病毒的命名有哪些講究

導(dǎo)讀：2020年2月，世界衛(wèi)生組織將新型冠狀病毒感染的肺炎命名為“COVID-19”。隨后，國際病毒分類委員會(huì)宣布這種病毒的英文名為“SARS-CoV-2”。那么，傳染性疾病和病毒的命名有什么講究呢？

When we are born， we are given names that stay with us for our whole lives. Some names include good wishes and hopes from parents， while others may be unique and easy to remember. But do you know how a new virus got its name？

我們出生時(shí)就有了名字，名字與我們相伴一生。一些名字中包含了父母的美好祝愿與希冀，還有些名字獨(dú)特又好記。但你知道一種新的病毒是如何命名的嗎？

According to International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses， an organization responsible for naming new viruses， the task of naming a virus is no less important than naming a person.

負(fù)責(zé)為新病毒命名的機(jī)構(gòu)國際病毒分類委員會(huì)表示，為一種病毒命名的重要性不亞于為一個(gè)人起名。

When a disease breaks out， people focus on the public health response and the official naming of a new virus is often delayed. But that may lead to many problems. The most obvious one is that different media organizations may use different names for the same virus in their reports. As we enter the Internet era， information and news can spread to every household in seconds. This means different names can take hold quickly and be hard to take back， which may confuse those who know little about the virus.

當(dāng)一種疾病暴發(fā)時(shí)，人們的關(guān)注點(diǎn)都在公共衛(wèi)生應(yīng)急反應(yīng)上，新病毒命名常有所延誤。但這或許會(huì)帶來許多問題。最顯而易見的莫過于，不同的媒體機(jī)構(gòu)在報(bào)道中或許會(huì)使用不同的名稱來指代同一種病毒。隨著我們進(jìn)入互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，信息和新聞分秒間便能傳遍家家戶戶。也就是說，這些不同的名字很快就會(huì)被接收，但想把它們收回就難了，而對病毒不甚了解的人們或許會(huì)對此感到困惑。

But naming a virus is never easy. Over the past decades， some improper names have caused problems. In 2009， the “swine flu” was widely used before the official name， H1N1 virus， was announced. This led Egypt to slaughter all of its pigs even though it emerged and spread among people who hadnt been near pigs.

但為病毒命名也絕非易事。在過去的幾十年間，一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)拿Q引發(fā)了種種問題。2009年，在病毒H1N1的正式名稱被公布之前，“豬流感”一詞被廣泛使用。這導(dǎo)致埃及下令屠宰國內(nèi)所有的豬，盡管在未接觸豬的人群中也出現(xiàn)了傳播感染。

So in 2015， the World Health Organization （WHO） announced that the names of viruses should be easy to remember but avoid being named after geographic locations， people， species or classes of animals and foods.

因此，2015年，世界衛(wèi)生組織宣布，病毒名稱應(yīng)當(dāng)容易記憶，但要避免涉及地理位置、人群、物種或者動(dòng)物和食物的分類。

Following these principles， the new coronavirus we suffered from was named “COVID-19” by the WHO on Feb 11， 2020. In this name， “CO” means “corona”， “VI” stands for “virus” and “D” means “disease”.

遵循這些原則，世界衛(wèi)生組織在2020年2月11日將我們遭受的新型冠狀病毒肺炎命名為“COVID-19”。在這一名字中，CO代表冠狀（corona），VI代表病毒（virus），D代表疾?。╠isease）。

Next time you read about a virus you dont know， you may get some clues about it from its name.

下次當(dāng)你讀到一種你不知道的病毒時(shí)，你或許能從其名字中找到一些線索。

Word Study

slaughter /'sl??t?（r）/ v. 屠宰;宰殺

Men， women and children were slaughtered and villages destroyed.