并導(dǎo)致了水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的崩潰及野生生物的消失。因自然因素導(dǎo)致水資源的退化過程極其緩慢,一般至少需要數(shù)世紀的退化過程,但自工業(yè)革命以來由于人類活動導(dǎo)致水土資源退化的現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)引起全世界的廣泛關(guān)注。為應(yīng)對水資源系統(tǒng)退化的風(fēng)險,美國率先將反退化的思想作為清潔水法的基礎(chǔ)和核心[2]。從最嚴格水資源管理的三條紅線開始,我國水資源反退化的實踐與研究才剛剛起步,但現(xiàn)實中的水資源退化問題已經(jīng)迫在眉睫。目前,水資源反退化能力尚是一個外延模糊的概念。結(jié)合相關(guān)研究[2-4],水資源反退化能力是指人類通過調(diào)整自身水事行為促使水資源系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)和保持健康狀態(tài),維持和提升水資源自然子系統(tǒng)在通量和質(zhì)量上對水資源社會子系統(tǒng)支持功能的能力。由于人類社會經(jīng)濟性活動對水資源系統(tǒng)的功能支撐和機能影響是多方面、多層次的,因此,影響水資源系統(tǒng)反退化能力的因素也相當復(fù)雜。如何設(shè)計考慮影響水資源系統(tǒng)反退化能力眾多因素的評價方法,為提升水資源反退化能力提供有效的管理支撐,仍是一個任重道遠的過程。
水資源供需管理理論為研究水資源反退化能力影響因素和提升水資源反退化能力提供了一個新的視角。水資源供需管理理論認為,對于特定的區(qū)域或流域,水資源管理過程應(yīng)包括對供給側(cè)和需求側(cè)兩側(cè)的管理過程,并分別對應(yīng)供水管理和需水管理。供水管理主要指人們應(yīng)按照自然規(guī)律從自然界取水,基本原則是確保水資源的可持續(xù)開發(fā)和保護;需水管理主要指人們從自然側(cè)取得水資源后,按照政治、經(jīng)濟和社會系統(tǒng)的運行規(guī)律進行多層水資源配置,強調(diào)對進入不同社會生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的生產(chǎn)關(guān)系中的水資源進行管理,包括對各種形態(tài)和品質(zhì)的水產(chǎn)品及其副產(chǎn)品的管理[5]?;谒Y源供需管理理論,流域水資源反退化能力可認為是在供水管理過程和需水管理過程中共同實現(xiàn)的,是供水管理過程和需水管理過程中形成的水資源反退化能力。因此,流域水資源反退化能力建設(shè)可以通過提高水資源供需管理能力來實現(xiàn)。通過供水管理,自然側(cè)向社會側(cè)提供可持續(xù)的水資源量,是水資源系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ);通過需水管理,社會側(cè)對自然側(cè)提供的水資源進行合理優(yōu)化配置,并對有害的副產(chǎn)品減量化和無害化,為維系流域水資源系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定提供能量支撐。流域水資源反退化能力由水資源供需管理過程中供給側(cè)與需求側(cè)各種影響因素共同決定。
鑒于此,本文選取近年來經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展迅速、水資源退化問題日益突出的太湖流域為研究對象,分別對供給側(cè)和需求側(cè)分析流域水資源反退化能力影響因素和構(gòu)建評價指標體系,從流域供給側(cè)和需求側(cè)兩個方面對太湖流域水資源反退化能力進行綜合評價,并討論提升流域水資源反退化能力的途徑。
1方法與數(shù)據(jù)
1.1研究方法
1.1.1全排列多邊形綜合圖示法
全排列綜合圖示法是由我國學(xué)者吳瓊等在對生態(tài)城市指標體系與評價方法的研究中提出的一種指標綜合評價方法[6]。該評價方法的代數(shù)計算結(jié)果考慮了各級指標臨界值對綜合指標的放大和緊縮效應(yīng),因而能夠充分反映整體大于或者小于部分之和的系統(tǒng)整合原理。同時,該方法還可通過簡單圖示反映系統(tǒng)利導(dǎo)因子和限制因子,即反映系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)當前狀態(tài)的具體原因。目前,全排列綜合圖示法被廣泛應(yīng)用于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評價[7]、城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展評價[8]、水質(zhì)綜合評價[9]以及水環(huán)境安全評價[10]等領(lǐng)域。一般而言,該方法不設(shè)置指標權(quán)重參數(shù),只依據(jù)實測數(shù)據(jù)確定與決策相關(guān)的上限、下限和臨界值,減少了賦權(quán)的主觀性[8-10]。Jiasheng Jin等曾嘗試引入權(quán)重參數(shù)對原方法進行修正,但同時認為采用群組決策的方法設(shè)置權(quán)重使得研究過程無法避免主觀干擾[11]。為降低主觀干擾性,同時為使圖示更加直觀和真實地反映系統(tǒng)利導(dǎo)因子和限制因子,本研究沿用吳瓊等最初提出的全排列綜合圖示法進行研究。本研究選用全排列綜合圖示法對太湖流域水資源反退化能力進行評價研究,不但可以綜合分析2001-2012年太湖流域供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力綜合發(fā)展指數(shù)及其發(fā)展演變速度的宏觀狀態(tài),還可以定量分析不同微觀因子對水資源系統(tǒng)反退化能力的影響程度。
