盛鵬程+尹文林+林鋒+徐洋+姚嘉贇+許婷+郝貴杰+曹錚+吳穎蕾+沈錦玉*
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6755.2014.03.001
摘 要:以添加不同量銀耳菌絲體多糖(0.1%、0.12%、0.15%),酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖(0.005%、0.01%、0.02%),黃芩苷(0.01%、0.02%、0.04%)的飼料投喂初體質(zhì)量為0.227 g±0.017 g的青蝦 60 d,研究其對(duì)青蝦的生長(zhǎng)及免疫因子的影響。各組青蝦肝胰臟中SOD活力均被抑制。與對(duì)照組相比,0.1%添加量的銀耳菌絲體多糖對(duì)青蝦肝胰臟中的 ACP 活力的提高最明顯;0.02%添加量的酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖組對(duì)蝦肝胰臟中的 AKP 活力的提高最明顯;0.005%添加量的酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖組對(duì)蝦肝胰臟中的POD活力的提高最明顯;銀耳菌絲體多糖和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖各添加量組對(duì)青蝦生長(zhǎng)有明顯提高。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,添加適當(dāng)劑量的銀耳菌絲體多糖和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖可以促進(jìn)青蝦的生長(zhǎng)及增強(qiáng)青蝦的免疫能力。
關(guān)鍵詞:青蝦;免疫增強(qiáng)劑;免疫因子
淡水青蝦學(xué)名日本沼蝦,俗稱河蝦,廣泛分布于我國(guó)各地的淡水中,具有生長(zhǎng)快、繁殖力強(qiáng)、味道鮮美、營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的特點(diǎn)。自上世紀(jì)90年代始,成為新興的養(yǎng)殖品種。因其苗種來源方便、養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,成為農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)戰(zhàn)略型調(diào)整的一個(gè)首選品種。青蝦產(chǎn)業(yè)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),青蝦病害對(duì)于青蝦養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的危害也逐步加大,以使用抗生素為代表的傳統(tǒng)治療方法,因其易導(dǎo)致養(yǎng)殖動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生抗藥性、易有殘留等原因,在各國(guó)逐漸被禁用和取代。因此,研究青蝦的免疫增強(qiáng)劑,有效提高蝦類本身的抗病能力,越來越受到人們的重視。本實(shí)驗(yàn)用添加天然植物免疫增強(qiáng)劑的配合飼料投喂青蝦,研究其對(duì)青蝦的生長(zhǎng)和相關(guān)免疫因子的影響,探討其作為飼料添加劑的可能。
1 材料和方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)飼料
本試驗(yàn)將銀耳菌絲體多糖、酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖、黃芩苷作為免疫增強(qiáng)劑,添加于青蝦飼料中。采用單因子濃度梯度法,在基礎(chǔ)飼料中分別添加01%、0.12%、0.15%有效銀耳菌絲體多糖,在基礎(chǔ)飼料中分別添加0.005%、0.01%、0.02%有效酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖,在基礎(chǔ)飼料中分別添加001%、0.02%、0.04%有效黃芩苷。飼料制成直徑為1.6 mm的顆粒,自然風(fēng)干,4 ℃冷藏保存?;A(chǔ)飼料配方見表1。
1.2 材料來源與馴化
試驗(yàn)在浙江省淡水水產(chǎn)研究所養(yǎng)殖基地進(jìn)行。青蝦幼蝦(平均濕體質(zhì)量0.227 g±0.017 g)取自浙江德清吳越水產(chǎn)有限公司,青蝦在實(shí)驗(yàn)室玻璃纖維水槽(200 cm×200 cm×100 cm)中暫養(yǎng),水溫23.5~25.0 ℃。
1.3 養(yǎng)殖試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與管理
試驗(yàn)采用3×2析因設(shè)計(jì),每個(gè)水族箱(30 cm×40 cm ×50 cm,養(yǎng)殖水體約50 L)放養(yǎng)40尾青蝦,每個(gè)水族箱放置一張聚乙烯網(wǎng)片,供青蝦棲息、攀爬。每個(gè)處理設(shè)2個(gè)重復(fù),共20個(gè)水族箱。日投餌2次(06:00和18:00),投餌量約占青蝦體質(zhì)量的3%~5%;投餌2.5 h后從每個(gè)水族箱收集殘餌、糞便和蝦殼,3 d換水1次,每次換水2/3以上。溶解氧維持在6.0 mg/L以上,水溫(25.0±0.5)℃。試驗(yàn)周期為60 d。
表1 試驗(yàn)飼料的基礎(chǔ)配方
成分Composition 比例Percent/% 成分Composition 比例Percent/%
魚粉Fish meal 12 預(yù)混料Premix 1
