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      KATP通道開(kāi)放劑對(duì)氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖表達(dá)及SOCS3/5免疫失衡的影響

      2014-11-18 10:14:35鄧伊王志強(qiáng)
      中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2014年29期
      關(guān)鍵詞:共培養(yǎng)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)平滑肌

      鄧伊++王志強(qiáng)

      [摘要] 目的 研究ATP敏感性鉀通道(KATP通道)開(kāi)放劑對(duì)氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞(ASMCs)增殖過(guò)程的影響,以及細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制蛋白3/5(SOCS3/5)表達(dá)變化與轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β1(TGF-β1)分泌釋放水平的關(guān)系。 方法 體外構(gòu)建增殖型ASMCs原代培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞模型,分為ASMCs組、AngⅡ·ASMCs組、淋巴細(xì)胞(L)組、ASMCs+L組和AngⅡ·ASMCs+L組。Real-time PCR檢測(cè)細(xì)胞中SOCS3 mRNA及SOCS5 mRNA表達(dá)的差異;ELISA法檢測(cè)上清液中TGF-β1的釋放水平。觀察KATP通道開(kāi)放劑尼可地爾(NCR)干預(yù)的影響。 結(jié)果 與ASMCs組比較,AngⅡ·ASMCs組TGF-β1的表達(dá)水平明顯升高(P<0.01);NCR作用于細(xì)胞后各組ASMCs表達(dá)TGF-β1與格列本脲(GLI)比較明顯減少(P<0.05)。與ASMCs+L組比較,AngⅡ·ASMCs+L組SOCS3 mRNA表達(dá)增加,而SOCS5 mRNA表達(dá)減少(P<0.05)。NCR可以下調(diào)SOCS3的表達(dá),上調(diào)SOCS5的表達(dá)。 結(jié)論 KATP通道開(kāi)放可以通過(guò)抑制ASMCs增殖而調(diào)控TGF-β1分泌表達(dá);SOCS3和SOCS5可能是哮喘氣道重塑的特異性免疫治療中的重要靶點(diǎn)。

      [關(guān)鍵詞] KATP通道開(kāi)放劑;氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制因子;哮喘

      [中圖分類號(hào)] R965 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2014)10(b)-0004-04

      細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制因子(suppressor of cytokine signaling,SOCS)是近年來(lái)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一類負(fù)向調(diào)節(jié)因子[1],參與多種細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)過(guò)程,其中SOCS3和SOCS5作為SOCS家族的重要成員,可能與哮喘等免疫性疾病的發(fā)生、發(fā)展有關(guān),并有望成為這類疾病的治療靶點(diǎn)。有研究說(shuō)明[2],ATP敏感性鉀通道(KATP通道)開(kāi)放劑對(duì)哮喘的氣道重塑可以產(chǎn)生有益的作用,其機(jī)制尚未見(jiàn)系統(tǒng)性的研究報(bào)道。本研究利用在體外原代培養(yǎng)的哮喘大鼠氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞(airway smooth muscle cells,ASMCs),建立增殖型ASMCs模型,探索KATP通道開(kāi)放劑的作用是否與逆轉(zhuǎn)氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖有關(guān),以及對(duì)SOCS3/5免疫失衡的影響,為治療哮喘等免疫失衡疾病建立新的方法提供理論基礎(chǔ)。

      1 材料與方法

      1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料

      淋巴細(xì)胞分離液,購(gòu)自碧云天;辣根過(guò)氧化物酶(horseradish peroxidase,HRP)標(biāo)記羊抗兔二抗,購(gòu)自武漢博士德生物工程有限公司;α-肌動(dòng)蛋白(α-SMA)單抗,購(gòu)自Boster;SOCS3/5引物,上海生工;大鼠轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β1)ELISA試劑盒,購(gòu)自伊萊瑞特生物科技有限公司;高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基,購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gbico BRL公司;地塞米松(dexamethasone,DEX)注射液,浙江仙據(jù)制藥股份有限公司;尼可地爾(nicorandil,NCR),日本Tohoku Nipro醫(yī)藥公司;血管緊張素Ⅱ(angiotensin Ⅱ,AngⅡ)、Ⅰ型膠原酶(collagenaseⅠ)、格列本脲(glibenclamide,GLI)均購(gòu)自Sigma公司。

