中考時態(tài)與語態(tài)考點概要與題例

吳春華

對動詞各種時態(tài)和語態(tài)的考查一直是全國各地中考命題的熱點考查內(nèi)容之一，可以說，離開了動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)，英語命題則無法進行。本文擬結(jié)合2013年全國部分省市典型中考題中的時態(tài)與語態(tài)的考點作一歸納，以期對同學(xué)們的復(fù)習(xí)有所幫助。

No.1對各種時態(tài)的考查

【知識梳理】

一、一般現(xiàn)在時

1. 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常以now, at present以及often, sometimes, usually, always, seldom, every day(week/month/ year), once a week等表示頻度的副詞為時態(tài)標(biāo)志。

2. 一般現(xiàn)在時也可以表示不受任何時間制約的客觀事實或普遍真理。

3. 在時間或條件狀語從句中，如果主句是一般將來時、祈使句或主句中的謂語動詞含有can, may, must等情態(tài)動詞時，從句需用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。例如：

What are you going to do when you grow up? 你長大了打算做什么？

I will go to Beijing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我將去北京。

Please hand up if you have the answer to the question. 如果你知道問題的答案，請舉手。

If you make a lot of noise, you may disturb others. 如果你發(fā)出噪聲，你就會影響別人。

【中考鏈接】

①When you ________ at a restaurant,please order just enough food. （2013年陜西省）

A. ate B. will eat

C. eat D. haven eaten

②If farmers ________ trees and forests, giant pandas ________ nowhere to live. （2013年四川省雅安市）

A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will have

C. will cut down; have D. cut down; will have

③The teacher asked the students ________. （2013年黑龍江省綏化市）

A. why the earth went around the sun

B. why does the earth go around the sun

C. why the earth goes around the sun

二、一般過去時

1. 一般過去時可以表示過去某一時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，多以last week, an hour ago, just now, in 2013等單純表示過去時間的狀語為時態(tài)標(biāo)志。

2. 一般過去時也可以表示過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，此時句中除了有表示過去時間的狀語外，還常有always, usually, often, seldom, sometimes, never, every day等表示頻度的副詞或短語為時態(tài)標(biāo)志。

3. since引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在完成時的句子中，主句謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句謂語動詞則用一般過去時。例如：Mr. Green has been at this school since he came to China.

【中考鏈接】

④—Have you had your breakfast yet?

—Yes. Mom _____ it for me. (2013年江西省)

A. was cooking B. is cookingC. will cook D. cooked

⑤Many kids ________ volunteers to help others since the terrible earthquakes _________. (2013年黑龍江省龍東市)

A. have become; happened

B. have been; happened

C. became; have happened

三、現(xiàn)在進行時

1. 現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示此時此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常見的時間狀語為now，表示祈使語氣的動詞有l(wèi)ook和listen等。

2. 現(xiàn)在進行時還可以與always等副詞連用，表示反復(fù)性、一貫性的動作，含有贊揚或批評的感情色彩。例如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for people. 她總是在考慮怎樣為人們多做些事情。(表示贊揚)

3. go, come, arrive, leave, start等動詞用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來。例如：We are leaving Beijing for Guangzhou tomorrow. 我們明天要離開北京動身去廣州。

【中考鏈接】

⑥Tom wants to be a singer and he _____ singing lessons to do it. （2013年江西?。?/p>

A. took B. has taken

C. is taking D. was taking

⑦—My car ______. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?

—Im sorry I cant. Im _______ London tomorrow morning. （2013年山東省青島市）

A. is new; leaving B. has broken down; leaving for

C. broke; leaving for D. is expensive; leaving

四、過去進行時

1. 過去進行時表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，常以then, at that time, at this time yesterday等表示特定的過去時間點為時態(tài)標(biāo)志。

2. 表示一個動作發(fā)生時，另一個動作正在進行。前提是都發(fā)生在過去，此時常用when來連接其中一個動作。例如：When my uncle came in, I was reading. 叔叔進來的時候，我正在讀書。

【中考鏈接】

⑧—Did you go to the flower show yesterday afternoon？

—No, I ________ my homework then. （2013年黑龍江省大慶市）

A. did B. have done

C. was doing D. am doing

⑨—I phoned you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon, but nobody answered me.