豆粕Soybean meal 20 磷脂PhospholiPids 3
菜粕Rapeseed meal 12 磷酸二氫鈣CaH2PO4 2.2
棉粕Cotton meal 10 食鹽NaCl 0.3
花生粕Peanut meal 12 酵母粉Yeast-extract paste 3
次粉Wheat middling and red dog 16 蝦殼粉Shrimp powder 3
麩皮Wheat bran 3.4 沸石粉Zeolit 1.6
黏結(jié)劑Binder 0.5
1.4 樣品測(cè)定
試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí),稱重量,然后進(jìn)行青蝦非特異性免疫因子的測(cè)定。
1.4.1 SOD的活性 應(yīng)用超氧化物歧化酶檢測(cè)試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)測(cè)定。
1.4.2 POD的活性 應(yīng)用POD檢測(cè)試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)測(cè)定。
1.4.3 ACP的活性 應(yīng)用酸性磷酸酶檢測(cè)試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)測(cè)定。
1.4.4 AKP的活性 應(yīng)用堿性磷酸酶檢測(cè)試劑盒(南京建成生物工程研究所)測(cè)定。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 銀耳菌絲體多糖、酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖和黃芩苷對(duì)青蝦幼蝦生長(zhǎng)的影響
結(jié)果和變量分析見表2。分析表明,銀耳菌絲體多糖組和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖組,隨著飼料中添加量的增加,相對(duì)增重率逐漸增大,當(dāng)銀耳菌絲體多糖添加量達(dá)0.15%時(shí),增重率達(dá)到最高,當(dāng)銀酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖添加量達(dá)0.02%時(shí),增重率達(dá)到最高。但酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖的增重率比銀耳菌絲體多糖增重率低。黃芩苷組中隨著飼料中添加量的增加,青蝦相對(duì)增長(zhǎng)率并沒有隨之增加,而是出現(xiàn)不規(guī)則變化。
2.2 三種免疫增強(qiáng)劑對(duì)青蝦幼蝦肝胰臟ACP和AKP活性的影響
結(jié)果和變量分析見表3。分析表明,銀耳菌絲體多糖組中隨著飼料中添加量的增加,青蝦幼蝦肝胰臟酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和堿性磷酸酶(AKP)的活力也隨之增加。酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖的添加量為0.005%時(shí),ACP和AKP的活力最高。黃芩苷組中隨著飼料中黃芩苷的增加,ACP和AKP的活力也隨之增加。但是,ACP活力增加不顯著,AKP的活力增加顯著,在添加量為004%時(shí),AKP的活力最高。
表2 銀耳菌絲體多糖、酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖和
黃芩苷對(duì)青蝦幼蝦生長(zhǎng)的影響
種類 免疫增強(qiáng)劑
添加量/g?kg-1 末體質(zhì)量/g
銀耳菌絲
體多糖 0.1 0.599 473 7±0.026 45
0.12 0.711 429±0.098 658
0.15 0.785 833 3±0.060 828
酵母細(xì)胞
壁多糖 0.005 0.715 833 3±0.026 458
0.01 0.718±0.02
0.02 0.73±0.040 373
黃芩苷 0.01 0.486 470 6±0.023 664
0.02 0.45±0.032 506
0.04 0.469 393 9±0.021 213
對(duì)照組 0 0.534 444 4±0.034 303
表3 三種免疫增強(qiáng)劑對(duì)青蝦幼蝦肝胰臟ACP和AKP活性的影響
種類 免疫增強(qiáng)劑添加量/g?kg-1 ACP活力(U/mgprot) AKP活力(U/mgprot)
銀耳菌絲
體多糖 0.1 60.388 55±2.238 175 93.975 65±1.608 122
0.12 56.403 87±2.141 164 67.697 06±0.894 151
0.15 52.013 69±1.649 056 61.358 54±1.165 459
酵母細(xì)胞壁
多糖 0.005 61.034 44±1.164 07 84.373 33±2.186 777
0.01 48.854 02±1.121 151 56.939 49±1.192 723
0.02 65.797 05±1.521 078 79.678 28±0.704 803
黃芩苷 0.01 41.134 46±1.762 552 47.019 88±1.509 226
0.02 49.828 05±1.292 55 47.214 65±0.573 809
0.04 52.341 91±1.425 345 48.752 43±0.843 195
對(duì)照組 0 51.150 32±1.429 696 37.912 47±0.674 413
2.3 三種免疫增強(qiáng)劑對(duì)青蝦幼蝦肝胰臟POD和SOD活性的影響