周申蓓等:基于供需管理的太湖流域水資源反退化能力研究中國人口·資源與環(huán)境2014年第12期全排列多邊形綜合圖示法中,設(shè)共有n個指標(標準化后的值),以這些指標的上限值為半徑構(gòu)成一個中心n邊形,各指標值的連線構(gòu)成一個不規(guī)則中心n邊形,這個不規(guī)則中心n邊形的頂點是n個指標的一個首尾相接的全排列,n個指標總共可以構(gòu)成3結(jié)論與建議
對太湖流域2001-2012年供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力綜合發(fā)展指數(shù)、發(fā)展演變速度及原因分析結(jié)果表明:①近10年來,太湖流域供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力綜合發(fā)展指數(shù)總體呈上升趨勢,且自2006年起,需求側(cè)一直高于供給側(cè);②太湖流域供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力發(fā)展演化速度總體波動較大,個別年份出現(xiàn)負增長,且供給側(cè)出現(xiàn)負增長頻率和幅度均高于需求側(cè);③太湖流域相關(guān)部門在注重和加強需求側(cè)排污控制管理時,在經(jīng)濟投入、提高用水效率和污染治理方面的工作卻相對滯后,是導(dǎo)致需求側(cè)水資源反退化能力出現(xiàn)負增長的主要原因;④太湖流域相關(guān)部門在水土保持建設(shè)、地下水開采控制、河流污染治理方面取得了一定的成效,但在生態(tài)建設(shè)方面卻相對滯后,水環(huán)境污染及水資源過度開發(fā)利用問題也沒有得到根本性的解決,是導(dǎo)致供給側(cè)水資源反退化能力出現(xiàn)負增長的主要原因。
根據(jù)上述分析,本研究認為,要提升太湖流域水資源反退化能力,可以從流域水資源供給側(cè)和需求側(cè)兩個方面尋求對策:
(1) 對于需求側(cè),太湖流域相關(guān)部門應(yīng)在鞏固提升工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及居民生活排污管控方面工作成果的同時,著重加強提高社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展水平、用水效率水平和污染治理等方面的工作。例如,可通過推行階梯水價和階梯排污費政策提高用水效率和排污管控水平,通過適度提高城市非生產(chǎn)生活用水比重改善流域水環(huán)境。
(2) 對于供給側(cè),太湖流域相關(guān)部門應(yīng)在鞏固提升水土保持建設(shè)、地下水開采控制、河流污染治理方面工作成果的同時,適當加強生態(tài)建設(shè)投入。例如,可以適當提高流域水保及生態(tài)投資比重,加強自然生態(tài)保護區(qū)的維護,合理提高生態(tài)用水比重,并適度降低水資源開發(fā)利用程度。從具體措施上,應(yīng)逐步扭轉(zhuǎn)主要依靠調(diào)水工程改善太湖水體水質(zhì)的不利局面,切實加強太湖流域反退化管理工作。
此外,值得注意的是,近10年來,太湖流域供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力在綜合發(fā)展指數(shù)和發(fā)展演變速度方面,供給側(cè)總體均劣于需求側(cè)。流域需水管理能力的提升為需求側(cè)水資源反退化能力的提升帶來了促進作用,但并沒有惠及供給側(cè)水資源反退化能力建設(shè),供給側(cè)反退化能力一直處于相對較低水平和波動狀態(tài)。從系統(tǒng)整體性、穩(wěn)定性以及供需均衡角度來說,這是不利于流域水資源反退化能力發(fā)展的。因此,太湖流域相關(guān)部門應(yīng)合理權(quán)衡流域供需兩側(cè)水資源反退化能力建設(shè)的投入力度,嚴格堅守“三條紅線”制度,強化水資源供需管理,并充分發(fā)揮需求側(cè)對供給側(cè)水資源反退化能力建設(shè)的正向協(xié)調(diào)作用,最終實現(xiàn)流域總體水資源反退化能力的提升。
(編輯: 常勇 )
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[8]李鋒,劉旭升,胡聃,等.城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展評價方法及其應(yīng)用[J].生態(tài)學(xué)報,2007,(11):4793-4802. [Li Feng, Liu Xusheng, Hu Dan, et al. Evaluation Method and Its Application for Urban Sustainable Development [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,(11):4793-4802.]