      1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

      1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及鑒定 雄性SD大鼠,SPF級(jí),年齡21~36 d,體重100~140 g,由三峽大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供。方法參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)[3]。以10%的水合氯醛(0.4 ml/100 g)腹腔注射麻醉大鼠,放入超凈臺(tái)中,開(kāi)胸取出氣管,刮去外膜內(nèi)膜,D-Hank′s液洗凈,剪碎、消化后,用20%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基,5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中37℃靜置培養(yǎng)1周左右,可見(jiàn)細(xì)胞從組織塊周圍爬出。實(shí)驗(yàn)用3~6代細(xì)胞,免疫細(xì)胞化學(xué)染色鑒定平滑肌細(xì)胞上特有的α-SMA。

      1.2.2 AngⅡ誘導(dǎo)ASMCs的增殖與表達(dá) AngⅡ(100 nmol/L)處理ASMCs,連續(xù)作用3 d,24 h換一次液;Western blotting檢測(cè)α-SMA,評(píng)定AngⅡ?qū)SMCs增殖誘導(dǎo)作用;上清中TGF-β1分泌表達(dá)用ELISA檢測(cè)(按說(shuō)明書(shū)操作),分為ASMCs組和AngⅡ·ASMCs組。

      1.2.3 AngⅡ·ASMCs與淋巴細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng) 以AngⅡ處理ASMCs后,D-Hank′s液洗3遍,消化重懸,以1×106 cell/L鋪于6孔板中,待細(xì)胞貼壁生長(zhǎng)24 h,加入提取的2 ml T淋巴細(xì)胞(1×105 cell/L),作用36 h,分為L(zhǎng)組、ASMCs+L組和AngⅡ·ASMCs+L組。

      1.2.4 Real-time PCR檢測(cè)SOCS3和SOCS5在共培養(yǎng)體系中的表達(dá) ①收集上清中的淋巴細(xì)胞,(5~10)×106單個(gè)核細(xì)胞加Trizol 1 ml,混勻后Trizol法提取總RNA,紫外分光光度法測(cè)定RNA含量。②RT-PCR反應(yīng)體系:RNA 4.0348 μg,Oligo(dT)15(10 μmol/L)2 μl,dNTP(2.5 mmol/L)2 μl,ddH2O(RNAse free)至14.5 μl,70℃ 5 min,短暫離心后置于冰上;以上PCR管全部14.5 μl,5×RT緩沖液4 μl,HRP(RRI)/RNAse Inhibitor 0.5 μl,M-MLV 1 μl,ddH2O(RNAse free)至20 μl,42℃ 60 min,95℃ 5 min。③Real-time PCR反應(yīng)體系:β-actin f(10 μmol/L)0.5 μl,β-actin r(10 μmol/L)0.5 μl,dNTP(2.5 mmol/L)2 μl,Ex Taq 0.25 μl,10×Ex Taq E緩沖液2.5 μl,cDNA 1 μl,ddH2O至25 μl,94℃ 4 min,94℃ 30 s,56℃ 30 s,72℃ 25 s,30個(gè)循環(huán),72℃ 4 min,4℃ 4 min,引物序列及擴(kuò)增條件見(jiàn)表1。

      表1 Real-time PCR反應(yīng)的引物序列及擴(kuò)增條件

      1.2.5 KATP通道調(diào)節(jié)劑處理細(xì)胞 NCR(開(kāi)放劑)處理ASMCs以及共培養(yǎng)組細(xì)胞,并以DEX(治療藥)和GLI(拮抗劑)分別作為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照和陰性對(duì)照。加藥后細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)36 h,每12小時(shí)換一次液。Real-time PCR檢測(cè)SOCS3和SOCS5的表達(dá)差異;上清中TGF-β1分泌表達(dá)用ELISA檢測(cè)。

