Module 2 The Renaissance

本模塊知識網(wǎng)絡(luò)

motivate? ?v.

tax? ?v.

dash? ?v.

flee? ?v.

appeal? ?v.

circulate? ?v.

seek? ?v.

squeeze? ?v.

inspire? ?v.

calculate? ?v.

subject? ?n.

work? ?n.

effect? ?n.

shade? ?n.

frontier? ?n.

tank? ?n.

ferry? ?n.

anecdote? ?n.

liberty? ?n.

spokesman? ?n.

burglar? ?n.

basement? ?n.

courtyard? ?n.

passerby? ?n.

moustache? ?n.

parcel? ?n.

crossing? ?n.

crossroads? ?n.

sideroad? ?n.

suspect? ?n.

loss? ?n.

behalf? ?n.

drawback? ?n.

substitute? ?n.

debt? ?n.

outcome? ?n.

blame? ?n.

press? ?n.

official? ?n.

profession? ?n.

disturbing? ?adj.

dull? ?adj.

skilled? ?adj.

overnight? ?adj.

authentic? ?adj.

antique? ?adj.

tentative? ?adj.

chief? ?adj.

fundamental? ?adj.

superb? ?adj.

confidential? ?adj.

gifted? ?adj.

movable? ?adj.

basically? ?adv.

merely? ?adv.

常用短語

depend on

in history

leave for

leave sth behind

on behalf of

get tired of doing sth

at liberty

up to

lead to

take up

詞匯短語園地

1. appeal? ?v.? ?懇求;呼吁

搭配：

（1） appeal to sb （for sth） （為某事）呼吁/懇請某人

He appealed to his friends for help.

他向朋友們請求幫助。

（2） appeal to sb to do sth? ?呼吁/懇請某人做某事

The police appealed to the crowd to keep calm.

警察呼吁群眾保持冷靜。

（1） appeal? ?v.? ?上訴;有吸引力

搭配：

appeal against sth? ?不服某事而上訴

He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.

他對被判五年有期徒刑提出上訴。

appeal to sb? ?迎合某人的愛好;吸引某人

The idea appealed to Mary.

這主意正合瑪麗的心意。

（2） appeal? ?n.? ?呼吁，懇求;上訴;吸引力

The country has made an appeal for help to the world.

那個(gè)國家向世界求助。

The new fashion soon lost its appeal.

這種新潮流很快就失去了吸引力。

2. loss? ?n.? ?丟失;喪失

The loss of her purse caused her much inconvenience.

丟失錢包給她帶來了諸多不便。

The loss of income for the government is about $250 million a month.

政府收入每月減少大概2.5億美元。

3. seek? ?v.? ?尋找;尋求

We sought （for） an answer to the question， but couldnt find one.

我們尋求這個(gè)問題的答案，可是沒能找到。

Most men seek wealth; all men seek happiness.

大多數(shù)人尋求財(cái)富，每個(gè)人都追求幸福。

seek advice/help/permission? ?征求建議/尋求幫助/征求同意

seek fame? ?追求名利

seek ones fortune? ?尋找致富（或成功）的機(jī)會

seek for/after? ?尋求;追求

seek sth from sb? ?向某人尋求某物

seek to do sth? ?試圖做某事

辨析：

比較seek，find和search

（1） seek“尋找;探索”，一般用于抽象意義，有時(shí)也表示渴望得到某一具體的東西，是比較正式的書面用語。它既可用作及物動詞，也可用作不及物動詞，作不及物動詞表“尋找;探索”時(shí)，既可接after也可接for。

（2） find“找到”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尋找”的結(jié)果。

（3） search“搜尋;搜查”，后接要搜查的場所;后接人時(shí)指“搜身”。

4. blame? ?n.? （對錯(cuò)事或壞事應(yīng)付的）責(zé)任

搭配：

（1） accept/bear/take the blame for sth? ?對某事負(fù)責(zé)任

You must bear the blame for the accident.