結(jié)果和變量分析見表3。分析表明,與對(duì)照組相比,不管是銀耳菌絲體多糖組,還是酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖組和黃芩苷組,均對(duì)青蝦幼蝦肝胰臟超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力起抑制作用。有可能免疫增強(qiáng)劑的量過高或是過低,起到抑制作用。銀耳菌絲體多糖組和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖組中,銀耳菌絲體多糖和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖添加量分別為0.1%和0.005%時(shí),青蝦幼蝦肝胰臟過氧化物酶(POD)活力最高。黃芩苷組三個(gè)濃度對(duì)POD活性影響甚微,甚至起抑制作用。具體原因不清,有待進(jìn)一步研究。
表4 三種免疫增強(qiáng)劑對(duì)青蝦幼蝦肝胰臟POD和SOD活性的影響
種類 免疫增強(qiáng)劑添加量/g?kg-1 POD活力(U/mgprot) SOD活力(U/mgprot)
銀耳菌絲體
多糖 0.1 0.753 24±0.024 77 0.036 057±0.000 935
0.12 0.429 982±0.033 708 0.075 903±0.000 257
0.15 0.455 164±0.022 38 0.029 655±0.000 874
酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖 0.005 0.982 871±0.015 59 0.038 509±0.001 226
0.01 0.484 187±0.009 988 0.069 003±0.001 635
0.02 0.387 646±0.014 414 0.077 132±0.003 811
黃芩苷 0.01 0.220 458±0.020 272 0.055 282±0.000 557
0.02 0.194 451±0.011 434 0.091 286±0.001 442
0.04 0.258 095±0.024 283 0.067 109±0.001 025
對(duì)照組 0 0.251 288±0.007 499 0.098 113±0.000 734
3 討論
3.1 免疫增強(qiáng)劑對(duì)青蝦生長(zhǎng)的影響
本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,添加銀耳菌絲體多糖和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖試驗(yàn)組的生長(zhǎng)狀況均好于對(duì)照組。當(dāng)銀耳菌絲體多糖添加量達(dá)0.15%時(shí),生長(zhǎng)情況最好,當(dāng)酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖添加量達(dá)0.02%時(shí),生長(zhǎng)情況最好。而且,該兩組均是隨著飼料中免疫增強(qiáng)劑添加量的增加,生長(zhǎng)情況越好。黃芩苷組的生長(zhǎng)情況與對(duì)照組相當(dāng),少有不如,這有可能與黃芩苷的添加量有關(guān),添加過高或高低。天然中草藥植物中有效成分極為復(fù)雜,它不但含有大量的生物堿、揮發(fā)油、苷類、有機(jī)酸、鞣質(zhì)、多糖及多種免疫活性物質(zhì)和一些未知的促生長(zhǎng)活性物質(zhì),還含有一定量的蛋白質(zhì)、氨基酸、糖類、礦物質(zhì)、維生素、油脂、植物色素等營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)[1-2]。由于中草藥具有資源豐富、加工成本低、副作用小和藥物殘留少的優(yōu)點(diǎn),被廣泛用于水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物飼料添加劑,并且在加速生長(zhǎng)、提高生產(chǎn)性能和增強(qiáng)免疫力等方面產(chǎn)生了較好的效果[3-4]。酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖的主要功能成分是β-葡聚糖,國(guó)外研究表明,β-葡聚糖能顯著促進(jìn)對(duì)蝦的生長(zhǎng)。Lopez N曾報(bào)道β-葡聚糖可以使凡納濱對(duì)蝦日增重率提高[5]。Sung的研究也表明能促進(jìn)對(duì)蝦的生長(zhǎng)[6]。Wigglesworth等的研究則認(rèn)為對(duì)蝦可以消化β-葡聚糖,因此推測(cè)β-葡聚糖促生長(zhǎng)的作用原理是由于其能被消化提供機(jī)體生命活動(dòng)所需的能量,從而節(jié)約了蛋白質(zhì)[7]。
3.2 免疫增強(qiáng)劑對(duì)青蝦免疫因子的影響