      1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

      采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以x±s表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

      2 結(jié)果

      2.1 AngⅡ作用于ASMCs的增殖與表達(dá)

      2.1.1 Western blotting檢測(cè)α-SMA的表達(dá) BandScan分析膠片灰度值分析后兩組α-SMA/β-actin的比較如圖1,可見(jiàn),AngⅡ處理后的ASMCs表達(dá)α-SMA水平比未用AngⅡ處理的ASMCs組明顯升高,說(shuō)明AngⅡ處理ASMCs后可使細(xì)胞增殖。

      圖1 AngⅡ處理前后ASMCs增殖的比較

      α-SMA/β-actin代表ASMCs增殖量,與ASMCs組比較,*P<0.01

      2.1.2 ELISA法檢測(cè)上清液中TGF-β1表達(dá)的差異 與ASMCs組比較,AngⅡ·ASMCs組TGF-β1的表達(dá)水平明顯升高(P<0.01)(圖2)。

      圖2 AngⅡ處理ASMCs前后TGF-β1表達(dá)的差異

      與ASMCs組比較,*P<0.01

      2.2 SOCS3和SOCS5 mRNA在共培養(yǎng)體系中的表達(dá)

      熒光定量PCR結(jié)果采用ΔΔCt法計(jì)算:目的基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量=2-ΔΔCt,ΔΔCt=實(shí)驗(yàn)組(Ct目的基因-Ct內(nèi)參基因)-對(duì)照組(Ct目的基因-Ct內(nèi)參基因),所以2-ΔΔCt表示目的基因相對(duì)于內(nèi)參基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。ASMCs與淋巴細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)后,SOCS3 mRNA表達(dá)增加,而SOCS5 mRNA表達(dá)減少(P<0.05);與ASMCs+L組比較,AngⅡ·ASMCs與淋巴細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng),SOCS3 mRNA表達(dá)增加,而SOCS5 mRNA表達(dá)減少(P<0.05)(表2)。

      表2 SOCS3和SOCS5基因表達(dá)相對(duì)量2-ΔΔCt值(x±s,n=3)

      與L組比較,*P<0.05;與ASMCs+L組比較,#P<0.05

      2.3 KATP通道開(kāi)放劑作用結(jié)果

      2.3.1 藥物作用后上清中的TGF-β1表達(dá)差異 在各組用藥后DEX和NCR使ASMCs表達(dá)TGF-β1水平均比用拮抗劑GLI明顯減少(P<0.05);而AngⅡ處理ASMCs后分泌表達(dá)TGF-β1比ASMCs組明顯增加(P<0.01)(表3)。

      表3 檢測(cè)上清中的TGF-β1表達(dá)差異(x±s,n=3)

      與拮抗劑GLI比較,*P<0.05;與ASMCs組比較,#P<0.01

      2.3.2 藥物作用后SOCS3和SOCS5表達(dá)差異 與拮抗劑GLI比較,DEX和NCR作用與共培養(yǎng)體系可以下調(diào)SOCS3 mRNA的表達(dá)水平,上調(diào)SOCS5 mRNA的表達(dá)水平(表4)。

