達(dá)林泰 長(zhǎng)齡 鄂麗華等
[摘 要] 目的:通過(guò)解析組織學(xué)分化度浸潤(rùn)模式(Mode of invasion, Y-K分類)與臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)之間關(guān)聯(lián),探索舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌最重要的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)因子。方法:選擇舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌75例手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本進(jìn)行Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E)染色,解析其分化度(WHO分類)和浸潤(rùn)模式與其它臨床病例參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果:分化度與性別(P<0.039)和腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式相關(guān)(P<0.012),而與年齡、臨床分期和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移無(wú)相關(guān)。腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式與分化度(P<0.025)和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(P<0.011)相關(guān),與性別、年齡、臨床分期無(wú)相關(guān)。在68例臨床分期Ⅰ和Ⅱ期病例中,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式有顯著性差異(P<0.018),與其它臨床病理因子無(wú)相關(guān)。結(jié)論:本研究提示對(duì)于舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌個(gè)例,浸潤(rùn)模式具有預(yù)測(cè)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的潛在可能,即從術(shù)前病理的浸潤(rùn)模式來(lái)判斷腫瘤的惡性程度。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類);舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌;淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移
中圖分類號(hào):R749.86 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-5200(2014)05-033-05
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the most important metastatic and prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue by means of analyzing the relationship between histologic grading of mode of invasion and other clinicopathological parameters. Methods: A total of 75 cases with SCCs of the tongue were studied by histological method with Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E) stained. Relationship between differentiation (WHO grading) and mode of invasion (Y-K grading) with other clinicopathological parameters was analyzed. Results: Differentiation has correlation with gender and mode of invasion, but it has no correlation with age, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis. The mode of invasion was associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.011) and differentiation (P<0.025), but it was not correlated with gender, age and clinical stage. Among 68 cases with SCC of the tongue in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ, there were significant difference (P<0.018) between mode of invasion and lymph node metastasis and but it was not associated with other parameters. Conclusion: This study indicates that the mode of invasion is a useful factor in predicting cervical lymph node metastasis and prognosis in SCC of the tongue. The application of diagnosis by the mode of invasion before surgery in the treatment of tongue SCC.
[Key words] Mode of invasion (Y-K grad);Tongue squamous cell carcinoma;Lymph node metastasis
舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌是口腔頜面部常見惡性腫瘤,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率較高,約20%~50%[1-3],淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移是最重要的預(yù)后影響因子[4]。近年來(lái)分子生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的口腔癌基礎(chǔ)研究已獲得了顯著成績(jī),但由于癌癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程非常復(fù)雜,目前病理組織學(xué)仍是所有臨床診斷與實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)。若根據(jù)口腔癌患者初診時(shí)組織病理學(xué)表現(xiàn),客觀地判斷其組織學(xué)惡性度,預(yù)測(cè)腫瘤的生物學(xué)特性以及預(yù)后,將對(duì)口腔癌個(gè)體化診斷與治療具有重大意義。口腔癌的組織學(xué)惡性度的經(jīng)典評(píng)價(jià)方法有Jakobsson分類、Willen分類、Annerroth分類和浸潤(rùn)模式(mode of invasion,Y-K分類)等。浸潤(rùn)模式是采取Jakobsson分類所屬浸潤(rùn)模式精髓,在臨床實(shí)踐中改進(jìn)而形成的一種實(shí)用性較強(qiáng)的組織學(xué)惡性度評(píng)價(jià)法,它以腫瘤浸潤(rùn)前沿(invasive front)形態(tài)為焦點(diǎn),根據(jù)腫瘤浸潤(rùn)前沿癌細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)形態(tài)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)組織學(xué)惡性度。近來(lái)逐漸證實(shí)浸潤(rùn)模式與口腔癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與預(yù)后有密切相關(guān)。本研究以75例舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌病例為研究對(duì)象,解析浸潤(rùn)模式與其它臨床病理參數(shù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián),探索舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移最重要的關(guān)聯(lián)因子。
1 材料和方法
1.1 臨床資料
收集2001年4月至2006年10月于日本東京醫(yī)科齒科大學(xué)腭口腔外科住院手術(shù)治療的舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌患者75例,年齡范圍23~84歲(平均59歲)。全病例均屬首次手術(shù)治療,無(wú)術(shù)前放射線治療和化學(xué)藥物治療史。患者臨床資料如表1所示。患者術(shù)后隨訪時(shí)間中間值為6.9年,(0.6-10.3年)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)遵照日本東京醫(yī)科齒科大學(xué)科研倫理委員會(huì)的相關(guān)規(guī)定,并獲得了研究許可。endprint
1.2 研究方法
取舌癌手術(shù)切除標(biāo)本,多聚甲醛固定石蠟包埋,在最大腫瘤切斷面,4mm切片,Hematoxylin-Eosin (H-E)染色,進(jìn)行舌癌浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類)診斷,分析其與患者性別、年齡、臨床分期、分化度(WHO分類)以及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移等臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行卡方檢驗(yàn)分析,P<0.05認(rèn)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織病理學(xué)分析結(jié)果
全舌癌病例應(yīng)用“(WHO)International histological classification of tumours, No4, histological typing of oral and oropharyngeal tumours, Geneva, 1971”的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行病理學(xué)分化度診斷,其結(jié)果如表1所示:75例舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中高分化31(42%)例,中分化37(49%)例,低分化7(9%)例。
應(yīng)用“Histological grading of mode of invasion (Yamamoto & Kohama 1983) ”(圖1)進(jìn)行腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類)診斷,結(jié)果如表1所示,在 75例舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中浸潤(rùn)模式1型3(4%)例、2型17(23%)例、3型34(45%)例、4C型20(27%)例,4D型1(1%)例(圖2)。
2.2 WHO分化度、腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類)與臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)
WHO分化度與性別(P<0.039)和腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式有相關(guān)關(guān)系(P<0.012),而與年齡、臨床分期和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移無(wú)相關(guān)(表2)。腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類)與WHO分化度(P<0.025)和淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(P<0.011)有相關(guān)關(guān)系,與性別、年齡、臨床分期等均無(wú)相關(guān)(表3)。
為了探討早期舌癌的潛在淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況,在臨床病期Ⅰ與Ⅱ期的68例進(jìn)行分析,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移與腫瘤浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類)有顯著性差異(P<0.018),與其它臨床病理因子無(wú)相關(guān)(表4)。
3 討論