[9]龔艷冰,張繼國,梁雪春.基于全排列多邊形綜合圖示法的水質(zhì)評價[J].中國人口·資源與環(huán)境,2011,21(9):26-31. [Gong Yanbing, Zhang Jiguo, Liang Xuechun.Water Quality Assessment of East Route Based on Entirearraypolygon Evaluation Method [J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(9):26-31.]
[10]邱宇.汀江流域水環(huán)境安全評估[J].環(huán)境科學(xué)研究,2013,26(2):152-159. [Qiu yu.The Evaluation of the Tingjiang River Basin Water Environment Safety [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013, 26(2): 152-159.]
[11]Jiasheng Jin, Rusong Wang, Feng Li, et al. Conjugate Ecological Restoration Approach with a Case Study in Mentougou District, Beijing[J]. Environ Monit Assess, Ecological Complexity, 2011, (8):161-170.
[12]凌峰.最嚴格水資源管:經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇.[EB/OL]. 2012-05-04[2014-06-06] http://www.chinawater.com.cn/ztgz/hy/2012szyhy/6/201205/t20120504_220004.html. [Ling Feng. Most Stringent Water Management: Sustainable Economic and Social Development of the Inevitable Choice. [EB/OL]. 2012-05-04[2014-06-06] http://www.chinawater.com.cn/ztgz/hy/2012szyhy/6/201205/t20120504_220004.html.]
[13]袁偉,樓章華,田娟.富陽市水資源承載能力綜合評價[J].水利學(xué)報,2008,39(1):103-108. [Yuan Wei, Lou Zhanghua, Tian Juan. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Fuyang City[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2008, 39(1): 103-108.]
[14]邵磊,周孝德,楊方廷,等.基于主成分分析和熵權(quán)法的水資源承載能力及其演變趨勢評價方法[J].西安理工大學(xué)學(xué)報,2010,26(2):170-176. [Shao Lei, Zhou Xiaode, Yang Fangting, et al. Research on Water Resources Carrying Capacity and Evaluation Method of Evolution Tendency Based on Principal Components Analysis and Entropy Weight Method [J]. Journal of Xian University of Technology, 2010, 26(2): 170-176.]
Research on Water Antidegradation Capacity in Taihu Lake Basin Based on
Water Supply and Demand Management
ZHOU Shenbei1,2DU Amin1
(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211100, China;
2.School of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)
AbstractIn recent years, the degradation problems of Chinas water resources system have become more serious. Given the current concerns with water resources system degradation, such as water quality deterioration, water ecology system degradation, and water pollution emergency normalization water resources antidegradation capacity of river basin has been paid more attention. Taihu Lake basin is one of the modernization construction demonstration areas, and the water resources antidegradation capacity is a basis of the district modernization constructions. In order to enhance the water resources antidegradation capacity of Taihu Lake Basin, we set up a water resources antidegradation capacity evaluation model from the perspective of water demand and supply management, and use the full permutation polygon synthesis illustration method (FPPSI) to analyze the comprehensive development index, evolution speed and its changing reasons of water resources antidegradation capacity from 2001 to 2012. Two dimensional matrix is used to estimate the water resources antidegradation capacity comprehensively. The results show that comprehensive development index of the water resources antidegradation capacity is overall on the increase from the water demand and supply aspect in Taihu Lake Basin. Since 2006, the water resources antidegradation capacity in the water demand side has been higher than it is in the supply side, which indicates the positive coordination efficiency between the two sides is not significant. The evolution speed of the basin antidegradation capacity development varies with great fluctuation. The antidegradation capacity of water demand side descends in some years for the factors such as the socioeconomic development, waterusage efficiency and pollution treatment. The antidegradation capacity of water supply side descends because of ecology system degradation. Based on the conclusions mentioned above, the strategies and suggestions for enhancing water resources antidegradation capacity of Taihu Lake Basin are put forward from the perspective of the water demand and supply management.
Key wordswater antidegradation capacity; water supply and demand management; full permutation polygon synthesis illustration method; Taihu Lake Basin
[7]魏婷,吳長年.一種工業(yè)園區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價方法及其應(yīng)用[J].長江流域資源與環(huán)境,2007,16(5):680-684. [Wei Ting, Wu Changnian. An Ecosystem Health Assessment Method With Its Application in Industrial Parks [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2007, 16(5): 680-684.]