本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,銀耳菌絲體多糖組中隨著飼料中添加量的增加,ACP和AKP的活力也隨之增加。酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖的添加量為0.005%時(shí),ACP和AKP的活力最高。黃芩苷組中隨著飼料中黃芩苷的增加,ACP和AKP的活力也隨之增加。但是,ACP活力增加不顯著,AKP的活力增加顯著,在添加量為0.04%時(shí),AKP的活力最高。銀耳菌絲體多糖組和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖組中,銀耳菌絲體多糖和酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖添加量分別為0.1%和0.005%時(shí),POD活力最高。與對(duì)照組相比,不管是銀耳菌絲體多糖組,還是酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖組和黃芩苷組,均對(duì)SOD活力起抑制作用。有可能免疫增強(qiáng)劑的量過高或是過低,起到抑制作用。黃芩苷組三個(gè)濃度對(duì)POD活性影響甚微,甚至起抑制作用。具體原因不清,有待進(jìn)一步研究。近年來發(fā)現(xiàn),銀耳多糖有免疫增強(qiáng)作用[8-10]。鄭寶燦等[11]通過給小鼠每天灌胃0.5或1.0 g/kg銀耳菌絲體多糖,連續(xù)20 d,不僅可明顯地促進(jìn)小鼠特異性抗體的形成,亦可明顯地促進(jìn)小鼠腹腔巨噬細(xì)胞的吞噬功能。增加外周血T淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量。Zhang等[12]得到銀耳多糖50~100 mg/kg腹腔注射可使羊紅細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)的小鼠空斑形成細(xì)胞(PEC)增加。Sung等[6]采用從酵母中提取出來的β-1,3-葡聚糖的溶液浸泡斑節(jié)對(duì)蝦,發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)蝦的溶菌酶和酚氧化酶活性均有提高,且抗創(chuàng)傷弧菌的能力增強(qiáng),并持續(xù)了18 d。許第新等[13]以酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖作為免疫增強(qiáng)劑注射克氏原螯蝦后發(fā)現(xiàn)肝胰臟中的堿性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性有明顯增強(qiáng)。這與本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果相符。陳昌福[14]的研究也表明,在南美白對(duì)蝦飼料中添加酵母細(xì)胞壁多糖可以顯著提高對(duì)蝦肌肉和血液中的AKP和ACP活性,并使肝胰臟中的POD,ACP和AKP活性也有顯著增強(qiáng)。這也與本試驗(yàn)的結(jié)果一致。郭文婷等[15]把含有黃芩等9種中草藥以2%劑量在飼料中添加后,試驗(yàn)組酚氧化酶活力、過氧化物酶活力、抗菌活力都顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01)。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與該結(jié)果不一致,本試驗(yàn)黃芩苷不能增強(qiáng)青蝦的過氧化物酶活力,這有可能與添加量有關(guān),本試驗(yàn)添加量為0.01%~0.04%。
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[2] Lin H Z,Li Z J,Chen Y Q,et a1.Effect of dietary traditional Chinese medicines on apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Boone[J]. Aquaculture, 2006,253:495-501
[3] Jian J C,Wu Z H.Influences of traditional Chinese medidne On nonspecific immunity of Jian carp(Cypnnus carpio var. Jian)[J].Fish&Shellfish Immunology,2004, 16(2):185-191
[4] 閻斌倫,王興強(qiáng),何執(zhí)中,等.中草藥對(duì)脊尾白蝦存活和生長(zhǎng)的影響[J].準(zhǔn)海工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2007,16(3):62-65
[5] Lopez N,Cuzon G,Gaxiola G, et al.Physiolodical nutritional, and immunological role of dietaryβ-1,3 glcuan and ascorbic acid 2-monophosphosphate in Litopenaeus vannamei juveriles. Aquaculture, 2003, 224:223-243
[6] Sung HH, Koom GH, Song YL. Vibrosis resistance induced by glucan treatment in tiger shrimp(Paneausmonodon)[J].Fish Pathology,1994, 29;11-17
[7] Wigglesworth JM, Grifith D RW. Carbohydrate digestion in Penaeus monodon. Mar. Biol, 1994, 120:571-578
[8] Gao Q,Seljejid R,Chen H,Jiang R.Characterisation of acidic heteroglycans from Tremellafuciformis Berk with cytokine stimulating activity- Carbohydr.Res.1996b, 288:135-142
[9] Gao Q,Killie MK,Chen H,Jiang R,Seljejid R.Characterization and cytokine?stimulating activities of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis Planta Med.1997, 63:457-460
