訪談 Interview

導(dǎo)報：您的團隊如何配合推進方案的設(shè)計？

伊東：所有項目均由設(shè)計團隊負責(zé)，設(shè)計團隊由若干名成員組成，包括首席建筑師和初級建筑設(shè)計人員，我本人亦為團隊成員之一。通常，我會在首次會議上提出設(shè)計概念，隨后團隊成員在后續(xù)會議上對設(shè)計概念進行擴充。在該階段，設(shè)計團隊的所有成員，不論職位高低，均可平等表達各自意見。意見一經(jīng)采納，團隊成員會共同制定設(shè)計方案，在該過程中，設(shè)計方案也會不斷完善。設(shè)計團隊同樣會與結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)備工程師等專業(yè)顧問進行多番討論。

導(dǎo)報：您作品中追求輕薄結(jié)構(gòu)、自由流動的空間，這是來自怎樣的思考？

伊東：空氣、水、光線等自然元素會因時間和季節(jié)的變化而不斷轉(zhuǎn)變。與之相反，建筑則相對靜止和穩(wěn)定。我個人十分重視自然要素及其在空間中的自由流動。因此，我相信建筑能夠遵循類似的自然秩序，與自然及自然運動和諧共處。

導(dǎo)報：您認為游牧式的空間組織的當(dāng)代意義是什么？

伊東：短居和搬家對于現(xiàn)如今的人們而言已成常態(tài)，對于生活在大城市的人尤為如此。家庭單元的含義不復(fù)如前。今日之建筑空間應(yīng)當(dāng)順應(yīng)和更適應(yīng)瞬息萬變的社會。

導(dǎo)報：您一些作品中運用到算法，能向我們談?wù)勀鷮?shù)化技術(shù)的態(tài)度和價值取向嗎？

伊東：為使建筑更契合自然界規(guī)律，建筑設(shè)計應(yīng)更多融入有機幾何結(jié)構(gòu)，而非純幾何結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，我認為使用算法是創(chuàng)建流體建筑的有效工具。

導(dǎo)報：您追求建筑與自然的聯(lián)系，挑戰(zhàn)邊界，很多作品在結(jié)構(gòu)和施工上帶來困難，您怎么去平衡這些問題？

伊東：隨著當(dāng)今世界技術(shù)進步，設(shè)計和建造綜合性建筑已非難事。為應(yīng)對當(dāng)代社會的復(fù)雜形勢，使用先進技術(shù)設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)和設(shè)備實屬必要。

導(dǎo)報：您會特意去落成的建筑中體驗嗎?建成后的空間使用是否如您原本所設(shè)想？

伊東：當(dāng)然，我會前往現(xiàn)場參觀竣工建筑。然而，在建筑竣工后，建筑本身的用途并非建筑師所能掌控，而且我認為建筑師亦無義務(wù)決定建筑的具體使用方式。只有當(dāng)用戶隨心所欲自由使用建筑時，建筑的價值才真正得到體現(xiàn)。

導(dǎo)報：是否有讓您存在遺憾的項目？

伊東：我認為項目的設(shè)計想法最終只有70%能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)，但建筑師在整個設(shè)計過程中獲得的經(jīng)驗以及缺憾，將成為下個設(shè)計項目的寶貴財富。

導(dǎo)報：現(xiàn)代主義思想是上世紀從西方傳來的，深深的影響這著日本和中國的建筑設(shè)計。您認為您現(xiàn)在的實踐是在嘗試擺脫現(xiàn)代主義嗎？

伊東：人類征服自然界和人類社會獨立于自然界，是現(xiàn)代建筑理論的兩大基礎(chǔ)設(shè)想。然而，亞洲建筑流派認為人類社會從屬于自然界。我本人更推崇打破靜態(tài)和生硬現(xiàn)代建筑的亞洲衍生建筑。

導(dǎo)報：您如何看待日本當(dāng)代建筑界，以及中國的當(dāng)代建筑？

伊東：大量外形龐大、同質(zhì)化的建筑正在占領(lǐng)日本和中國的各大城市。正如我在問題8中所說，現(xiàn)在是時候應(yīng)該考慮未來的建筑發(fā)展方向。