[8]李鋒,劉旭升,胡聃,等.城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展評價方法及其應(yīng)用[J].生態(tài)學(xué)報,2007,(11):4793-4802. [Li Feng, Liu Xusheng, Hu Dan, et al. Evaluation Method and Its Application for Urban Sustainable Development [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,(11):4793-4802.]
[9]龔艷冰,張繼國,梁雪春.基于全排列多邊形綜合圖示法的水質(zhì)評價[J].中國人口·資源與環(huán)境,2011,21(9):26-31. [Gong Yanbing, Zhang Jiguo, Liang Xuechun.Water Quality Assessment of East Route Based on Entirearraypolygon Evaluation Method [J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(9):26-31.]
[10]邱宇.汀江流域水環(huán)境安全評估[J].環(huán)境科學(xué)研究,2013,26(2):152-159. [Qiu yu.The Evaluation of the Tingjiang River Basin Water Environment Safety [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013, 26(2): 152-159.]
[11]Jiasheng Jin, Rusong Wang, Feng Li, et al. Conjugate Ecological Restoration Approach with a Case Study in Mentougou District, Beijing[J]. Environ Monit Assess, Ecological Complexity, 2011, (8):161-170.
[12]凌峰.最嚴格水資源管:經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇.[EB/OL]. 2012-05-04[2014-06-06] http://www.chinawater.com.cn/ztgz/hy/2012szyhy/6/201205/t20120504_220004.html. [Ling Feng. Most Stringent Water Management: Sustainable Economic and Social Development of the Inevitable Choice. [EB/OL]. 2012-05-04[2014-06-06] http://www.chinawater.com.cn/ztgz/hy/2012szyhy/6/201205/t20120504_220004.html.]
[13]袁偉,樓章華,田娟.富陽市水資源承載能力綜合評價[J].水利學(xué)報,2008,39(1):103-108. [Yuan Wei, Lou Zhanghua, Tian Juan. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Fuyang City[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2008, 39(1): 103-108.]
[14]邵磊,周孝德,楊方廷,等.基于主成分分析和熵權(quán)法的水資源承載能力及其演變趨勢評價方法[J].西安理工大學(xué)學(xué)報,2010,26(2):170-176. [Shao Lei, Zhou Xiaode, Yang Fangting, et al. Research on Water Resources Carrying Capacity and Evaluation Method of Evolution Tendency Based on Principal Components Analysis and Entropy Weight Method [J]. Journal of Xian University of Technology, 2010, 26(2): 170-176.]
Research on Water Antidegradation Capacity in Taihu Lake Basin Based on
Water Supply and Demand Management
ZHOU Shenbei1,2DU Amin1
(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211100, China;
2.School of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)
AbstractIn recent years, the degradation problems of Chinas water resources system have become more serious. Given the current concerns with water resources system degradation, such as water quality deterioration, water ecology system degradation, and water pollution emergency normalization water resources antidegradation capacity of river basin has been paid more attention. Taihu Lake basin is one of the modernization construction demonstration areas, and the water resources antidegradation capacity is a basis of the district modernization constructions. In order to enhance the water resources antidegradation capacity of Taihu Lake Basin, we set up a water resources antidegradation capacity evaluation model from the perspective of water demand and supply management, and use the full permutation polygon synthesis illustration method (FPPSI) to analyze the comprehensive development index, evolution speed and its changing reasons of water resources antidegradation capacity from 2001 to 2012. Two dimensional matrix is used to estimate the water resources antidegradation capacity comprehensively. The results show that comprehensive development index of the water resources antidegradation capacity is overall on the increase from the water demand and supply aspect in Taihu Lake Basin. Since 2006, the water resources antidegradation capacity in the water demand side has been higher than it is in the supply side, which indicates the positive coordination efficiency between the two sides is not significant. The evolution speed of the basin antidegradation capacity development varies with great fluctuation. The antidegradation capacity of water demand side descends in some years for the factors such as the socioeconomic development, waterusage efficiency and pollution treatment. The antidegradation capacity of water supply side descends because of ecology system degradation. Based on the conclusions mentioned above, the strategies and suggestions for enhancing water resources antidegradation capacity of Taihu Lake Basin are put forward from the perspective of the water demand and supply management.
Key wordswater antidegradation capacity; water supply and demand management; full permutation polygon synthesis illustration method; Taihu Lake Basin
[7]魏婷,吳長年.一種工業(yè)園區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價方法及其應(yīng)用[J].長江流域資源與環(huán)境,2007,16(5):680-684. [Wei Ting, Wu Changnian. An Ecosystem Health Assessment Method With Its Application in Industrial Parks [J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2007, 16(5): 680-684.]