[10] Gao Q,Bemtzen G,Jiang R,Killie MK,Seljejid R.Conjugates of Tremella polysaccharides withmicrobeads andtheirTNF?stimulating activity PlantaMed. 1998, 64:551-554
[11] 鄭寶燦,馬桂榮. 銀耳菌絲體多糖對(duì)小鼠免疫功能的影響[J]. 中國(guó)食用菌,1991,10(2):9-11
[12] Zhang L,Zhang M,Chen J,et a1.Solution properties of antitumor carboxy.Methylated erivatives of A-(1,3)-D-glucan from Ganoderma Lucidum[J].Chinese J of Polym ci.2001, 19(3):283-289
[13] 許第新,姚娟,陳昌福.注射免疫多糖(酵母細(xì)胞壁)對(duì)克氏原螯蝦幾種免疫相關(guān)酶的影響[J].淡水漁業(yè),2004,34(5):56-58
[14] 陳昌福,姚娟,陳萱,等.免疫多糖對(duì)南美白對(duì)蝦免疫相關(guān)酶的激活作用[J].華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2004,23(5):551-554
[15] 郭文婷,李健.中草藥制劑對(duì)凡納濱對(duì)蝦生長(zhǎng)及血淋巴中免疫因子的影響[J].飼料工業(yè), 2005,26(6):6-10
Study on Growth and Impact Different Immunostimulants
on Immune Functions of Macrobrachium nipponense
SHENG Peng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cheng,YIN Wen
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lin, LIN Feng, XU Yang,YAO Jia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
yun, XU Ting,
HAO Gui
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
jie, CAO zheng, WU Ying
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lei, SHEN Jin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
yu*
(Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001)
Abstract:Macrobrachium nipponense juvenile(initial body weight 0.227±0.017g) were fed on basal diet supplemented with different levels of tremella mycelium polysacchrides(0.1%、0.12%、0.15%), polysaccharides of yeast cell wall(0.005%、0.01%、0.02%), and baicalin(0.01%、0.02%、0.04%) for 60 days. Each group was duplicate. Growth, and activities of acid phosphates(ACP), catalase(CAT), superoxidase(SOD) and peroxisome (POD) were measured. The result showed those activities of SOD in experimental group were suppressed than those of the control. The activities of ACP in 0.1%tremella mycelium polysacchrides group were very significantly higher than others. The activities of AKP in 0.02%polysaccharides of yeast group were very significantly higher than others. The activities of POD in 0.005%baicalin group were very significantly higher than others. Tremella mycelium polysacchrides groups and polysaccharides of yeast cell wall groups can help macrobrachium nipponense improve their growth significantly. The experimental results show that adding appropriate doses of tremella mycelium polysaccharides and polysaccharides of yeast cell wall could promote the growth and immune functions of macrobrachium nipponense.