隨著口腔癌臨床研究進(jìn)展,口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌經(jīng)歷了幾種具有代表性的組織學(xué)惡性度評(píng)價(jià)法。最初為1920年Broders根據(jù)分化與未分化的細(xì)胞比例,將其分4個(gè)階段[5],但此方法只限于分化度來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)口腔癌的預(yù)后,受限性較大[6-7]。之后為1973年的Jakopsson分類[8],該分類把組織學(xué)惡性度與宿主之間的關(guān)系作為焦點(diǎn),從宿主關(guān)聯(lián)項(xiàng)目:浸潤(rùn)模式、浸潤(rùn)程度、脈管浸潤(rùn)、炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)和分化度相關(guān)項(xiàng)目:結(jié)構(gòu)、角化程度、核多形性、分化度8個(gè)項(xiàng)目來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)組織學(xué)惡性度,每個(gè)項(xiàng)目均有各自的數(shù)字化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。之后為1975年Willen分類法[9],考慮臨床的實(shí)用價(jià)值,該方法消去Jakopsson分類的脈管內(nèi)浸潤(rùn)和結(jié)構(gòu)兩項(xiàng)目而形成。由于上述數(shù)種方法的惡性度評(píng)價(jià)基準(zhǔn)比較抽象,再加對(duì)于同一個(gè)例而言病理醫(yī)師的主觀性評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)致判斷結(jié)果不統(tǒng)一等缺點(diǎn),導(dǎo)致上述方法均沒有獲得與臨床病理學(xué)參數(shù)之間的相關(guān)性。1987年Anneroth對(duì)Jakopsson分類進(jìn)行改良,形成Anneroth分類[10],從而獲得了Anneroth分類與腫瘤的病期、復(fù)發(fā)以及生存率之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系[10、11]。Anneroth分類包括細(xì)胞異型:角化程度、核多形性、核分裂像;結(jié)構(gòu)異型:浸潤(rùn)形態(tài)、浸潤(rùn)程度、炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)6個(gè)項(xiàng)目;把各項(xiàng)目數(shù)字化后,總合點(diǎn)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的惡性度。但該方法的臨床應(yīng)用比較煩瑣,不適合實(shí)際應(yīng)用。
1983年日本學(xué)者Yamamoto和Kohama把癌浸潤(rùn)前沿(borderline)的浸潤(rùn)模式因子作為焦點(diǎn),從Jakopsson分類[8]中采取了精髓,形成浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類, Mode of invasion)。該分類把最弱的癌浸潤(rùn)像為浸潤(rùn)模式1型(YK-1);最強(qiáng)的浸潤(rùn)像作為4型(YK-4),并且把4型分成條索樣浸潤(rùn)的4C型和彌漫狀浸潤(rùn)的4D型。如圖1所示,浸潤(rùn)模式分類的鑒別要點(diǎn),1型:腫瘤浸潤(rùn)前沿(borderline)界限明確; 2型(YK-2):腫瘤浸潤(rùn)前沿輕度雜亂;3型(YK-3):腫瘤浸潤(rùn)前沿界限不明確,呈現(xiàn)大小不同的腫瘤細(xì)胞團(tuán)塊;4C型:又稱條索狀浸潤(rùn)型,腫瘤前緣界限不明確,腫瘤細(xì)胞呈條索狀浸潤(rùn);4D型:又稱彌散狀浸潤(rùn)型,腫瘤前緣界限不明確,腫瘤細(xì)胞呈彌散狀浸潤(rùn)??谇话┑慕?rùn)模式相當(dāng)于消化道癌(食道癌、胃癌、大腸癌)的浸潤(rùn)增殖模式(INF: NFa, INFb, INFc),YK-1是口腔癌特有的高分化鱗狀細(xì)胞癌分型,YK-2相當(dāng)于NFa,YK-3相當(dāng)于INFb,YK-4相當(dāng)于INFc。Yamamoto等最初報(bào)道,在口腔癌多個(gè)臨床參數(shù)與浸潤(rùn)模式有相關(guān),預(yù)后、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、局部復(fù)發(fā)等發(fā)生于浸潤(rùn)模式4型病例遠(yuǎn)多于1、2和3型[12]。在舌癌方面,以往也有報(bào)道浸潤(rùn)模式與個(gè)別臨床病理參數(shù)之間有相關(guān)[13]。
近年來(lái)有很多口腔癌浸潤(rùn)模式與分子生物學(xué)領(lǐng)域的癌浸潤(rùn)、轉(zhuǎn)移、預(yù)后的相關(guān)報(bào)道,在口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中細(xì)胞粘接因子β-catenin和E-cadherin表達(dá)與其浸潤(rùn)模式呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系[19],腫瘤抑制因子Maspin(Mammary Serine Protease Inhibitor)表達(dá)與預(yù)后呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系[20-21],與浸潤(rùn)程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系[22]。作者也曾經(jīng)發(fā)表過(guò)浸潤(rùn)模式與Cellular inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP-1)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系[23]。
在口腔癌腫瘤間質(zhì)的纖維含量緊密關(guān)聯(lián)于浸潤(rùn)模式,在1型至4C型隨其癌細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)能力的增強(qiáng),間質(zhì)結(jié)締組織被破壞強(qiáng)于增生;但是在4D型,其具有獨(dú)特的浸潤(rùn)形態(tài),強(qiáng)烈誘導(dǎo)結(jié)締組織形成的同時(shí)有彌漫浸潤(rùn)能力[24]。
體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中觀察口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞運(yùn)動(dòng)能力,在血清培養(yǎng)的條件下,浸潤(rùn)模式4D型癌細(xì)胞HOC313的運(yùn)動(dòng)面積最大,其次為4C型的OSC19,最小運(yùn)動(dòng)面積為浸潤(rùn)模式3型的OSC20[25-26]。在口腔癌化療過(guò)程中,隨其治療的生效,浸潤(rùn)模式有降級(jí)表現(xiàn)(4D→4C型→3型→2型→1型)[27-28]。endprint
關(guān)于浸潤(rùn)模式(Y-K分類)與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率以及預(yù)后的關(guān)系,Yamamoto等進(jìn)行了一系列研究,其結(jié)果顯示浸潤(rùn)模式1、2型的初次轉(zhuǎn)移率為5%左右,而3型為26.7%,4C型為 61.1%,4D型為75%;在回顧性研究中,后期轉(zhuǎn)移率4C型為 45.5%,4D型為100%[16-18]。本研究結(jié)果證實(shí),浸潤(rùn)模式4型和3型的淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率明顯高于2型和1型,具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。另一方,分化度與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床分期無(wú)相關(guān)。