      3 討論

      支氣管哮喘以慢性氣道炎癥和氣道重塑為主要特征,伴隨發(fā)生氣道高反應(yīng),而氣道重塑的機(jī)制和治療藥物是目前研究的熱點(diǎn)。支氣管平滑肌細(xì)胞是支氣管主要的結(jié)構(gòu)細(xì)胞,其異常增殖在氣道重塑中起到十分重要的作用[4-5]。氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞增生的直接后果是造成氣道壁的增厚,加重氣道的狹窄,產(chǎn)生氣道高反應(yīng)性,造成呼吸道氣流受限,與哮喘嚴(yán)重程度密切相關(guān)。因此,有效遏制氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞過(guò)度增殖,是治療難治性哮喘的根本途徑之一[6]。收縮型ASMCs無(wú)增殖和遷移能力,對(duì)外界刺激產(chǎn)生收縮反應(yīng),增殖/合成型能夠分泌表達(dá)多種活性物質(zhì),具有增殖、遷移的能力[7]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用AngⅡ誘導(dǎo),在體外建立增殖型ASMCs與淋巴細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)模型,結(jié)果顯示,ASMCs的增殖可以調(diào)節(jié)Th1/Th2免疫相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)抑制因子的平衡,促進(jìn)SOCS3的表達(dá)而抑制SOCS5的表達(dá),從而使SOCS3/5免疫失衡,表現(xiàn)為SOCS3與炎癥反應(yīng)正相關(guān),而SOCS5則相反。TGF-β1的合成分泌與ASMCs增殖呈正相關(guān),說(shuō)明TGF-β1可能參與哮喘ASMCs的增殖過(guò)程,在哮喘的發(fā)病過(guò)程中有重要的作用。TGF-β1與氣道損傷后的修復(fù)過(guò)程及氣道重塑有密切關(guān)系,其在氣道中表達(dá)增高能刺激氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞ASMCs分裂與增殖,導(dǎo)致平滑肌增生和肥厚及氣道重塑,從而加重哮喘。

      鉀通道是體內(nèi)一種重要的離子通道,它廣泛分布于各種器官組織的細(xì)胞膜,在調(diào)節(jié)膜電位和興奮性方面起著重要作用;平滑肌上至少有三種鉀通道:鈣激活鉀通道(KCa)、遲整流鉀通道(Kdr)、KATP。其中,KATP最為重要,當(dāng)該通道開(kāi)放時(shí),產(chǎn)生一系列電化學(xué)反應(yīng),有效舒張平滑肌、起到降壓解痙的作用[8],因此,KATP通道是多種疾病的治療靶點(diǎn)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,KATP通道開(kāi)放劑對(duì)ASMCs的增殖有抑制作用,相應(yīng)地TGF-β1也隨之減少,與拮抗劑有明顯的差異;同時(shí),又可下調(diào)SOCS3 mRNA的表達(dá),上調(diào)SOCS5 mRNA的表達(dá),從而逆轉(zhuǎn)ASMCs增殖所致的SOCS3/5表達(dá)失衡,說(shuō)明KATP通道開(kāi)放劑能夠抑制氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖和分泌。

      目前認(rèn)為[9-12],SOCS通過(guò)兩條通路抑制信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)的作用,即JAK激酶/信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子(JAK/STAT),有絲分裂原活化蛋白激酶/細(xì)胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶 (MAPK/ERK),但是當(dāng)前對(duì)JAK/STAT通路研究較多,對(duì)MAPK/ERK通路研究較少。SOCSs通過(guò)細(xì)胞內(nèi)JAK-STAT系統(tǒng)信號(hào)途徑調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo),參與細(xì)胞炎性反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞增殖與分化等生物學(xué)功能的調(diào)節(jié)。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SOCS蛋白對(duì)Th細(xì)胞的分化具有重要的調(diào)控作用[9,13-14],其中SOCS5/3與Th1/Th2免疫失衡密切相關(guān),SOCS3主要表達(dá)在Th2細(xì)胞中并抑制Th1型免疫反應(yīng),SOCS5通過(guò)抑制Th2細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)促進(jìn)Th1細(xì)胞分化[15-17]。因此認(rèn)為KATP開(kāi)放劑能夠抑制氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖分泌,并通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)Th1/Th2免疫因子和SOCS蛋白的免疫平衡產(chǎn)生治療作用,此方面的研究可望為臨床對(duì)哮喘的預(yù)防和治療提供新的思路。

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      [8] Malerba M,Radaeli A,Mancuso S,et al.The potential therapeutic role of potassium channel modulators in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].J Biol Regul Homeost Agents,2010,24(2):123-130.

