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      右美托咪定預處理對全麻誘導期老年患者雙腔氣管插管血流動力學的影響

      2014-07-09 02:15:39方軍王勝斌
      中國醫(yī)學創(chuàng)新 2014年16期
      關鍵詞:血流動力學右美托咪定老年患者

      方軍++王勝斌

      【摘要】 目的:觀察中等劑量右美托咪定(Dex)對行雙腔氣管插管單肺通氣老年手術患者全麻誘導期麻醉深度指數(shù)和血流動力學的影響。方法:選擇擬行術中單肺通氣雙腔氣管插管老年手術患者40例,年齡60~75歲,隨機數(shù)字表法分為D組(右美托咪定)和C組(對照),每組20例。D組麻醉誘導10 min前靜脈泵注右美托咪定

      【關鍵詞】 右美托咪定; 全麻誘導期; 老年患者; 雙腔氣管插管; 血流動力學

      Effects of Hemodynamics on Dexmedetomidine Pretreatment for Older Patients Undergoing Double Lumen Endotracheal Intubation in General Anesthetic Induction Period/FANG Jun, WANG Sheng-bin.//Medical Innovation of China,2014,11(16):041-044

      【Abstract】 Objective: To observe effects of hemodynamics on Dexmedetomidine pretreatment for thoracic surgery in older individuals via double lumen endotracheal intubation in General anesthetic induction period. Method: Forty ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients with thoracic surgery were randomly divided into two groups: Group C (control group, n=20) and Group D (dexmedetomidine group D, n=20). In the group D, Dexmedetomidine was intravenously administered at 0.5 μg/kg for ten minutes. The patients in Group C were stated on 0.9% normal saline infusion at an equivalent rate. Drug induced using midazolam 0.02 mg/kg, fentanyl 4 μg/kg, vecuronium bromide 0.1 mg/kg and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg. Changes of cerebral state index (CSI), heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were monitored before injection(T0), after injection at 2 minutes (T1), 4 minutes (T2), 6 minutes (T3), 8 minutes (T4), 10 minutes (T5), before intubation (T6), immediately after intubation (T7). Result: The CSI in Group D of T4(65.4±10.4), T5(60.3±7.9), T6(46.1±4.7) gradually decreased compared with the T0(96.5±4.0)(P<0.05), and was significantly less than that of Group C (P<0.05), the HR in Group D of T5, T6 significantly decreased compared with the T0(P<0.05). DBP, MAP, HR of T7 in Group C were higher than those of T6(P<0.05) during anesthetic induction. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment at 0.5 μg/kg for ten minutes has obvious sedative effect for elderly patients, not only can make CSI decreased, but also can reduce the cardiovascular stress responses during double lumen endotracheal intubation.

      【Key words】 Dexmedetomidine; Induction of general anesthesia; General patient; Double lumen endotracheal tube; Hemodynamics

      First-authors address: Anqing Municipal Hospital, Anqing 246003, China

      doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2014.16.013

      單肺通氣的手術患者常選擇雙腔氣管插管,由于雙腔氣管導管管徑粗大,加上需對導管精確定位時間相對較長,尤其是對老年患者的氣管刺激較強,導致患者血流動力學波動大,因此需要在全麻誘導期對老年手術患者提供足夠的麻醉深度和維持平穩(wěn)的血流動力學。本研究旨在觀察中等劑量右美托咪定(Dex)預給藥對60~75歲老年患者雙腔氣管插管操作前后麻醉深度指數(shù)(CSI)和全麻誘導期間血流動力學的影響,為臨床提供參考。

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 一般資料

      本研究中D組HR在T4、T5時點比基礎值(T0)降低,HR作為心肌氧供需平衡的主要因素之一,在一定程度上HR下降有助于降低心肌氧耗,尤其對于老年伴有冠心病患者的心肌保護有明顯的益處。Ibacache[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),右美托咪定預處理通過激活α-2腎上腺素能受體,激活促生存激酶,通過細胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶,蛋白激酶B和內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶通路產(chǎn)生心肌保護作用;Biccard等[10]通過進一步研究表明,接受α-2腎上腺素受體激動劑治療的患者,無論是整體死亡率還是心肌梗死的風險,都明顯降低。值得注意的是,近來有研究顯示右美托咪啶用于伴有左心室功能受損和心臟傳導阻滯的患者可發(fā)生不可控制的低血壓和心動過緩[11-12]。

      綜上所述,右美托咪定麻醉誘導前預處理(0.5 μg/kg),可以對單肺通氣老年手術患者麻醉誘導前產(chǎn)生安全有效鎮(zhèn)靜催眠作用,同時有效降低雙腔氣管插管對患者的應激反應,有助于維持麻醉誘導期間的血流動力學穩(wěn)定,也可能對老年患者具有一定的心肌保護作用;但也應警惕右美托咪定應用時可能發(fā)生偶發(fā)的不可控制的心動過緩和嚴重低血壓。

      參考文獻

      [1]曹丙玉.不同劑量右美托咪啶用于清醒經(jīng)鼻盲探氣管插管的效果[J].國際醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生導報,2011,17(2):192-195.