你必須承擔(dān)造成這次事故的責(zé)任。

We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.

我們愿對所發(fā)生的事負(fù)責(zé)。

（2） put/lay the blame on sb? ?（將某事）歸咎于某人

Shell put the blame on us if it turns out badly.

如果結(jié)果糟糕，她將會怪罪于我們。

He is trying to lay the blame on me.

他企圖把責(zé)任推給我。

blame? ?v.? ?責(zé)備;指責(zé);把……歸咎于

搭配：

（1） blame sb for sth/doing sth? ?為某事責(zé)備某人/責(zé)備某人做了某事

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.

許多孩子害怕講英語時(shí)犯錯(cuò)誤受到責(zé)備。

He blamed his teachers for his failure.

他把自己的失敗歸咎于他的老師。

（2） blame sth on sb? ?把某事歸咎于某人

The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.

警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。

Its no use blaming our defeat on him.

把我們的失敗歸罪在他頭上是沒用的。

（3） be to blame （for sth）? ?（對壞事）負(fù)有責(zé)任

注意：此處不能用被動語態(tài)。

The children were not to blame for the accident.

那次事故怪不著孩子們。

He is more to blame than you.

是他更應(yīng)受責(zé)備，而不是你。

Who is to blame for starting the fire？

這場火災(zāi)該由誰負(fù)責(zé)？

5. leave for? ?出發(fā)去某地

（1）“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動身去某地”

Next Friday， Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，愛麗斯要去倫敦。

He left for the front two weeks ago.

兩星期前，他出發(fā)去了前線。

（2）“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開某地去某地”

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing？

你為什么要離開上海去北京？

6. lead to? 導(dǎo)致，通向，通往

All roads lead to Rome.

條條道路通羅馬。

Under given conditions， a bad thing can lead to good results.

在一定條件下，一件壞事可以導(dǎo)致好的結(jié)果。

An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever.

一場普通的感冒很快便會引起高燒。

辨析：

比較lead to和result in

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.

This investment program will lead to the creation of new jobs.

從以上句子可以看到，lead to的主語（即引起事情發(fā)生的主動方）多是一個(gè)動態(tài)的動作或計(jì)劃，其賓語（即被引起的事情）無嚴(yán)格的消極與積極之分，而且多用于描述客觀的可能性和對未來的預(yù)測。

The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

These policies resulted in many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.

從以上句子可以看到，result in的主語多是靜態(tài)、客觀的一件事或物，其賓語通常是不良或消極的結(jié)果，而且多用于描述已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事件。

7. take up? ?從事，開始做（某項(xiàng)工作）

After he retired from office， Rogers took up painting for a while， but soon lost interest.

羅杰斯退休以后開始畫畫，但沒多久就失去興趣了。

He had studied Japanese for a year and a half before he took up English.

他開始學(xué)習(xí)英語之前已經(jīng)學(xué)了一年半日語。

We took up physical chemistry at college.

在大學(xué)我們選學(xué)了物理化學(xué)課。

The scientist has taken up a new subject.

這位科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開始研究一個(gè)新的課題。

（1） take up （time/space）? ?占用（時(shí)間）/占據(jù)（空間）

That big table takes up too much room.

那張大桌子占的地方太大了。

Learning English takes up a lot of my time.

學(xué)英語占了我許多時(shí)間。

That boy took my time up with his questions.

那個(gè)男孩的問題浪費(fèi)了我的時(shí)間。

（2） take up? ?繼續(xù);接著講

We took up our journey the next day.

第二天我們繼續(xù)趕路。

This chapter takes up where the last one left off.

本章繼續(xù)上一章談到的內(nèi)容。

（3） take up? ?接納（乘客等）;接受（挑戰(zhàn)、建議、條件等）

The bus stopped to take up passengers.

公共汽車停下來讓乘客上車。

He has taken up the bet.

他已接受打賭的條件。

（4） take up? ?提出（商討），討論

Theres another matter which we ought to take up.