本研究提示浸潤(rùn)模式對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移具有指導(dǎo)意義,可對(duì)口腔癌的個(gè)體化治療,尤其對(duì)術(shù)后治療提供信息。浸潤(rùn)模式應(yīng)用的疑問(wèn)點(diǎn)在于其中間型和移行型的正確判斷問(wèn)題,3型與4型的病例中存在著預(yù)后好與差的病例,其原因在于形態(tài)相同的腫瘤細(xì)胞可能有不同生物學(xué)行為。目前很多轉(zhuǎn)化研究嘗試確立癌浸潤(rùn)、轉(zhuǎn)移、預(yù)后的分子生物標(biāo)記物。作者認(rèn)為對(duì)于浸潤(rùn)模式分類有疑問(wèn)的病例,主觀判斷聯(lián)合應(yīng)用這些分子生物學(xué)標(biāo)記物,能夠更好判斷癌的浸潤(rùn)、轉(zhuǎn)移暨預(yù)后。
參 考 文 獻(xiàn)
[1] Dias FL, Klige rman J, Matos de Sa G, et al. Elective neck dissection versus observation in stage I squamous cell carcinomas of the tongue and floor of the mouth[J]. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2001,125:23-29.
[2] Ho CM, Lam KH, Wei WI, et al. Occult lymph node metastasis in small oral tongue Cancers[J]. Head Neck,1992,14:359-363.
[3] Yamazaki H, Inoue T, Yoshida K, et al. Lymph node metastasis of early oral Tongue cancer after interstitial radiotherapy[J]. Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys, 2004,58:139-146.
[4] Johnson JT, Barnes EL, Myers EN, et al.The extracapsular spread of tumors in cervical node Metastasis[J].Arch Otolaryngol,1981,107:725-729.
[5] Broders AC. Squamouse cell epithelioma of the lip, A study of five hundred and thirty seven Cases[J].JAMA,1920,74:656-664.
[6] Fraser J. Carcinoma of the mouth and tongue[J]. Ann Surg,1937,105:418-441.
[7] Morrow AS. Cancer of the tongue, A report of 187 cases with analysis of 98 treated principally by surgery at The New York Skin and Cancer Hospital between 1917and 1935[J].Ann Surg,1937,105:418-441.
[8] Jakopsson PA, Eneroth CM, Killander D, et al.Histologic classcification and grading of malignancy in carcinoma of the larynx[J]. Acta Radiol (Stockh) ,1973,12:1-8.
[9] Willen R, Nathanson A, Moberger G,et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva, Histological classcification and grading of malignancy[J].Acta Otolaryngo,1975,179:146-154.
[10] Anneroth G, Batsakis J, Luna M. Review of the literature and a recommended system of malignancy grading in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Scand J Dent Res,1987,95:229-249.
[11] Anneroth G, Hansen LS, Siverman S.Malignancy grading in oral squamous cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and floor of mouth; histologic grading in the clinical Evaluation[J]. J Oral Pathol,1986,15:162-168.
[12] Yamamoto E, Kohama G, Sunakawa H, et al. Mode of invasion, bleomycin sensitivity, and clinical course in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity[J]. Cancer,1983,51:2175-2180.endprint
[13] Yamamoto E, Sunakawa H, Kohama G. Clinical course of diffuse invasive carcinoma of the tongue excised after Bleomycin treatment[J].J Maxillofac Surg,1983,11:269-274.
[14] Hiratsuka H, Miyakawa A, Nakamori K, et al. Multivariate analysis of occult lymph node metastasis as a prognostic indicatorfor patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral Cavity[J].Cancer,1997,80:351-356.
[15] Kurokawa H, Yamashita Y, Takeda S, et al. Risk factors for late cervical lymph node metastases in patients with stage I or II carcinoma of the tongue[J]. Head Neck,2002,24:731-736.