      [2] Yoo K, Jeong S W, Kim S J, et al. Cardiovasculur responses to endotracheal intubation in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord injuries[J]. Anesth Analg,2003,97(4):1162-1167.

      [3] Gerlach A T, Murphy C U, Dasta J F. An updated focused review of dexmedetomidine in adults[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2009,43(12):2064-2074.

      [4]周汾,李肇端,余劍波.右美托咪定臨床應用研究進展[J].中國中西醫(yī)結(jié)合外科雜志,2013,(2):215-217.

      [5]王珊珊,趙明,何湘平,等.右美托咪定對高血壓患者全麻圍拔管期應激反應的影響[J].江蘇醫(yī)藥,2011,37(9):1048-1050.

      [6]胡憲文,張野,孔令鎖,等.不同劑量右美托咪啶誘發(fā)患者心血管效應的比較[J].中華麻醉學雜志,2010,30(11):1304-1306.

      [7] Kunisawa T, Nagata O, Nagashima M, et al. Dexmedetomidine suppresses the decrease in blood pressure during anesthetic induction andblunts the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation[J]. J ClinAnesth,2009,21(3):194-199.

      [8] Su F, Hammer G B. Dexmedetomidine: pediatric pharmacology, clinical uses and safety[J]. Expert Opin Drug Saf,2011,10(1):55-66.

      [9] Ibacache M, Sanchez G, Pedrozo Z, et al. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning activates pro-survival kinases and attenuates regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2012,1822(4):537-545.

      [10] Biccard B M, Goga S, de Beurs J. Dexmedetomidine and cardiac protection for non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. Anaesthesia,2008,63(1):4-14.

      [11] Lam F, Bhutta A T, Tobias J D, et al. Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine in critically Ⅲ neonates and infants with heart disease[J]. Pediatr Cardiol,2012,34(1):276-279.

      [12] Tachibana K, Hashimoto T, Kato R, et al. Neonatal administration with dexmedetomidine does not impair the rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity later in adulthood[J]. Paediatr Anaesth,2012,10(11 111):1460-1462.

      (收稿日期:2014-04-14) (本文編輯:王宇)

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 一般資料

      本研究中D組HR在T4、T5時點比基礎值(T0)降低,HR作為心肌氧供需平衡的主要因素之一,在一定程度上HR下降有助于降低心肌氧耗,尤其對于老年伴有冠心病患者的心肌保護有明顯的益處。Ibacache[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),右美托咪定預處理通過激活α-2腎上腺素能受體,激活促生存激酶,通過細胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶,蛋白激酶B和內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶通路產(chǎn)生心肌保護作用;Biccard等[10]通過進一步研究表明,接受α-2腎上腺素受體激動劑治療的患者,無論是整體死亡率還是心肌梗死的風險,都明顯降低。值得注意的是,近來有研究顯示右美托咪啶用于伴有左心室功能受損和心臟傳導阻滯的患者可發(fā)生不可控制的低血壓和心動過緩[11-12]。

      綜上所述,右美托咪定麻醉誘導前預處理(0.5 μg/kg),可以對單肺通氣老年手術患者麻醉誘導前產(chǎn)生安全有效鎮(zhèn)靜催眠作用,同時有效降低雙腔氣管插管對患者的應激反應,有助于維持麻醉誘導期間的血流動力學穩(wěn)定,也可能對老年患者具有一定的心肌保護作用;但也應警惕右美托咪定應用時可能發(fā)生偶發(fā)的不可控制的心動過緩和嚴重低血壓。

      參考文獻

      [1]曹丙玉.不同劑量右美托咪啶用于清醒經(jīng)鼻盲探氣管插管的效果[J].國際醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生導報,2011,17(2):192-195.

      [2] Yoo K, Jeong S W, Kim S J, et al. Cardiovasculur responses to endotracheal intubation in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord injuries[J]. Anesth Analg,2003,97(4):1162-1167.

      [3] Gerlach A T, Murphy C U, Dasta J F. An updated focused review of dexmedetomidine in adults[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2009,43(12):2064-2074.

      [4]周汾,李肇端,余劍波.右美托咪定臨床應用研究進展[J].中國中西醫(yī)結(jié)合外科雜志,2013,(2):215-217.

      [5]王珊珊,趙明,何湘平,等.右美托咪定對高血壓患者全麻圍拔管期應激反應的影響[J].江蘇醫(yī)藥,2011,37(9):1048-1050.

      [6]胡憲文,張野,孔令鎖,等.不同劑量右美托咪啶誘發(fā)患者心血管效應的比較[J].中華麻醉學雜志,2010,30(11):1304-1306.

      [7] Kunisawa T, Nagata O, Nagashima M, et al. Dexmedetomidine suppresses the decrease in blood pressure during anesthetic induction andblunts the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation[J]. J ClinAnesth,2009,21(3):194-199.

