北川中學到吉安白塘學校

項目名稱：北川中學校園規(guī)劃/江西吉安白塘言愛基金學校

項目地點：四川新北川市齊魯大道/江西吉安市白塘

建筑面積：73,000平方米/25,000平方米

項目時間：2008-2009(北川中學)/2010-2011(白塘學校)

建筑設計：-香港大學小區(qū)工作坊/王維仁建筑研究室/吉安市設計院(白塘學校)-王維仁/朱濤/香港大學建筑系碩士課程;王維仁/張永和/麻省理工學院建筑碩士課程(北川中學)

設計團隊:王維仁/謝菁//許壯聲/程驍/徐煑/譚詠雯(白塘學校)

Name:BeichuanMiddleSchool,Sichuan/YanaiBaitangSchool,Jian,Jiangxi

Location:Beichuan,SichuanProvince/Baitang,Jian,JiangxiProvince

FloorArea:73,000sm(BeichuanSchool)/25,000sm(YanaiBaitangSchool)

Completion:2008-2009(BeichuanSchool);2010-2011(BaitangSchool)

Design:CommunityProjectWorkshop,HKU/WangWeijen(YanaiBaitangSchool);WangWeijen/HKUMArchStudio/MITMArchStudio(BeichuanSchool);

Team:WangWeijen/XieJing/ThomasCheng/AndrewXu/MargieTam

北川中學:四川災后重建

北川中學地塊為典型的水稻田和魚塘的農業(yè)地景,河川與規(guī)條灌溉渠道穿過.山丘之間的谷地坡面由東北向西南下降成為平地。設計著重學生人性的學習尺度與生活經驗,將5200名學生的空間分為六個尺度適當的組團，由各個學院圍塑成的大綠地成為延續(xù)自然地景的生態(tài)空間,更是人本成長具有象征意義的公民空間。如同衣服的尺碼,在學校，院落，年級，班級與自我之間，這個設計希望找到空間自主的關鍵尺度,適合學生們大中小的尺度需求,形成一個個以院落為中間尺度的生活與學習圈。

可惜原有的方案在施工圖階段作了大幅的修改,失去了一次災后教育空間改革的機會.兩年之后,言愛基金會捐贈扶貧的吉安白塘學校,讓我們實現了這個地景院落的校園空間的理想.

關鍵的尺度

吉安學校設計面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和北川中學一樣：如何把一個中國典型的大尺度學校，配合著學生的年齡層，安排成幾個尺度適當，具有空間認同感的小小區(qū)？怎么樣的空間大小與組團關系，是適合六歲的兒童至十五歲的青少年成長的學習空間？如何在個體的價值與三千多個人的集體認同之間，尋找并加入一種中間的尺度，作為適合的學習與生活場所？如何突破以管理思維出發(fā)的，制式的功能分區(qū)，在“教學大樓,宿舍大樓,實驗大樓”的思維之外，探索一種全新的，以人本學習出發(fā)的空間配置關系？

校園規(guī)劃把一個大學校分成了三個學習組團，每一個組團形成三個相互聯系的院落空間。每一個院落二十個班級可以是現有體制下的三個年級段：小學低年級，高年級，以及中學部;也可能是三個相對自主的小學院，各別擁有自己的院落廣場。規(guī)劃也把其他教學相關功能：特殊教室，實驗室，音樂與藝術教室，辦公室，都分散到這3組的學習空間里，成為院落之間的連接.生活空間的宿舍也分成三個與學習空間相對應的院落,活動交誼室,以及共享的大餐廳。學生們每天來往于各自的學習院落與生活院落之間，也經由共享的教室穿梭于不同年級的院落。

樹林和地景

設計在校園中間保留了一條300米長50米寬的大片綠地與大樹，貫穿校園由入口一路延伸到遠方。想象原來這個地點的農業(yè)地景：溪流與水文穿過這一大片綠地，田埂魚塘的痕跡轉化為學生穿越綠地的小徑，稻田的分割尺度成為校園活動與綠地植栽的規(guī)劃模距：草地，樹林，花園，菜圃，球場，坐椅，表演。大綠地的兩側的分別是教室與宿舍建筑，學生們穿越過這片延續(xù)自然生態(tài)與文化地景的綠地上，在課室與宿舍之間穿梭來往，上課下課，日出日落。

美國建筑師杰弗遜設計劃的維吉尼亞大學中央的大綠地，將地景綠地提升為校園的空間象征,百年來成為無數校園規(guī)劃的經典。學生在綠地樹蔭下上課討論，讀書休閑，運動，是校園最重要的文化公共空間。我們想象，言愛學校原有地塊上的小溪與農田地景，都成為未來校園肌理的一部分，轉化為綠意盎然的樹林草地，學生們在這片文化與自然肌理的上探索成長，刻錄生活的旋律。自然生態(tài)水塘與綠色的山丘不但成為校園軸線的端景，樹林綠地的生態(tài)理念也成為學校的核心價值。