[16] Yamamoto E, Miyakawa A., et al. Mode of invasion and metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral carvity[J].Head Neck Surg,1984,6:938-947.
[17] Yamamoto E, Miyakawa A., et al. 口腔粘膜癌切除後の後発転移に関する検討[J].癌の臨床,1989,35:815-824.
[18] Yamamoto E , Kawashiri S, Kato K, et al.Biological characteristics of the most invasive squamous cell carcinoma (Grade 4D) of the oral carvity[J].Journal of Japan Society for Oral Tumors,2009,21(3):131-169.
[19] Kitahara H, Kawashiri S., et al. Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin correlates with the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J].Oral Surg,2008,(1):28-34.
[20] Iezzi G, Plattelli A.,et al. Maspin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2007,18: 1039-1043.
[21] Marioni G, Gaio E., et al. MASPIN subcellular localization and expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol[J].2008,265:97-104.
[22] Yoshizawa K, Nozaki S., et al. Loss of maspin is a negative prognostic factor for invasive and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2009,38:535-539.
[23] S. Qi, S. Mogi, H. Tsuda, et al. Expression of cIAP-1 Correlates with Nodal Metastasisin Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2008,37: 1047-1053.
[24] Kawashiri S, Tanaka A., et al. Significance of stromal desmoplasia and myofibroblast appearance at the invasive front in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity[J].Head Neck.2009,31(10):1346-1353.
[25] 宮田就弘,口腔扁平上皮癌における自己分泌型運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)因子発現(xiàn)に関する研究第1報(bào):各細(xì)胞株の運(yùn)動(dòng)能及び浸潤(rùn)の検討[J].金大十全醫(yī)學(xué)誌,2002,111:106-113.
[26] 原田博紀(jì),熊本茂宏.ヒト扁平上皮癌細(xì)胞の浸潤(rùn)様式に関與する運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)因子の解析[J].口腔組織培養(yǎng)學(xué)會(huì)雑誌,1997,6:17-28.
[27] Kawashiri S, Kojima k, et al., Effect of chemotherapy on invasive and metastasis of oral cavity cancer in mice[J].Head Neck,2001,23:764-771.
[28] Oguchi N, Kawashiri S, et al., Effect of fibroblast growth inhibitor on proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Oral Onclo,2003, 39:240-247.endprint
[13] Yamamoto E, Sunakawa H, Kohama G. Clinical course of diffuse invasive carcinoma of the tongue excised after Bleomycin treatment[J].J Maxillofac Surg,1983,11:269-274.
[14] Hiratsuka H, Miyakawa A, Nakamori K, et al. Multivariate analysis of occult lymph node metastasis as a prognostic indicatorfor patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral Cavity[J].Cancer,1997,80:351-356.
[15] Kurokawa H, Yamashita Y, Takeda S, et al. Risk factors for late cervical lymph node metastases in patients with stage I or II carcinoma of the tongue[J]. Head Neck,2002,24:731-736.
[16] Yamamoto E, Miyakawa A., et al. Mode of invasion and metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral carvity[J].Head Neck Surg,1984,6:938-947.
[17] Yamamoto E, Miyakawa A., et al. 口腔粘膜癌切除後の後発転移に関する検討[J].癌の臨床,1989,35:815-824.
[18] Yamamoto E , Kawashiri S, Kato K, et al.Biological characteristics of the most invasive squamous cell carcinoma (Grade 4D) of the oral carvity[J].Journal of Japan Society for Oral Tumors,2009,21(3):131-169.
[19] Kitahara H, Kawashiri S., et al. Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin correlates with the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J].Oral Surg,2008,(1):28-34.
[20] Iezzi G, Plattelli A.,et al. Maspin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2007,18: 1039-1043.
[21] Marioni G, Gaio E., et al. MASPIN subcellular localization and expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol[J].2008,265:97-104.
[22] Yoshizawa K, Nozaki S., et al. Loss of maspin is a negative prognostic factor for invasive and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2009,38:535-539.
[23] S. Qi, S. Mogi, H. Tsuda, et al. Expression of cIAP-1 Correlates with Nodal Metastasisin Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2008,37: 1047-1053.