—Sorry. I ________ the flowers in the garden at that time. （2013年江蘇省宿遷市）

A. was watering B. am watering

C. water D. will water

五、一般將來時

1. 一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)以及按計劃或安排將要進行的動作，一般將來時有be going to do, will/ shall do, be about to do等多種表達形式。

2. 在含有時間狀語從句(when, as soon as等)和條件狀語從句（if, unless等）的主從復(fù)合句中，若主句謂語動詞用一般將來時，從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來時間。

【溫馨提示】There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來時應(yīng)為There is/ are going to/ will be...。例如：

今晚我們學(xué)校將上演一場英文電影。

There is going to have an English film in our school this evening．（×）

There is going to/ will be an English film in our school this evening．（√）

【中考鏈接】

⑩—Which team do you think ______ the game?

—Hard to say. There are still ten minutes before it ends. (2013年浙江省麗水市)

A. won B. has won

C. will win D. wins

{11}—Theres going to _______ an English evening tonight. Would you like to go with us?

—Id love to. (2013年貴州省銅仁市)

A. have B. has

C. is D. be

六、現(xiàn)在完成時

1. 現(xiàn)在完成時可以表示發(fā)生在過去的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，它常與already, just, yet, before, ever, never等詞連用。

2. 現(xiàn)在完成時也可以表示發(fā)生在過去的某一動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去，此時常與“for + 一段時間”或“since + 過去時間點 / 謂語動詞為一般過去時的從句”連用。 但在肯定句中與一段時間連用時謂語動詞須用延續(xù)性動詞。例如：I have been away from Beijing for over twenty years. 我離開北京二十多年了。

【中考鏈接】

{12}Your foreign teacher Miss Smith ______ us English since five years ago. （2013年新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)）

A. taught B. in teaching

C. has taught D. teaches

{13}—Look at these stamps. I ______ them for five years.

—Wow, they are wonderful. （2013 年湖南省衡陽市）

A. kept B. have kept

C. have bought

{14}—Jane, when did you come here？

—In 2010. I ________ here for two years. (2013年貴州省銅仁市)

A. have been to B. have gone to

C. have come D. have been

七、過去完成時

1. 過去完成時表示到過去某一時間或某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即指“過去的過去”。此時常與by, when等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。例如： When I got to the bus stop, the bus had already gone. 我到達汽車站時汽車已經(jīng)開走了。

2. 過去完成時也可以表示某一動作在過去某一時間已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一時間，此時常與for或since引起的時間狀語連用。

【中考鏈接】

{15}—We all went to the cinema except you last night. Why didnt you come？

—Because I _______ that movie twice. （2013年湖北省襄陽市）

A. have watched B. had watched

C. was watching D. would watch

No.2對被動語態(tài)的考查

【知識梳理】

1. 被動語態(tài)表示的是主語是動作的承受者。當(dāng)我們不知道動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)行者以及需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時，通常要用被動語態(tài)。

2. 在做被動語態(tài)的考題時一般要注意兩點：①掌握各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)；②注意不同的時間狀語和被動語態(tài)的關(guān)系。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)見下表：

■

【溫馨提示】

①有些由“動詞 + 介詞”或“動詞 + 副詞”或“動詞+ 名詞 + 介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞，如look after, talk about, listen to, take care of, pay attention to, wake up, laugh at, write down 等，在意義上相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將整個短語動詞視為一個整體，而不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如：The old man was looked after by the child when he was ill.

②主動語態(tài)中的動詞不定式在see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, have, make等動詞后充當(dāng)賓語補足語時， 常省去to， 但在被動語態(tài)中卻不能省略。例如：The boy was made to sit down by him.