序列的合院

圍繞在核心綠地東西兩側，是系列院落組成的合院空間;東側是三個學習的教學院落，西側是三個生活的宿舍院落。每一個四層樓高的院落除了間隔保證充分間距的陽光日照外，在量體設計上更以每兩層為單元相互交錯，在地面層或第三層形成挑空的開口平臺。這些半戶外的穿廊與平臺成為在教室或寢室之外，學生重要的學習活空間。

教室與校舍之間的建筑空間，類似城市公共空間的街道廣場與連廊；方院的串聯與變化，連接院落之間的共享教室；南北向的自然綠地的延伸，穿過中央架空的圖書館，與行政樓和餐廳連結成的公共建筑序列；餐廳的天井小院引入自然光線和挑高的屋頂，由地景草坡轉化而成的餐廳大門；連接操場的弧形臺階與運動設施房。

在未來學校大小層次的公共空間之中，學生們穿梭來往于教室間的廊道，與學院的廣場之間，走入校園的綠地當中，與四周的遠山自然連成一體。幾年下來他們得到的是對社區(qū)公共空間與自然地景生態(tài)的尊重。學生們在自我，社群，與大自然的交織互動中，學習體驗一個公民在社區(qū)里與他人共享的人文的或自然的公共空間。

Post-earthquake Re-habitation

With agriculture landscape of mostly rice paddy field and fishponds, the site for New Beichuan School has a river and several irrigation channels running through it.Mountains and a valley to its north-eastern corner provide a visual backdrop to the landscape fabric of the relatively f at site. The design subdivided a large school over 5000 students into 6 smaller collages each with their courtyard complexes for learning and living. Surrounded by courtyard buildings, A large common green in the center of campus transformed from existing fabric of agriculture landscape become symbolic that extending the school to nature. From campus to courtyard to classes and self, the design looks for appropriate scales needed for different types of learning and living.

The design un-fortunately had been drastically changed during the final stage of working drawing in 2009 to meet the standardized management pattern in China. The opportunity for educational reform through formulating a new campus model did not come true in this exercise of post-earthquake design. Two years later, a new project on designing Baitang School in Jian for Yanai Foundation gave us the opportunity to further develop the concept and f nally to put the idea into reality in 2011.

The Critical Scale

Similar to the Beichuan school, facing China’s typical large school program of over 3000 students per school, the design begins by asking what is the appropriate scale for student to build up their identity of spaces for teaching and living? What is the intermediate scale between collective identity and individual spirit better for developing ideas of civic society for future China? How do we moderate the scale of the school so to provide a quality learning environment, and also facilitating the way it could be better managed and sustained? What is the alternative option for school layout in China that is not only based on functional zoning and conveniences for management?

The design of Baitang School moderates a large school into three clusters of space for classroom and three for dormitory. With around 20 classes of students for each building complex sharing a courtyard space, each courtyard works like a college accommodating teaching, dinning, and living facilities for around 900 students. Other than general classrooms arranged in each collage’s courtyard, it will also have shared facilities for science laboratory, art, sport, library and administration linking three collages. By arranging functional components with proper circulation and logistic clustering, a clear sense of place logic is achieved and will be easily sustained in time.

The Common Green

By arranging six courtyards around a large scale of common green, the central mall of greenery becomes a symbolized landscape extending the campus to nature.Through incorporating existing water system and agriculture landscape into the new plan, the campus will not only sustain the original landscape fabric, but also provides ecologically responsible environment for the future. Transformed from the classic model of campus green in Thomas Jefferson’s University of Virginia, the shared value on nature and democracy become parts of the daily rhythm for students. By walking in-between the classroom and dorm across the common green, students learn and think along with the nature of woods, ponds and lawn, and their pattern of everyday experiences is not only functional but also poetic.

Scaled Courtyard

Sequence of U-shaped courtyard is adopted as modular prototype for each academic and dormitory block. With large openings and decks arranged in the mid-level of each courtyard, they moderate the four-story building into the scale of a two-story one.Connected by shared facilities, dif ferent academic courtyards are linked up to form a larger campus complex that accommodate classrooms and dormitories, as well as plazas, gardens and woods in-between the buildings. the campus establishes a system of open spaces with rich texture and logic of spatial hierarchy.

The design focuses on creating quality spaces for student’s learning and living,providing a campus with rich texture of daily experiences as well as an environment of humanity. By establishing a system of open spaces with scaled courtyard and greenery, the design also sustain the culture identity of the place by adopting local architecture typology and fabrics of landscape.