導(dǎo)報：您如何看待現(xiàn)代建筑今后的變化趨勢？

伊東：讓自然環(huán)境與人造環(huán)境再度親密無間，同時利用先進技術(shù)。

導(dǎo)報：您的建筑似乎一直在變，沒有固定的套路，下一個方案可能走向何處？

伊東：我正在盡力實現(xiàn)問題10的答案。

導(dǎo)報：您創(chuàng)辦了“伊東建筑塾”，面向成人及兒童授課，在教育實踐中是否帶來不同的體驗？

伊東：當(dāng)代教育缺乏創(chuàng)造性思維，限制了兒童豐富的想象力。創(chuàng)建讓學(xué)生充分展開自由想象的平臺是伊東建筑塾的創(chuàng)辦宗旨。

WARA: How does your team cooperate to propel the design?

Toyo Ito:All projects are carried out by a team consisting of a few members including myself, chief architects and junior staあ. Typically, I initiate ideas at the fi rst meeting and then the team members develop the concept at the following meetings. During this phase, all members of the design team, regardless of position, equally present their viewpoints. Once an idea is adopted, design is developed collaboratively and constantly evolves during this process. The team will also have many discussions with consultants such as structural and mechanical engineers.

Toyo Ito:Natural elements such as air, water, light, etc. are continuously transforming according to time and seasons. Architecture, in contrast, tends to be static and stable. I value natural elements and their fl uid movement in space. Therefore, I believe architecture can be constructed to follow a similar natural order and be in tune with nature and its fl ows.

WARA: In your works, you pursue light and thin structure and fl owing space, what kind of thinking are these?

WARA: What do you think is the contemporary signi fi cance of nomadic spatial organization?

Toyo Ito:People nowadays, especially the ones who live in big cities are constantly moving and living transient lives. Conventions of the family unit are not as stable as they used to be in the past. Architectural spaces today should respond and be more adaptable to the changing society.

WARA: You use the algorithms in some works, can you tell us your attitude and value orientation to parameterized technology?

Toyo Ito:In order to make architecture closer to the rules of the natural world, design requires more organic geometry than pure geometry. Therefore, I fi nd using algorithm an eあective tool to create fl uid architecture.

WARA: You pursue the relationship between architecture and nature, challenge the boundary,and many works bring difficulties in structure and construction. How do you balance these problems?

Toyo Ito:With today’s technological development, it has become easier to both design and construct complex architecture. In response to the complexity of contemporary society, it is essential to consider structural and mechanical environments with advanced technology.

WARA: Will you go to experience the completed building designed by yourself on purpose? ls the space use as you originally envisaged?

Toyo Ito:Of course, I go on-site and visit the completed buildings. However, after construction completion architecture has a life beyond the control of the architect and I do not believe it is the architect's job to determine how the building is used functionally. Architecture serves its true purpose when it is vitalized by users who occupy the space freely as they wish.

WARA: Are there any items that leave you with regrets?

Toyo Ito: Ithink only 70% of projects’ ambition can be realized in the end. However, what you learn during the process and the inevitable regrets that arise can become the energy for the next project.

WARA: Modernism came from the West in the last century, which deeply in fl uenced the architectural design of Japan and china. Do you think your present practice is trying to get rid of modernism?

Toyo Ito:Modern architecture was created based on the foundation that humans conquer the natural world and that society is isolated from nature. However, principles in Asian thought believe that the built world is embedded in nature. I would like to disseminate Asian generative architecture that challenges static and rigid forms of modern architecture.

WARA: What do you think of the contemporary Japanese architectural environment and contemporary architecture in China?

Toyo Ito:Homogeneous and enormous architecture is dominating the contemporary urban landscape of both Japan and China. As answered in the question 8, we are now at the time to consider tomorrow’s architecture.

WARA: What do you think about the trend of modern architecture in the future?

Toyo Ito:Recuperating the intimate relationship between nature and the built environment and simultaneously utilizing the latest technologies.

WARA: Your building seems to have been changing, there is no fixed routine, and the next program may go where?

Toyo Ito:I am trying to take each step to realize the answer to the question 10.

WARA: You established "lTO JUKU" which not only attending class for adults but also for children,what are the different experiences in education practice?

Toyo Ito:Education today has become restrictive and as a result limits children’s rich imagination. Ito Juku’s primary aim is to create a platform to bring out the best of their freewheeling imagination.