      [9] Yoshimura A,Suzuki M,Sakaguchi R,et al.SOCS,Inflammation,and Autoimmunity[J].Front Immunol,2012,3:20.

      [10] Babon JJ,Kershaw NJ,Murphy JM,et al.Suppression of cytokine signaling by SOCS3:characterization of the mode of inhibition and the basis of its specificity[J].Immunity,2012,36(2):239-250.

      [11] Kolesnik TB,Nicholson SE.Analysis of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR[J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,967:235-248.

      [12] Babon JJ,Nicola NA.The biology and mechanism of action of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3[J].Growth Factors,2012,30(4):207-219.

      [13] Palmer DC,Restifo NP.Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in T cell differentiation,maturation,and function[J].Trends Immunol,2009,30(12):592-602.

      [14] Zhang JG,Nicholson SE.Detection of endogenous SOCS1 and SOCS3 proteins by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis [J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,967:249-259.

      [15] Daegelmann C,Herberth G,Rder S,et al.Association between suppressors of cytokine signalling,T-helper type 1/T-helper type 2 balance and allergic sensitization in children[J].Clin Exp Allergy,2008,38(3):438-448.

      [16] Nakaya M,Hamano S,Kawasumi M,et al.Aberrant IL-4 production by SOCS3-over-expressing T cells during infection with Leishmania major exacerbates disease manifestations[J].Int Immunol,2011,23(3):195-202.

      [17] Tang JF,Guan SH,Wang ZG.Roles of interleukin-10 differentiated dendritic cell of allergic asthma patients in T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro[J].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2012,92(40):2851-2854.

      (收稿日期;2014-06-05 本文編輯:郭靜娟)

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1] Linossi EM,Babon JJ,Hilton DJ,et al.Suppression of cytokine signaling:the SOCS perspective[J].Cytokine Growth Factor Rev,2013,24(3):241-248.

      [2] Wan X,Zhao J,Xie J.Effects of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel on protein kinase C pathway and airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in asthma[J].J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci,2012,32(4):480-484.

      [3] 邱晨,李娜.平滑肌細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)方法探討[J].廣東醫(yī)學(xué),2008,29(11):1791-1793.

      [4] Damera G,Tliba O,Penattieri RA Jr.Airway smooth muscle as an immunomodulatory cell[J].Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2009,22(5):353-359.

      [5] Prakash YS.Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling:what have we learned[J]Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2013,305(12):L912-933.

      [6] Xia YC,Redhu NS,Moir LM,et al.Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of airway smooth muscle:emerging concepts[J].Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2013,26(1):64-74.

      [7] Hirota JA,Nguyen TT,Schaafsma D,et al.Airway smooth muscle in asthma:phenotye plasticity and fanction[J].Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2009,22(5),370-378.

      [8] Malerba M,Radaeli A,Mancuso S,et al.The potential therapeutic role of potassium channel modulators in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].J Biol Regul Homeost Agents,2010,24(2):123-130.

      [9] Yoshimura A,Suzuki M,Sakaguchi R,et al.SOCS,Inflammation,and Autoimmunity[J].Front Immunol,2012,3:20.

      [10] Babon JJ,Kershaw NJ,Murphy JM,et al.Suppression of cytokine signaling by SOCS3:characterization of the mode of inhibition and the basis of its specificity[J].Immunity,2012,36(2):239-250.

      [11] Kolesnik TB,Nicholson SE.Analysis of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR[J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,967:235-248.

      [12] Babon JJ,Nicola NA.The biology and mechanism of action of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3[J].Growth Factors,2012,30(4):207-219.

      [13] Palmer DC,Restifo NP.Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in T cell differentiation,maturation,and function[J].Trends Immunol,2009,30(12):592-602.

      [14] Zhang JG,Nicholson SE.Detection of endogenous SOCS1 and SOCS3 proteins by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis [J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,967:249-259.