Key words:Macrobrachium nipponense; Immune enhancer; Immune factor
(收稿日期:2013-12-13)
[4] 閻斌倫,王興強(qiáng),何執(zhí)中,等.中草藥對(duì)脊尾白蝦存活和生長(zhǎng)的影響[J].準(zhǔn)海工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2007,16(3):62-65
[5] Lopez N,Cuzon G,Gaxiola G, et al.Physiolodical nutritional, and immunological role of dietaryβ-1,3 glcuan and ascorbic acid 2-monophosphosphate in Litopenaeus vannamei juveriles. Aquaculture, 2003, 224:223-243
[6] Sung HH, Koom GH, Song YL. Vibrosis resistance induced by glucan treatment in tiger shrimp(Paneausmonodon)[J].Fish Pathology,1994, 29;11-17
[7] Wigglesworth JM, Grifith D RW. Carbohydrate digestion in Penaeus monodon. Mar. Biol, 1994, 120:571-578
[8] Gao Q,Seljejid R,Chen H,Jiang R.Characterisation of acidic heteroglycans from Tremellafuciformis Berk with cytokine stimulating activity- Carbohydr.Res.1996b, 288:135-142
[9] Gao Q,Killie MK,Chen H,Jiang R,Seljejid R.Characterization and cytokine?stimulating activities of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis Planta Med.1997, 63:457-460
[10] Gao Q,Bemtzen G,Jiang R,Killie MK,Seljejid R.Conjugates of Tremella polysaccharides withmicrobeads andtheirTNF?stimulating activity PlantaMed. 1998, 64:551-554
[11] 鄭寶燦,馬桂榮. 銀耳菌絲體多糖對(duì)小鼠免疫功能的影響[J]. 中國(guó)食用菌,1991,10(2):9-11
[12] Zhang L,Zhang M,Chen J,et a1.Solution properties of antitumor carboxy.Methylated erivatives of A-(1,3)-D-glucan from Ganoderma Lucidum[J].Chinese J of Polym ci.2001, 19(3):283-289
[13] 許第新,姚娟,陳昌福.注射免疫多糖(酵母細(xì)胞壁)對(duì)克氏原螯蝦幾種免疫相關(guān)酶的影響[J].淡水漁業(yè),2004,34(5):56-58
[14] 陳昌福,姚娟,陳萱,等.免疫多糖對(duì)南美白對(duì)蝦免疫相關(guān)酶的激活作用[J].華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2004,23(5):551-554
[15] 郭文婷,李健.中草藥制劑對(duì)凡納濱對(duì)蝦生長(zhǎng)及血淋巴中免疫因子的影響[J].飼料工業(yè), 2005,26(6):6-10
Study on Growth and Impact Different Immunostimulants
on Immune Functions of Macrobrachium nipponense
SHENG Peng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cheng,YIN Wen
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lin, LIN Feng, XU Yang,YAO Jia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
yun, XU Ting,
HAO Gui
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
jie, CAO zheng, WU Ying
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lei, SHEN Jin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
yu*
(Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001)
Abstract:Macrobrachium nipponense juvenile(initial body weight 0.227±0.017g) were fed on basal diet supplemented with different levels of tremella mycelium polysacchrides(0.1%、0.12%、0.15%), polysaccharides of yeast cell wall(0.005%、0.01%、0.02%), and baicalin(0.01%、0.02%、0.04%) for 60 days. Each group was duplicate. Growth, and activities of acid phosphates(ACP), catalase(CAT), superoxidase(SOD) and peroxisome (POD) were measured. The result showed those activities of SOD in experimental group were suppressed than those of the control. The activities of ACP in 0.1%tremella mycelium polysacchrides group were very significantly higher than others. The activities of AKP in 0.02%polysaccharides of yeast group were very significantly higher than others. The activities of POD in 0.005%baicalin group were very significantly higher than others. Tremella mycelium polysacchrides groups and polysaccharides of yeast cell wall groups can help macrobrachium nipponense improve their growth significantly. The experimental results show that adding appropriate doses of tremella mycelium polysaccharides and polysaccharides of yeast cell wall could promote the growth and immune functions of macrobrachium nipponense.