[8]李鋒,劉旭升,胡聃,等.城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展評價方法及其應(yīng)用[J].生態(tài)學(xué)報,2007,(11):4793-4802. [Li Feng, Liu Xusheng, Hu Dan, et al. Evaluation Method and Its Application for Urban Sustainable Development [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,(11):4793-4802.]
[9]龔艷冰,張繼國,梁雪春.基于全排列多邊形綜合圖示法的水質(zhì)評價[J].中國人口·資源與環(huán)境,2011,21(9):26-31. [Gong Yanbing, Zhang Jiguo, Liang Xuechun.Water Quality Assessment of East Route Based on Entirearraypolygon Evaluation Method [J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(9):26-31.]
[10]邱宇.汀江流域水環(huán)境安全評估[J].環(huán)境科學(xué)研究,2013,26(2):152-159. [Qiu yu.The Evaluation of the Tingjiang River Basin Water Environment Safety [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2013, 26(2): 152-159.]
[11]Jiasheng Jin, Rusong Wang, Feng Li, et al. Conjugate Ecological Restoration Approach with a Case Study in Mentougou District, Beijing[J]. Environ Monit Assess, Ecological Complexity, 2011, (8):161-170.
[12]凌峰.最嚴格水資源管:經(jīng)濟社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然選擇.[EB/OL]. 2012-05-04[2014-06-06] http://www.chinawater.com.cn/ztgz/hy/2012szyhy/6/201205/t20120504_220004.html. [Ling Feng. Most Stringent Water Management: Sustainable Economic and Social Development of the Inevitable Choice. [EB/OL]. 2012-05-04[2014-06-06] http://www.chinawater.com.cn/ztgz/hy/2012szyhy/6/201205/t20120504_220004.html.]
[13]袁偉,樓章華,田娟.富陽市水資源承載能力綜合評價[J].水利學(xué)報,2008,39(1):103-108. [Yuan Wei, Lou Zhanghua, Tian Juan. Comprehensive Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Fuyang City[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 2008, 39(1): 103-108.]
[14]邵磊,周孝德,楊方廷,等.基于主成分分析和熵權(quán)法的水資源承載能力及其演變趨勢評價方法[J].西安理工大學(xué)學(xué)報,2010,26(2):170-176. [Shao Lei, Zhou Xiaode, Yang Fangting, et al. Research on Water Resources Carrying Capacity and Evaluation Method of Evolution Tendency Based on Principal Components Analysis and Entropy Weight Method [J]. Journal of Xian University of Technology, 2010, 26(2): 170-176.]
Research on Water Antidegradation Capacity in Taihu Lake Basin Based on
Water Supply and Demand Management
ZHOU Shenbei1,2DU Amin1
(1.Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing Jiangsu 211100, China;
2.School of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)
AbstractIn recent years, the degradation problems of Chinas water resources system have become more serious. Given the current concerns with water resources system degradation, such as water quality deterioration, water ecology system degradation, and water pollution emergency normalization water resources antidegradation capacity of river basin has been paid more attention. Taihu Lake basin is one of the modernization construction demonstration areas, and the water resources antidegradation capacity is a basis of the district modernization constructions. In order to enhance the water resources antidegradation capacity of Taihu Lake Basin, we set up a water resources antidegradation capacity evaluation model from the perspective of water demand and supply management, and use the full permutation polygon synthesis illustration method (FPPSI) to analyze the comprehensive development index, evolution speed and its changing reasons of water resources antidegradation capacity from 2001 to 2012. Two dimensional matrix is used to estimate the water resources antidegradation capacity comprehensively. The results show that comprehensive development index of the water resources antidegradation capacity is overall on the increase from the water demand and supply aspect in Taihu Lake Basin. Since 2006, the water resources antidegradation capacity in the water demand side has been higher than it is in the supply side, which indicates the positive coordination efficiency between the two sides is not significant. The evolution speed of the basin antidegradation capacity development varies with great fluctuation. The antidegradation capacity of water demand side descends in some years for the factors such as the socioeconomic development, waterusage efficiency and pollution treatment. The antidegradation capacity of water supply side descends because of ecology system degradation. Based on the conclusions mentioned above, the strategies and suggestions for enhancing water resources antidegradation capacity of Taihu Lake Basin are put forward from the perspective of the water demand and supply management.
Key wordswater antidegradation capacity; water supply and demand management; full permutation polygon synthesis illustration method; Taihu Lake Basin