      [15] Daegelmann C,Herberth G,Rder S,et al.Association between suppressors of cytokine signalling,T-helper type 1/T-helper type 2 balance and allergic sensitization in children[J].Clin Exp Allergy,2008,38(3):438-448.

      [16] Nakaya M,Hamano S,Kawasumi M,et al.Aberrant IL-4 production by SOCS3-over-expressing T cells during infection with Leishmania major exacerbates disease manifestations[J].Int Immunol,2011,23(3):195-202.

      [17] Tang JF,Guan SH,Wang ZG.Roles of interleukin-10 differentiated dendritic cell of allergic asthma patients in T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro[J].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2012,92(40):2851-2854.

      (收稿日期;2014-06-05 本文編輯:郭靜娟)

      [參考文獻(xiàn)]

      [1] Linossi EM,Babon JJ,Hilton DJ,et al.Suppression of cytokine signaling:the SOCS perspective[J].Cytokine Growth Factor Rev,2013,24(3):241-248.

      [2] Wan X,Zhao J,Xie J.Effects of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channel on protein kinase C pathway and airway smooth muscle cell proliferation in asthma[J].J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci,2012,32(4):480-484.

      [3] 邱晨,李娜.平滑肌細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)方法探討[J].廣東醫(yī)學(xué),2008,29(11):1791-1793.

      [4] Damera G,Tliba O,Penattieri RA Jr.Airway smooth muscle as an immunomodulatory cell[J].Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2009,22(5):353-359.

      [5] Prakash YS.Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling:what have we learned[J]Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2013,305(12):L912-933.

      [6] Xia YC,Redhu NS,Moir LM,et al.Pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of airway smooth muscle:emerging concepts[J].Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2013,26(1):64-74.

      [7] Hirota JA,Nguyen TT,Schaafsma D,et al.Airway smooth muscle in asthma:phenotye plasticity and fanction[J].Pulm Pharmacol Ther,2009,22(5),370-378.

      [8] Malerba M,Radaeli A,Mancuso S,et al.The potential therapeutic role of potassium channel modulators in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J].J Biol Regul Homeost Agents,2010,24(2):123-130.

      [9] Yoshimura A,Suzuki M,Sakaguchi R,et al.SOCS,Inflammation,and Autoimmunity[J].Front Immunol,2012,3:20.

      [10] Babon JJ,Kershaw NJ,Murphy JM,et al.Suppression of cytokine signaling by SOCS3:characterization of the mode of inhibition and the basis of its specificity[J].Immunity,2012,36(2):239-250.

      [11] Kolesnik TB,Nicholson SE.Analysis of Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling (SOCS) gene expression by real-time quantitative PCR[J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,967:235-248.

      [12] Babon JJ,Nicola NA.The biology and mechanism of action of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3[J].Growth Factors,2012,30(4):207-219.

      [13] Palmer DC,Restifo NP.Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in T cell differentiation,maturation,and function[J].Trends Immunol,2009,30(12):592-602.

      [14] Zhang JG,Nicholson SE.Detection of endogenous SOCS1 and SOCS3 proteins by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis [J].Methods Mol Biol,2013,967:249-259.

      [15] Daegelmann C,Herberth G,Rder S,et al.Association between suppressors of cytokine signalling,T-helper type 1/T-helper type 2 balance and allergic sensitization in children[J].Clin Exp Allergy,2008,38(3):438-448.

      [16] Nakaya M,Hamano S,Kawasumi M,et al.Aberrant IL-4 production by SOCS3-over-expressing T cells during infection with Leishmania major exacerbates disease manifestations[J].Int Immunol,2011,23(3):195-202.

      [17] Tang JF,Guan SH,Wang ZG.Roles of interleukin-10 differentiated dendritic cell of allergic asthma patients in T-lymphocyte proliferation in vitro[J].Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2012,92(40):2851-2854.

      (收稿日期;2014-06-05 本文編輯:郭靜娟)

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