③有些動詞如sell, write, wash, cook，be worth doing等的主動形式常用來表示被動意義。還有一些句式中的主語和謂語之間不存在被動關(guān)系，因而常用其主動形式來表達被動含義。例如：This kind of rice cooks more quickly than that kind. 這種米做飯比那種熟得快。The film is very interesting and is well worth seeing. 這部電影很有趣，頗值得一看。

【中考鏈接】

{16}The Chinese writer has got lots of fans in France. His new book _____ into French as soon as it came out. （2013年江西?。?/p>

A. was translated B. translated

C. is translated D. translates

{17}Many comic books ______ into cartoons in the past 40 years. （2013年海南省三亞市）

A. make C. are made

C. have make D. have been made

{18}—What languages ______ in that country?

—German and English. （2013年天津市）

A. are speaking B. are spoken

C. speak D. is spoken

{19}From May 6, pedestrians（行人) ______ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.（2013年湖北省咸寧市）

A. will fine B. were fined

C. are fine D. will be fined

{20}—Its difficult to get to the other side of the river.

—I think a bridge _______ over the river. （2013年山東省濱州市）

A. should be built B. should build

C. will build D. has built

{21}—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It ___ food every day, or it will be hungry. （2013年湖北省黃岡市）

A. must give B. must be give

C. must be given D. must be gave

{22}If you see the cartoon film, you will _______ laugh. （2013年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼和浩特市）

A. be made B. be made to

C. make to D. make

{23}It ______ last week that the haze（霧霾） in Beijing caused many problems. （2013年廣東?。?/p>

A. reports B. reported

C. is reported D. was reported

Keys: 1 - 5C D C D B 6-10 C B C A C

11-15 D C B D B 16-20 A D B D A

21-23 C B D

A. was translated B. translated

C. is translated D. translates

{17}Many comic books ______ into cartoons in the past 40 years. （2013年海南省三亞市）

A. make C. are made

C. have make D. have been made

{18}—What languages ______ in that country?

—German and English. （2013年天津市）

A. are speaking B. are spoken

C. speak D. is spoken

{19}From May 6, pedestrians（行人) ______ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.（2013年湖北省咸寧市）

A. will fine B. were fined

C. are fine D. will be fined

{20}—Its difficult to get to the other side of the river.

—I think a bridge _______ over the river. （2013年山東省濱州市）

A. should be built B. should build

C. will build D. has built

{21}—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It ___ food every day, or it will be hungry. （2013年湖北省黃岡市）

A. must give B. must be give

C. must be given D. must be gave

{22}If you see the cartoon film, you will _______ laugh. （2013年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼和浩特市）

A. be made B. be made to

C. make to D. make

{23}It ______ last week that the haze（霧霾） in Beijing caused many problems. （2013年廣東?。?/p>

A. reports B. reported

C. is reported D. was reported

Keys: 1 - 5C D C D B 6-10 C B C A C

11-15 D C B D B 16-20 A D B D A

21-23 C B D

A. was translated B. translated

C. is translated D. translates

{17}Many comic books ______ into cartoons in the past 40 years. （2013年海南省三亞市）

A. make C. are made

C. have make D. have been made

{18}—What languages ______ in that country?

—German and English. （2013年天津市）

A. are speaking B. are spoken

C. speak D. is spoken

{19}From May 6, pedestrians（行人) ______ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.（2013年湖北省咸寧市）

A. will fine B. were fined

C. are fine D. will be fined

{20}—Its difficult to get to the other side of the river.

—I think a bridge _______ over the river. （2013年山東省濱州市）

A. should be built B. should build

C. will build D. has built

{21}—How often do I need to feed the dog?

—It ___ food every day, or it will be hungry. （2013年湖北省黃岡市）

A. must give B. must be give

C. must be given D. must be gave

{22}If you see the cartoon film, you will _______ laugh. （2013年內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)呼和浩特市）

A. be made B. be made to

C. make to D. make

{23}It ______ last week that the haze（霧霾） in Beijing caused many problems. （2013年廣東?。?/p>

A. reports B. reported

C. is reported D. was reported

Keys: 1 - 5C D C D B 6-10 C B C A C

11-15 D C B D B 16-20 A D B D A

21-23 C B D