Key words:Macrobrachium nipponense; Immune enhancer; Immune factor
(收稿日期:2013-12-13)
[4] 閻斌倫,王興強(qiáng),何執(zhí)中,等.中草藥對(duì)脊尾白蝦存活和生長(zhǎng)的影響[J].準(zhǔn)海工學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2007,16(3):62-65
[5] Lopez N,Cuzon G,Gaxiola G, et al.Physiolodical nutritional, and immunological role of dietaryβ-1,3 glcuan and ascorbic acid 2-monophosphosphate in Litopenaeus vannamei juveriles. Aquaculture, 2003, 224:223-243
[6] Sung HH, Koom GH, Song YL. Vibrosis resistance induced by glucan treatment in tiger shrimp(Paneausmonodon)[J].Fish Pathology,1994, 29;11-17
[7] Wigglesworth JM, Grifith D RW. Carbohydrate digestion in Penaeus monodon. Mar. Biol, 1994, 120:571-578
[8] Gao Q,Seljejid R,Chen H,Jiang R.Characterisation of acidic heteroglycans from Tremellafuciformis Berk with cytokine stimulating activity- Carbohydr.Res.1996b, 288:135-142
[9] Gao Q,Killie MK,Chen H,Jiang R,Seljejid R.Characterization and cytokine?stimulating activities of acidic heteroglycans from Tremella fuciformis Planta Med.1997, 63:457-460
[10] Gao Q,Bemtzen G,Jiang R,Killie MK,Seljejid R.Conjugates of Tremella polysaccharides withmicrobeads andtheirTNF?stimulating activity PlantaMed. 1998, 64:551-554
[11] 鄭寶燦,馬桂榮. 銀耳菌絲體多糖對(duì)小鼠免疫功能的影響[J]. 中國(guó)食用菌,1991,10(2):9-11
[12] Zhang L,Zhang M,Chen J,et a1.Solution properties of antitumor carboxy.Methylated erivatives of A-(1,3)-D-glucan from Ganoderma Lucidum[J].Chinese J of Polym ci.2001, 19(3):283-289
[13] 許第新,姚娟,陳昌福.注射免疫多糖(酵母細(xì)胞壁)對(duì)克氏原螯蝦幾種免疫相關(guān)酶的影響[J].淡水漁業(yè),2004,34(5):56-58
[14] 陳昌福,姚娟,陳萱,等.免疫多糖對(duì)南美白對(duì)蝦免疫相關(guān)酶的激活作用[J].華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2004,23(5):551-554
[15] 郭文婷,李健.中草藥制劑對(duì)凡納濱對(duì)蝦生長(zhǎng)及血淋巴中免疫因子的影響[J].飼料工業(yè), 2005,26(6):6-10
Study on Growth and Impact Different Immunostimulants
on Immune Functions of Macrobrachium nipponense
SHENG Peng
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
cheng,YIN Wen
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lin, LIN Feng, XU Yang,YAO Jia
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
yun, XU Ting,
HAO Gui
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
jie, CAO zheng, WU Ying
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
lei, SHEN Jin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
yu*
(Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001)
Abstract:Macrobrachium nipponense juvenile(initial body weight 0.227±0.017g) were fed on basal diet supplemented with different levels of tremella mycelium polysacchrides(0.1%、0.12%、0.15%), polysaccharides of yeast cell wall(0.005%、0.01%、0.02%), and baicalin(0.01%、0.02%、0.04%) for 60 days. Each group was duplicate. Growth, and activities of acid phosphates(ACP), catalase(CAT), superoxidase(SOD) and peroxisome (POD) were measured. The result showed those activities of SOD in experimental group were suppressed than those of the control. The activities of ACP in 0.1%tremella mycelium polysacchrides group were very significantly higher than others. The activities of AKP in 0.02%polysaccharides of yeast group were very significantly higher than others. The activities of POD in 0.005%baicalin group were very significantly higher than others. Tremella mycelium polysacchrides groups and polysaccharides of yeast cell wall groups can help macrobrachium nipponense improve their growth significantly. The experimental results show that adding appropriate doses of tremella mycelium polysaccharides and polysaccharides of yeast cell wall could promote the growth and immune functions of macrobrachium nipponense.
Key words:Macrobrachium nipponense; Immune enhancer; Immune factor
(收稿日期:2013-12-13)