巧妙用詞添文采

唐菲菲

………… 以介詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，短語形式簡而優(yōu) …………

英語中，介詞是重要的“功能詞”，是遣詞造句的紐帶。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，英語中有286個介詞，但我們最常用的是at， for， from， in， of， on， to， with， by等。

能否用好介詞是一個人英語能力強弱的重要標志之一。比如“他英語學(xué)得好”可以說He knows English very well，但如果用以下幾個句子表達，顯然看起來更“高大上”：

He is good/expert at English.

He does well in English.

He has a good knowledge/command of English.

同學(xué)們應(yīng)該在平時注意積累介詞的搭配，寫作時將一些煩冗的長句合理替換為固定搭配，在簡化句子的同時，還能使文章讀來節(jié)奏感更強。

比如要表達“前門大街長800余米，有600多年歷史，街上有300余家商鋪”，同學(xué)們一般會寫成：Qianmen Street is more than 800 metres long. It has a history of more than 600 years. There are about 300 shops along it.

用介詞來“升格”會怎么樣呢？看——

Qianmen Street is an 800-metre-long ancient street with a history of 600 years， along which there are more than 300 shops.

或者：Qianmen Street is a long street with a length of 800 metres and a history of 600 years，along which there are more than 300 shops.

或者：Qianmen Street，which is 800 metres in length，has a history of 600 years. With more than 300 shops the street is among the symbols of Beijing.

………… 以分詞精練句子，突出重點添文采 …………

一般來說，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的、主動的意義，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的、被動的意義。根據(jù)句意，用相應(yīng)的分詞短語替代從句或者分句，不僅可以使句子變得精練，更能突出重點，使句子主次有序。比如：

When he learned my trouble， my uncle advised me to talk frankly with my parents and present my real thoughts to them.

把這個長句中由when引導(dǎo)的從句和and present my real thoughts to them這一分句改為現(xiàn)在分詞形式，不僅句子精簡了，內(nèi)容也有了主次之分，my uncle advised me to talk frankly with my parents作為重點被突出了：

Having learned my trouble， my uncle advised me to talk frankly with my parents， presenting my real thoughts.

………… 以連詞承接過渡，句意連貫顯層次 …………

連詞用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語以及句與句，可以分為并列連詞，從屬連詞和關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞三類。

并列連詞用來連接平行的詞、短語或分句，主要有and， but， or， so， yet， however， nevertheless， as well as， both... and， not only... but also， either... or， neither... nor 等；

從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，主要有after， when， before， as， while， since， until， although， if， unless， because， as if， now that， so/such... that， as long as等；

關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的作用類似連詞，主要有anyhow， therefore， besides， moreover， also， too， still， then， thus， consequently等。

合理使用連詞可以使句意更連貫，同時凸顯文章層次。比如下面這兩個段落：

①Tom saw a bird. The bird was wounded. He took the bird to the zoo. The workers in the zoo praised him. He arrived home late. He was happy.

②Tom saw a wounded bird， so he took the bird to the zoo. The workers in the zoo praised him. Though he arrived home late， he was happy.

段落①都是短句，看起來枯燥啰唆；段落②運用了連詞，層次分明，讀來更流暢。

再來看一例，題目要求“根據(jù)‘Film or book， which do you prefer？這個話題，發(fā)表自己的看法”，你的選擇是看電影，因為看電影省時間，且電影比書本更有趣易懂，你會怎么寫？

參考答案：Seeing a film not only saves time but also gives us information as well as a sense of enjoyment. Besides， the film can deliver the message clearly so that the ideas are easily understood.