[24] Kawashiri S, Tanaka A., et al. Significance of stromal desmoplasia and myofibroblast appearance at the invasive front in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity[J].Head Neck.2009,31(10):1346-1353.
[25] 宮田就弘,口腔扁平上皮癌における自己分泌型運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)因子発現(xiàn)に関する研究第1報(bào):各細(xì)胞株の運(yùn)動(dòng)能及び浸潤(rùn)の検討[J].金大十全醫(yī)學(xué)誌,2002,111:106-113.
[26] 原田博紀(jì),熊本茂宏.ヒト扁平上皮癌細(xì)胞の浸潤(rùn)様式に関與する運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)因子の解析[J].口腔組織培養(yǎng)學(xué)會(huì)雑誌,1997,6:17-28.
[27] Kawashiri S, Kojima k, et al., Effect of chemotherapy on invasive and metastasis of oral cavity cancer in mice[J].Head Neck,2001,23:764-771.
[28] Oguchi N, Kawashiri S, et al., Effect of fibroblast growth inhibitor on proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Oral Onclo,2003, 39:240-247.endprint
[13] Yamamoto E, Sunakawa H, Kohama G. Clinical course of diffuse invasive carcinoma of the tongue excised after Bleomycin treatment[J].J Maxillofac Surg,1983,11:269-274.
[14] Hiratsuka H, Miyakawa A, Nakamori K, et al. Multivariate analysis of occult lymph node metastasis as a prognostic indicatorfor patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral Cavity[J].Cancer,1997,80:351-356.
[15] Kurokawa H, Yamashita Y, Takeda S, et al. Risk factors for late cervical lymph node metastases in patients with stage I or II carcinoma of the tongue[J]. Head Neck,2002,24:731-736.
[16] Yamamoto E, Miyakawa A., et al. Mode of invasion and metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral carvity[J].Head Neck Surg,1984,6:938-947.
[17] Yamamoto E, Miyakawa A., et al. 口腔粘膜癌切除後の後発転移に関する検討[J].癌の臨床,1989,35:815-824.
[18] Yamamoto E , Kawashiri S, Kato K, et al.Biological characteristics of the most invasive squamous cell carcinoma (Grade 4D) of the oral carvity[J].Journal of Japan Society for Oral Tumors,2009,21(3):131-169.
[19] Kitahara H, Kawashiri S., et al. Immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin correlates with the invasion, metastasis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J].Oral Surg,2008,(1):28-34.
[20] Iezzi G, Plattelli A.,et al. Maspin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Craniofac Surg,2007,18: 1039-1043.
[21] Marioni G, Gaio E., et al. MASPIN subcellular localization and expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol[J].2008,265:97-104.
[22] Yoshizawa K, Nozaki S., et al. Loss of maspin is a negative prognostic factor for invasive and metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. J Oral Pathol Med, 2009,38:535-539.
[23] S. Qi, S. Mogi, H. Tsuda, et al. Expression of cIAP-1 Correlates with Nodal Metastasisin Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Tongue[J]. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2008,37: 1047-1053.
[24] Kawashiri S, Tanaka A., et al. Significance of stromal desmoplasia and myofibroblast appearance at the invasive front in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity[J].Head Neck.2009,31(10):1346-1353.
[25] 宮田就弘,口腔扁平上皮癌における自己分泌型運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)因子発現(xiàn)に関する研究第1報(bào):各細(xì)胞株の運(yùn)動(dòng)能及び浸潤(rùn)の検討[J].金大十全醫(yī)學(xué)誌,2002,111:106-113.
[26] 原田博紀(jì),熊本茂宏.ヒト扁平上皮癌細(xì)胞の浸潤(rùn)様式に関與する運(yùn)動(dòng)促進(jìn)因子の解析[J].口腔組織培養(yǎng)學(xué)會(huì)雑誌,1997,6:17-28.
[27] Kawashiri S, Kojima k, et al., Effect of chemotherapy on invasive and metastasis of oral cavity cancer in mice[J].Head Neck,2001,23:764-771.
[28] Oguchi N, Kawashiri S, et al., Effect of fibroblast growth inhibitor on proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Oral Onclo,2003, 39:240-247.endprint