      [8] Su F, Hammer G B. Dexmedetomidine: pediatric pharmacology, clinical uses and safety[J]. Expert Opin Drug Saf,2011,10(1):55-66.

      [9] Ibacache M, Sanchez G, Pedrozo Z, et al. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning activates pro-survival kinases and attenuates regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2012,1822(4):537-545.

      [10] Biccard B M, Goga S, de Beurs J. Dexmedetomidine and cardiac protection for non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. Anaesthesia,2008,63(1):4-14.

      [11] Lam F, Bhutta A T, Tobias J D, et al. Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine in critically Ⅲ neonates and infants with heart disease[J]. Pediatr Cardiol,2012,34(1):276-279.

      [12] Tachibana K, Hashimoto T, Kato R, et al. Neonatal administration with dexmedetomidine does not impair the rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity later in adulthood[J]. Paediatr Anaesth,2012,10(11 111):1460-1462.

      (收稿日期:2014-04-14) (本文編輯:王宇)

      1 資料與方法

      1.1 一般資料

      本研究中D組HR在T4、T5時點比基礎值(T0)降低,HR作為心肌氧供需平衡的主要因素之一,在一定程度上HR下降有助于降低心肌氧耗,尤其對于老年伴有冠心病患者的心肌保護有明顯的益處。Ibacache[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),右美托咪定預處理通過激活α-2腎上腺素能受體,激活促生存激酶,通過細胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶,蛋白激酶B和內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶通路產(chǎn)生心肌保護作用;Biccard等[10]通過進一步研究表明,接受α-2腎上腺素受體激動劑治療的患者,無論是整體死亡率還是心肌梗死的風險,都明顯降低。值得注意的是,近來有研究顯示右美托咪啶用于伴有左心室功能受損和心臟傳導阻滯的患者可發(fā)生不可控制的低血壓和心動過緩[11-12]。

      綜上所述,右美托咪定麻醉誘導前預處理(0.5 μg/kg),可以對單肺通氣老年手術患者麻醉誘導前產(chǎn)生安全有效鎮(zhèn)靜催眠作用,同時有效降低雙腔氣管插管對患者的應激反應,有助于維持麻醉誘導期間的血流動力學穩(wěn)定,也可能對老年患者具有一定的心肌保護作用;但也應警惕右美托咪定應用時可能發(fā)生偶發(fā)的不可控制的心動過緩和嚴重低血壓。

      參考文獻

      [1]曹丙玉.不同劑量右美托咪啶用于清醒經(jīng)鼻盲探氣管插管的效果[J].國際醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生導報,2011,17(2):192-195.

      [2] Yoo K, Jeong S W, Kim S J, et al. Cardiovasculur responses to endotracheal intubation in patients with acute and chronic spinal cord injuries[J]. Anesth Analg,2003,97(4):1162-1167.

      [3] Gerlach A T, Murphy C U, Dasta J F. An updated focused review of dexmedetomidine in adults[J]. Ann Pharmacother,2009,43(12):2064-2074.

      [4]周汾,李肇端,余劍波.右美托咪定臨床應用研究進展[J].中國中西醫(yī)結(jié)合外科雜志,2013,(2):215-217.

      [5]王珊珊,趙明,何湘平,等.右美托咪定對高血壓患者全麻圍拔管期應激反應的影響[J].江蘇醫(yī)藥,2011,37(9):1048-1050.

      [6]胡憲文,張野,孔令鎖,等.不同劑量右美托咪啶誘發(fā)患者心血管效應的比較[J].中華麻醉學雜志,2010,30(11):1304-1306.

      [7] Kunisawa T, Nagata O, Nagashima M, et al. Dexmedetomidine suppresses the decrease in blood pressure during anesthetic induction andblunts the cardiovascular response to tracheal intubation[J]. J ClinAnesth,2009,21(3):194-199.

      [8] Su F, Hammer G B. Dexmedetomidine: pediatric pharmacology, clinical uses and safety[J]. Expert Opin Drug Saf,2011,10(1):55-66.

      [9] Ibacache M, Sanchez G, Pedrozo Z, et al. Dexmedetomidine preconditioning activates pro-survival kinases and attenuates regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta,2012,1822(4):537-545.

      [10] Biccard B M, Goga S, de Beurs J. Dexmedetomidine and cardiac protection for non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. Anaesthesia,2008,63(1):4-14.

      [11] Lam F, Bhutta A T, Tobias J D, et al. Hemodynamic effects of dexmedetomidine in critically Ⅲ neonates and infants with heart disease[J]. Pediatr Cardiol,2012,34(1):276-279.

      [12] Tachibana K, Hashimoto T, Kato R, et al. Neonatal administration with dexmedetomidine does not impair the rat hippocampal synaptic plasticity later in adulthood[J]. Paediatr Anaesth,2012,10(11 111):1460-1462.

      (收稿日期:2014-04-14) (本文編輯:王宇)

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