還有一件事我們要提出來商量。

跟蹤導(dǎo)練

閱讀理解

A

Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. He was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.

The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children， and for writing books for young people that covered difficult subjects like war and violence. “Drugs， drive-by shootings， wasted lives—Myers has written about all these subjects with deep understanding and a hard-won， qualified sense of hope，” said Leonard S. Marcus.

He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence and Herbert Dean after his mother died when he was 18 months old. They loved him very much and his adoptive mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.

He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing? no matter what happened to him. “Its what you do，” she said.

He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service， he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.

In a New York Times essay published several years ago， Myers described how a short story by James Baldwin helped change the course of his life. “I didnt love the story， but I was lifted by it，” he wrote， “for it took place in Harlem， and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. His story humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didnt know I needed， the permission to write about my own landscape， my own map.”

“I write books or the troubled boy I once was，” he wrote， “and for the boy who lives within me still.”

1. What does the underlined word “prolific” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？

A. Productive. B. Unfortunate.

C. Conservative. D. Humorous.

2. What does the second paragraph mainly tell us？

A. How popular Myers was.

B. How Myers became successful.

C. What makes Myers works popular.

D. What people think of Myers works.

3. Who discovered Myers writing talent？

A. James Baldwin. B. His adoptive mother.

C. Leonard S. Marcus. D. One of his teachers.

4. Why was the short story by James Baldwin so important for Myers？

A. It helped him survive the dark period.

B. It inspired him to seek his writing career.

C. He learned many writing techniques from it.

D. He changed his view about writing stories.

B

The works of Shakespeare and Wordsworth are boosters （助推器） to the brain and better than some guide books， researchers said.

Scientists， psychologists and English experts at Liverpool University have found that reading the works of Shakespeare and other classical writers has a beneficial effect on the mind， catches the readers attention and triggers moments of self-reflection. Using scanners， they monitored the brain activity of volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare， William Wordsworth， T. S. Eliot and other classical writers.

They then “translated” the original texts into more “straightforward” modern language and again monitored the readers brains as they read the words. Scans showed that the more “challenging” essays and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the much plainer versions. Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it “l(fā)it up” as the readers encountered unusual words， surprising phrases or difficult sentence structures. This “l(fā)ighting up” of the mind lasts longer， shifting （轉(zhuǎn)動） the brain to a higher speed， encouraging further reading.

The research also found that reading poetry， in particular， increases activity in the right side of the brain， helping readers to reflect on their own experiences， which they compare with what they have read. This， according to the researchers， meant that the classical works were more useful than guide books.

Philip Davis， an English professor， believes “The research shows the power of literature to shift thinking patterns， to create new thoughts， shapes and connections in the young and adults alike.”

5. According to the text， reading classical works can ___ .

A. improve our reading skills

B. benefit our mind and thinking

C. help learn more about history

D. help deal with physical problems

6. How did the scientists and experts do the experiment？

A. By learning the habits of the readers.

B. By reading works of different writers.

C. By scanning the readers brain activities.

D. By lighting up the activities of the brains.

7. What can we learn about reading poetry from Paragraph 4？

A. It has the same effects as reading guide books.

B. Its concerned with the right side of the brain.

C. It helps readers learn more difficult grammar.

D. It makes readers forget about their troubles.

8. What is the authors purpose in writing the text？

A. To present a study on brain activities.

B. To show the power of classical literature.

C. To introduce a research on reading classics.

D. To appreciate what great writers in England have done.

閱讀七選五

There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to lead a healthy life.

Nowadays， people are very busy.? Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations.

The busyness also adds another factor： The need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly.? Computers， DVDs， CDs， television， PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activities， rather than traditional more active pursuits （消遣）. This has led to a lifestyle of less exercise.

Unfortunately， they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard （轟炸） their audience with “perfect” body images， the need to buy the most fashionable clothes， the most up?-to-?date computer games， the best places to visit and the best things to do.

Environments vary.? This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.

Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy—if he or she is motivated enough！

A. People are living in a bad air environment.

B. Often， both parents work outside the home.

C. The media provide entertainment and information.

D. Today society places a lot of emphasis on technology.

E. Advertisements play an important role in peoples life.

F. We may be exposed to pollution， such as cigarette

smoke.

G. Perhaps the most important factor is motivation or the

desire to be healthy.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

完形填空

History has some very special qualities about it. It is a? of what has happened in the past， and the really interesting thing is that much of history has been? time and again. It allows us to learn from the past， both the? made and the successes achieved.

One of the? of history is that it allows us to know how famous people? when they were faced with challenges in their . Although these challenges happened at a certain time in the past or in a? country or culture， all of them can always teach us something .

Take for example the? of Thomas Edison and how many times he? while on the road to finally inventing the light bulb （電燈泡）. He could be held out as a（n）? of a person who never stopped trying. I am sure he was? by those difficulties but he did not let them stop him. He had a? and he just kept trying until he reached success.

Or， think about the story of Abraham Lincoln who? to become President of the United States even though he suffered? ?hearing losses. Most of us only know about his . In fact， his life was not a（n）? one. His story makes us keep moving forward no matter what? we have in life.

These true history stories will make you? to reconsider giving up going after your dreams even though you may not think you have the courage or the? now to get what you have always wanted. They could help you make decisions and? when you have no idea what to do. They could inspire you to be all that you can be.

1. A. note B. belief C. chance D. record

2. A. reported B. expected C. repeated D. corrected

3. A. mistakes B. jokes C. agreements D. challenges

4. A. events B. periods C. problems D. advantages

5. A. studied B. reacted C. changed D. explored

6. A. life B. time C. work D. past

7. A. developed B. poor C. different D. popular

8. A. wonderful B. simple C. special D. useful

9. A. name B. story C. position D. character

10. A. failed B. watched C. escaped D. traveled

11. A. example B. hero C. scientist D. engineer

12. A. shocked? B. beaten C. discouraged D. controlled

13. A. job? B. dream C. duty? D. thought

14. A. happened B. prepared C. proposed D. managed

15. A. success B. suffering C. struggle D. experience

16. A. easy B. funny C. good D. right

17. A. directions B. promises C. permissions D. difficulties

18. A. refuse B. stop C. continue D. regret

19. A. ability B. habit C. goal D. choice

20. A. comments B. conversations

C. judgments D. impressions

語法填空

“If youre talking to me in a noisy restaurant and my nerve system （神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)） is good at locking onto the sound of your voice， I can understand? you say better.”

The research at Northwestern University shows that playing a musical instrument is good for your brain. And the brain? （remember） how to “l(fā)ock onto” the important sounds， although our ears may not work well as we age， and that helps us to hear better.

A scientist， living in France twenty years ago，? （write） about what he called the “Mozart Effect”. He said that it could be helpful to the brain when? （listen） to the classical music of Mozart. Some? （research） said that Mozarts music would make you much? （smart）， or even have some health disorders? （cure）. Others said that there was nothing special about Mozarts music. Any kind of high energy music would work. So if the cost of a musical instrument or music lessons is too costly， can we get? same brain experience just by listening？

Usually people have teachers， or they can teach themselves music. However， the point is that theyre? （active） playing a musical instrument and engaging? ?making music instead of listening to music passively.

1.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 3.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 5.

6.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 7.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 8.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 9.? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 10.

短文改錯(cuò)

Before lunch Allen happened to see a man fished in a water hole about five meter outside a bar. Allen was stopped curiously. All people passing the man who was fishing regarded him like a foolish man. Allens heart went out to him. He said kindly to fish-catcher， “Hello， will you please do me a favor but have a drink with me in the bar？” The man gladly accepted her invitation. After buying the man several cups of soft-drinks， Allen asked， “You are fishing there， right？ May I know how much fish you have caught this morning？” “You are number 8，” said the man humorous.